The current study was aimed at case recording and molecular detection of infectious coryza in chickens. Samples were collected and identified for Avibacterium paragallinarum from about 68 poultry farms for eight months from different five provinces Baghdad, Diyala, Babil, Salahuddin, and Wasit from different flock layers and broilers. Diagnosis of bacterial colonies was first done by isolation and microbiological and biochemical tests. From 15 nasal samples of respiratory sinus cases of chicken,6 isolates were A. paragallinarum, additionally, PCR technique was used to confirm A. paragallinarum, the results for these bacteria in this study were detected

     This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of chrysophanol derived from Trichoderma viride against some plant pathogenic fungi. A total of 160 infected plant samples were collected during the agricultural season of 2020-2021 from six plastic houses: two plastic houses (tomato plants) in Al-Rashidiya district, two plastic houses (eggplant plants) in Al-Nahrawan district and two plastic houses (cucumber plants) in Abu Ghraib district, Baghdad governorate. Five species of phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected plants and identified depending on morphological and microscopic characteristics. The results of microscopic examination showed that there were two species (Fusarium

     Breast tumor is the most common lesion among women. This study was designed to investigate the role of apolipoproteins A1 and B (ApoA1 and B) as risk factors in the progression in blood serum of benign and malignant breast tumors patients. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were utilized to calculate apolipoproteins A1 and B levels in the serum of forty women with benign breast tumors (age range 16–65 years), forty women with malignant breast tumors (age range 33–75 years), and forty healthy women (age range 24 to 54 years) as a control group. The study included two groups of patients diagnosed with malignant breast tumors: stage II (low-level) and stages III and IV (high-level). The results of the cur

Through the application of a Dirichlet boundary condition and under an additional integral-type condition, the recovery of the time-dependent coefficient in a one -dimensional parabolic equation is investigated in this paper. When data is entered, the solution is affected to a precarious status during exposure to random errors and noise. The Crank-Nicolson finite difference approach is implemented for the direct solution of the problem, while nonlinear numerical optimization is employed for the inverse problem. lsqnonlin, the MATLAB routine optimization tool, is applied to compute the last problem. The Tikhonov regularization approach must be used to produce smooth, stable answers. The evaluation and comparison with their identi

     The presence of antimicrobials and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB), in the aquatic environment is becoming a cause of great concern as the possibility of the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, even superbugs, is increasingly posing problems to the environment and human health. The main objectives of this study were to analyse the antibiogram profile, calculate the multiple antibiotic resistance indices, and assess the co-occurrence of resistance to several antibiotics in the isolates. Samples were collected from four sites: S1 Al-Muthana Bridge, S2 Al-Sarrafia Bridge, S3 Al-Senak Bridge, and S4 Al-Jadriyah Bridge from November 2023 until July 2024. This investigation included 32 Escherichia coli and 1

This paper proposes an optimized Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (DRNNs) for health care in IoT systems by selecting effective features and effective weight initialization based on genetic algorithm, to overcome the obstacles to training deep recurrent neural networks with restricted training data in feature space with high-dimensionality, such as over-fitting and vanishing/exploding gradients. Genetic algorithm is adopted for feature selection then the initial weights of the feature extraction layers are utilized to train the DRNNs, with the weights from the first stage of the feature selection layer being fixed. To enhance the network structures and determine the learning parameters, 10-fold cross-validation is employed. Performance eva

This paper aims present the main concepts of e*S-supplement submodules, weak e*S-supplement submodules, e*S-supplemented modules, weakly e*S-supplemented modules, cofinitely e*S-supplemented modules, and ⊕e*S-supplemented modules, as popularization of the concepts of supplement submodules, weakly supplement submodules, supplemented modules, weakly supplemented modules, cofinitely supplemented modules, and ⊕-supplemented modules respectively. We will prove some characteristics of these concepts.

This study encompasses the petrography, lithofacies analysis, and depositional development of the Zubair Formation in four boreholes (Ru-X1, R-X2, WQ-X1, WQ-X2) located within the Rumaila and West-Qurna oil fields. The Zubair Formation depositional basin was located in the Mesopotamian Foredeep during the Barremian age.

Zubair succession mainly consists of sandstone, specifically quartz arenite (or orthoquartzite), with about 93% or more quartz grains. Rocks containing over 20% lithic-fragments and minor feldspars are classified as lithic-arenites, and those containing over 30% clay content along with minor lithic fragments are classified as greywackes. Five main lithofacies have been identified within two dominant rock groups acr

The increasing prevalence of free radical-related diseases has led to a greater reliance on herbal medicines, such as Moringa oleifera (ML), as antioxidants. However, limited evidence exists regarding the combined effect of herbal and conventional antioxidants on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.  This research assessed simplisia characterization, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity of ML water extract (ML-WE), and serum MDA levels in animal models using ELISA. Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: a negative control, a positive control, and five treatment groups. All treatment groups were exposed to lead for seven days, followed by supplementation with either ML-WE (200 mg/kg BW), vitamin C (36 m

     Alkaloids were deliberated  in the leaves and callus of Datura stramonium L. to  evaluate different nano-stimulated treatments to augment  bioactive substances in the callus. Datura callus cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 1 mg/L and benzyl adenine (BA) at 0.5 mg/L. The results recorded a maximum callus fresh and dry weight (547.56 and 50.76 mg, respectively). The HPLC assay detected three alkaloids from the callus and leaves of D. stramonium . The analysis displayed that the callus cultures that developed on the cultural medium were lacking manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO₂-NPs), recorded valuable content of h

الهدف من الدراسة هو معرفة أثر استراتيجيات التفكير البصري (VTS) على تحصيل طلاب الكلية في مهارات الاتصال باللغة الإنكليزية. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استخدام التصميم البعدي التجريبي. وتمثلت العينة بـ (70) من طلاب المرحلة الثانية بقسم اللغة الإنجليزية بكلية التربية. وقد تم اختيارهم عشوائياً وتقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين: المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة (35) طالباً في كل مجموعة. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم بناء اختبار تحصيلي لمهارا

   Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has attracted interest in the academic and industrial fields to meet new, stringent environmental legislation and produce environmentally friendly fuel.  In this work, catalytic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) compounds in diesel fuel is studied using a co-magnetic active oxide over an activated carbon (Fe₂O₃ + MnO₂/AC) catalyst. DBT oxidation reactions are conducted in new oscillatory and non-oscillatory baffled reactors (OBR and NOBR). New central baffles for handling catalyst particles as a fixed bed in the OBR are developed for the first time. ODS process is examined using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant under dif

   A clean environment and human health depend on removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. Ecosystems and public health are seriously threatened by heavy metal ions, such as nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). For example, because of its toxic effects, cadmium is only permitted at 0.005 mg/L in drinking water, while lead has a maximum permissible concentration of 0.015 mg/L. Heavy metal ions have been extracted from various wastewater types using methods such as adsorption, membrane filtration, chemical addition, electrochemical treatment, and photocatalysis. Nevertheless, conventional techniques frequently encounter obstacles like exorbitant operating expenses and restricted effectiven

   Over the past decade, sustainable bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant scientific attention. However, challenges related to synthesis efficiency and environmental impact remain major concerns. In this study, we present the green synthesis of bimetallic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a natural, eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, confirming their successful formation, uniform morphology, and homogeneou

   This study presented Intelligent Network's proposed methodology for forecasting the effectiveness of cadmium removal from wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). The research examined the removal of cadmium from an aqueous solution in the internal phase of water-in-oil emulsions. ELM was composed of kerosene as the membrane phase, Span 80 as the surfactant, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D₂EHPA) as the extracting agent, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the stripping solution. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of five parameters: surfactant concentration, feed-phase agitation speed, internal-to-membrane phase volume ratio, emulsion-to-feed volume ratio, and stripping-phase concentration in the

   Understanding capillary pressure profiles during gas-brine coreflooding is essential for analyzing fluid behavior in porous media, particularly in gas reservoirs. Direct measurement of capillary pressure in dynamic displacement experiments relies on evaluating the balance between capillary forces and pressure gradients within the porous structure. In this experimental study three rock samples were taken from a natural gas reservoir located on Australia's Northwest Shelf. Experiments were conducted under simulated reservoir conditions (~ 41.37 MPa and 368.15 K) to investigate the effects of pore size, porosity, and water saturation on the capillary pressure profile. The capillary pressure curves (Samples C1–C3) reveal distinct dyna

   Concentration polarization is a critical problem for nanofiltration membranes, as it reduces permeate flux and increases operating costs. This study aims to assess the efficacy of air spraying technology as an innovative approach to enhance nanofiltration membrane performance, specifically in water treatment. The methodology focused on conducting comprehensive trials using simulated water and on implementing air-spraying technology at flow rates ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 liters per minute. The membrane's performance was tested under a range of conditions, including varied input concentrations (2,000 to 15,000 ppm), pressures (4 to 6 bar), water flow rates, and temperatures (20 and 32°C). The results showed that adding air efficiently

   Greenfield development planning is a challenging problem due to the complex objective function and the large number of variables. While stochastic algorithms and data-driven offline surrogate models have been used to locate and control wells, these methods often require a large number of runs or fail to reach an accurate optimal solution. For this reason, the current study aimed to develop a dynamic surrogate model updated after each evaluation, referred to as an active learning model. In this study, deepEnsemble and gaussian process (GP) algorithms were applied as an active alternative model. This approach was compared with optimization algorithms directly coupled with real simulations, where algorithms such as genetic algorithms (

   Swelling is recurring challenges, which can lead to formation damage and compromising the wellbore integrity. Synergizing nanomaterials with their distinctive properties, alongside cost-effective materials, can provide a significant approach in enhancing the treatment of wellbore stability. This study employs a green, simple, and economical approach for the biosynthesis of SiO₂/KCl/Xanthan nanocomposites (NCs), aimed at reducing swelling and improving the rheological and filtration properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids (WBDFs). The impact of SiO₂/KCl/Xanthan nanocomposite on swelling was assessed, followed by a comprehensive investigation into fluid’s filtration and rheological properties, including apparent viscosity, pla

   The green synthesis of nanoparticles and activated carbon has attracted researchers' interest due to its rapid, cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly nature. In this paper, the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) from Ficus carica leaf and their extracts for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions. activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from Ficus carica leaves using a pyro-carbonic acid microwave method. In contrast, nickel oxide nanoparticles were produced using leaf extracts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The manufactured activated carbon and NiO nanoparticles were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy with ene

The induced electrochemical-Fenton (I-EF) process is one of the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) that has been recently applied to treat various types of wastewaters. In this work, the I-EF process, comprising a graphite/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃ anode, an iron-screen-induced electrode, and an air-diffusion cathode, was used to treat petroleum refinery wastewater. The effects of current density (2-10 mA/cm²), pH (3-7), and the number of screens on the induced electrode (1 and 4) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. Results showed that increasing pH improved COD removal, whereas increasing current density beyond 3 mA/cm2 reduced it. Increasing the screen number also enhanced the

   Gas lift is one of the most important artificial lift methods for increasing oil production, as wells often require this method after the reservoir's energy has decreased. In this research, an optimal gas lift system is designed for five horizontal wells in the Ahdab oil field, which suffers from low production. At the same time, water cut in some of these wells reaches 66%, while the productivity index is low in others, which makes the challenges clear, and a deep analysis is needed to find an optimal system. The Pipesim program is used to design the optimal gas lift system, which contains features that facilitate the implementation of the appropriate design and provide the ability to analyze and determine the optimal design values

   This research paper uses pipesim software to reproduce and evaluate well performance, comparing vertical and horizontal wells using hydraulic fracturing. It examines the impact of key parameters, such as fracture length, width, permeability, and fracture number, on production improvement. In low-permeability reservoirs, simulation studies indicate that horizontal wells often achieve higher production rates than vertical wells, largely due to improved reservoir and fracture connectivity. Productivity in the vertical well increased to 300(stb/d), while in the horizontal well, it increased to over 9,000 (stb/d) after using hydraulic fracturing. The results indicate that fracture width has less of an impact on the performance of vertica

      This study investigated the textural properties of 13X zeolite, FeX zeolite, TiO₂/FeX zeolite, ZnO/FeX zeolite, and TiO₂+ZnO/FeX zeolite using nitrogen adsorption-desorption data at consistent low temperatures. The adsorption-desorption isotherm indicated that the studied materials have a type IV mesoporous structure, as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The results of nitrogen adsorption data analysis using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller models indicated that the data were best described by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model. The Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda model was used to analyze the pore size distribution, pore diameter, and average pore volume of

   The photocatalysis oxidation process is a promising technology within the series of advanced oxidation processes, which implements light-induced catalysts to generate strong oxidative species to eliminate organic pollutants from wastewater treatment. The Ag₂O@CuO photocatalyst was successfully prepared by the co-precipitation method. The developed photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The Ag₂O@CuO efficiency was examined in the photocatalysis degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a cation

   This work examines the kinetic behavior of Dodonaea viscosa during microwave-assisted pyrolysis as a means of addressing the limited insight regarding how biomass degradation pathways are affected by non-conventional heating. Thermogravimetric data were analyzed using both model-fitting (Coats–Redfern) and model-free (Friedman and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose) methods to provide a thorough analysis. Results indicated that a third-order kinetic model appropriately described the general trend of decomposition; in contrast, iso-conversional analyses verified a multi-stage sequence with the activation energy declining during volatile yields and increasing at elevated conversion levels as a result of carbonaceous residue decomposition.

   Carbon capture and storage technologies are crucial in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the enhancement of CO₂ absorption through refining amine blends, specifically diethylenetriamine (DETA) with monoethanolamine (MEA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with MEA at different concentrations and employing chemical promoters to boost the performance of the gas treatment system. The behaviour of these amines was evaluated by the impact of mixing DETA and MEA across different concentrations. The results showed that the removal efficiency increased with increasing DETA concentration. Similarly, the TEPA-MEA blend was investigated, demonstrating an increase in removal efficiency with increasing TEPA c

Robots have become an essential part of modern industries in welding departments to increase the accuracy and rate of production. The intelligent detection of welding line edges to start the weld in a proper position is very important. This work introduces a new approach using image processing to detect welding lines by tracking the edges of plates according to the required speed by three degrees of a freedom robotic arm. The two different algorithms achieved in the developed approach are the edge detection and top-hat transformation. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ANFIS was used to choose the best forward and inverse kinematics of the robot. MIG welding at the end-effector was applied as a tool in this system, and the wel

Background: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) affect 1-3% of the population and impose substantial pain-related morbidity, yet vascular pain remains underrecognized in clinical practice and research.

Objectives: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for VLU-associated pain.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (January 2015-July 2025) following SANRA guidelines. Search terms included "vascular pain", "venous leg ulcer", "chronic venous disease" and related terminology. Studies addressing pathophysiology, clinical charac