This research aims to clarify the importance of practicing sports and its role in improving the lifestyle of university students. By understanding how sports contribute to strengthening social relationships within the academic community and enhancing the physical and mental health of university students, sports have become an effective tool in the modern era. They are not limited to entertainment or amusement but also contribute to building the character of university students, enhancing their interactive abilities, and instilling moral values such as cooperation, tolerance, and discipline. The study highlights the historical background of sports, starting from the civilizations of the Mesopotamian Valley, thru the Islamic civilization,

The study is interested in examining the organizational reputation of the Women's Committee at the Iraqi Football Association. Description of Work The descriptive design was conducted on a community sample of 218 Iraqi Football Association population. The researchers utilized a questionnaire as a data collection instrument and included 5 domains including leadership, creativity culture and structure; public relations capability, quality of performance and governance in their instrument. The findings demonstrated an acceptable level of institutional image for the women's committee altogether (firms and organizations) which would suggest that constructive measures have been taken regarding performance enhancement and promotion of s

            this study sport-related anxiety is explored by examining its influence on performance of young goalkeepers (under 20 year) in relation to key skills such as shot-stopping, positioning and reaction speed. The study population will be drawn from youth club teams in the Baghdad Governorate by experience and performance to achieve objectivity and generality. The study includes the 2023–2024 year sports season (preparation, training, competition periods) with measurements at different times to measure the effects of anxiety in various contexts. Information will come from local clubs and training centers that focus on the development of goalkeeper skills. The use of psychological measurements to ascertain anxiet

         The participation in the rehabilitation of injuries among athletes and non-athletes from various sports, as well as the prevention and reduction of sports injuries and the restoration of athletes to their pre-injury condition, represent a fundamental goal in the sports field. Progressive rehabilitative exercises, applied from simple to complex, play a crucial role in restoring function and reducing pain among injured athletes. This study aimed to design and implement rehabilitation sessions composed of targeted exercises to treat partial Achilles’ tendon rupture in football players and to examine the differences between pre- and post-tests in static strength and balance. Using an experimental one-group pre–post desig

The research aimed to use the method of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection as a relatively modern therapeutic approach to improve the range of motion and reduce pain in Muay Thai players suffering from rotator cuff injuries in the shoulder joint. The research sample included (5) Muay Thai players with rotator cuff injuries in the shoulder joint, with an age of (23.43 ±0.64) years, a mass of (87.74 ±8.19) kg, and a height of (181.39 ±4.21) cm. Their injuries were diagnosed by specialized doctors. Platelet-rich plasma injections were administered once, with a prohibition on training and specific use of the injured joint for 3 days post-injection. Training was resumed after 2 weeks with moderate intensity, and they returned to their de

This work concentrates on the effect of a flex-skin trailing edge flap on the aerodynamic characteristics of SD7037 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers, in the range of 2^10 to 5^10 using computational methods. The study used a range of angle of attack (AOA) associated with the take-off phase and different flap angles. The numerical model was set up in Siemens STAR-CCM+ package using the κ-ω shear stress transport turbulence model and the (γ-Reθ) transition model which ensured the approximate solution of Navier-Stokes equations. The verification of the computational solution was done by the comparison with the available experimental data of the plain flap, and it was discovered that the results matched pretty well at lower AoAs. Results in

Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a significant global health burden with variable prevalence influenced by metabolic, genetic, and infectious factors. Increasing evidence suggests that Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species, contribute to gallstone pathogenesis through enzymatic activity and biofilm formation. Objectives: To characterize Gram-positive bacteria within gallstones from Iraqi patients, evaluate their biofilm-forming capacity, and analyze the relationship between bacterial colonization, gallstone type, and cholesterol levels. Methods: A total of 100 gallstones were obtained from patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy between October 2024 and March 2025. Stones were

ان حـق التنميـة والتطـور مـن احلقـوق التـي طالبـت هبـا املجتمعـات الدوليـة كافـة السـيام بعـد احلــرب العامليــة الثانيــة، ولكــن العقوبــات االقتصاديــة التــي فرضــت عــى العــراق مل تراعــي حقــه يف التنميــة فبعــد ان كان العــراق يتجــه نحــو التقــدم والتطــور يف منطقــة الــرق االوســط عــاد إىل التدهـور والضعـف بسـبب فـرض العقوبـات االقتصاديـة عليـه مـن قبـل املجتمـع الـدويل ، ونظـرا المهي

المستودع الرقمي العراقي. مركز المعلومات الرقمية التابع لمكتبة العتبة العباسية المقدسة

This article aims to investigate how war contributes to the pollution of water bodies with harmful substances including heavy metals and toxic substances. The paper explains how these pollutants, carelessly dumped by military operations, have severely damaged the water quality of rivers and lakes all across Iraq. Based on the Jassim River as case study, the paper shows a close relationship between military operations and pollution. Shown is the effects of this pollution on local ecosystems like fish and wildlife, and human population, dependent on the river for drinking, irrigation, and other basic needs. The article reveals the problem of military waste in Iraq, focusing on the absence of satisfactory waste disposal techniques and

The study aimed to design resistance training for discus throwers, identify their starting and performance variables, and examine the effect of resistance training on developing these variables. The researchers employed an experimental approach with two equivalent groups using pre- and post-tests, suitable for the research problem. The research population included female athletes participating in the Iraqi Athletics Clubs and Institutions Championship in November 2022, with 13 participants. Eight athletes were selected based on achievement levels and research requirements. They were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (4 athletes) training with resistance according to a graduated bumper network, and a control group (4

      The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises with blended learning according to the sequential and random exercise and learning the skills of settings and receiving the serve with volleyball for students in the fifth grade of middle school. The importance of the research comes in developing the skills of setting and receiving the serve with volleyball in the physical education lesson for the fifth stage of middle school through blended learning and by scheduling the sequential exercise. random exercise, the research problem revolved around the fact that the performance is not at the required level among students at this stage in learning how to perform volleyball skills. This is due to the fact that most of t

This study aimed to develop a guidance program based on reality therapy and construct a scale to measure motivation toward playing volleyball among first-year middle school students at Al-Mustafa Boys’ School. The counseling sessions sought to enhance students’ motivation to engage in volleyball. The research question focused on whether motivation could be increased through the proposed program. To achieve this, the researcher used an experimental design with two equivalent groups experimental and control employing pre- and post-tests. The study population consisted of 250 students across five classes in the 2023–2024 academic year. After administering the motivation scale, a purposive sample of 40 students with the lowest scores w

            The study aimed to investigate the effect of individual long jump slops and its effect on some biomechanical variables of U20 of triple jump. It is hypothesized that there is statistically significant difference between the results of the pre and posttests in the biomechanical variables of U20 of triple jumps. To achieve the aim of the study, one group pre-test post-test experimental design is used. A sample of (6) triple jump players under 20 years from the specialized schools of the Ministry of Youth and Sports, is non-randomly chosen during the academic year (2023-2024). The pilot study was carried out to on Tuesday and Wednesday (10/24/2023) at 4:00 p.m. at the Ministry of Youth and Sports stadiums on a group o

Purpose of the research was to determine sustainable development degree in besiege youth and sports from performance level of directors forum about employees perspective according to Baghdad. A case study was adopted on a randomly selected sample of 316 (28.546% of the original calculation) members of the population that are working officially in the digit youth and sport forum staff in Baghdad for employees ' year represented workers employed officially to its affiliates in 2023. They are located within an overall 1,107 members of staff spread across three forums and constitute the focus of the research problem. A minority exploratory sample of 9 subjects, that represented 0.813% of the original population was also randomly sele

            The study aimed to develop plyometric exercises with a proposed device to enhance reaction speed and defensive movement in basketball players under the age of 18. The researchers used an experimental approach, employing an equivalent control-experimental group design and conducting pre- and post-tests. The research sample was selected from Al-Nu'maniya Sports Club's youth category (under 18 years old). The results of the pre- and post-tests were presented, analyzed, and discussed using data processing methods. The researchers concluded that plyometric exercises with the proposed device had a positive impact on enhancing reaction speed and defensive movement in players under 18 years old. They also recommended sever

Sports Medicine is unique as the injuries and treatments require specialized considerations in both diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. The frequency of these injuries has increased in athletes, especially in sports that require contact with the opponent, like basketball. This study is important in that it intends to be able to perform pain-free training until the back to baseline with physiotherapy devices, isometric exercises and moderate progressive load increases from easy to difficult. The following is the central research question: because some injuries are such that a patient cannot have control of a given range of motion, and this will weaken the knee. Precisely, there is a critical demand to develop targeted rehabilita

            This study aimed to investigate the effect of complex resistance-based exercises on enhancing the explosive power of the arms and legs and improving the accuracy of long-range jump shots among basketball players. A single-group experimental design with pre- and post-tests was employed, aligning with the research objectives. The population comprised 20 players from the First Al-Karkh Education Team, from which 8 were randomly selected for the main study, and 4 participated in an exploratory experiment. Homogeneity of the sample was confirmed for age, weight, and height, with skewness values within ±3. The training program, directly supervised by the researchers with assistance from the team coaches, lasted eight we

تعتبر شبكية العين جزءًا مهمًا من العين لأن الأطباء يستخدمون صورها لتشخيص العديد من أمراض العيون مثل الجلوكوما واعتلال الشبكية السكري وإعتام عدسة العين. في الواقع، يعد تصوير الشبكية المجزأ أداة قوية للكشف عن النمو غير العادي في منطقة العين بالإضافة إلى تحديد حجم وبنية القرص البصري. يمكن أن يؤدي الجلوكوما إلى إتلاف القرص البصري، مما يغير مظهر القرص البصري للعين. تعمل تقنيتنا على الكشف عن الجلوكوما وتصنيفه

field of modern and contemporary Yemeni history, accomplished at Ibn Rushd College of Education, University of Baghdad. It was determined according to a time frame in the years 1989, which is the date of completion of the first master’s thesis in the field of modern and contemporary Yemeni history, which deals with the subject of “Iraqi-Yemeni relations 1932- 1962”, and the year 2020, which is the year of completion of a master’s thesis on the position of Iraqi public opinion on the Egyptian military intervention in Yemen (1962-1970). The study determined the nature of these studies, whether they were in the form of master’s theses or doctoral dissertations, or research and studies published in issues of the refereed scien

The objective of this study is to analyze the difficulties faced by intermediate-level Iraqi students in the use of Spanish unstressed pronouns as a foreign language (ELE). Through a mixed methodology, a descriptive and explanatory analysis was conducted based on written and oral productions of B1-level students at the University of Baghdad.The results show that factors such as interference from the native language (Arabic) and English, as well as grammatical differences between Spanish and Arabic, generate difficulties in the correct use of unstressed pronouns. A contrastive teaching approach is proposed that takes advantage of students' cognitive abilities to highlight similarities and differences between both languages.This stu

One of the main significant purposes of learning the English language is the need to have an effective communication allowing for exchange and transmitting information. As a basic form of human communication that allows people to connect, communicate, and share experiences with one another is writing skill. Through practicing trainable abilities like speaking, and writing, adaptation skills are required to overcome issues that develop in unfamiliar environments. Learners must be cognitively flexible to reconstruct and adjust to these situations' demands. This study aims at looking into the level of cognitive flexibility and writing abilities of Iraqi EFL university students. It also seeks to determine how these two variables are related. It

Many athletes believe that it enhances the level of performance during training and competition, in addition to compensating for fluids during exercise when the levels of temperature and humidity in the atmosphere rise during the athlete's intensive training, as it increases the requirements for fluid compensation to avoid the risk of potential thermal disorders. If training continues for more than an hour causing fatigue, athletes are advised to drink carbohydrate drinks that quickly convert to glucose in the blood, while sodium should be included in the fluids consumed during exercise or matches that last more than (1-2 hours). The effect of drinking a drink containing 12% carbohydrates and electrolytes before each half of a simul

نشأ الانسان منذ بدأ الخليقة محباً للجمال بما يراه من حوله في الطبيعة وكان حريصاً على تزيين نفسه ومنزله بجلود الحيوانات أذ كان السجاد في مراحله الأولى بدائية حتى بلغت الذورة عندما أكتسى السجاد خملة زادته فائدة بأن جعلته أكثر مقاومة وأكثر حفظاً للدفء (الجبوري،2001 ، ص10)وأن التطور الهائل في العلم في هذه السنوات أدى الى أستخدام الكثير من المنتجات والوسائل التي سهلت على الأنسان الكثير من أمور حياته (العبود،2008،ص12) “

Background: Female basketball players often face difficulties in maintaining free throw accuracy, particularly under psychological and neural pressure. Traditional training emphasizes physical skills, often neglecting cognitive and neurophysiological factors essential for precision performance. Objective: This study examined the effect of neurofeedback training on free throw accuracy in female basketball players at the University of Baghdad, comparing outcomes between an experimental group and a control group, and assessing associated neural changes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design involved two groups: an experimental group receiving neurofeedback to regulate brainwave activity, and a control group undergoing traditional traini