In this paper, we proposed a new class of Weighted Rayleigh Distribution based on two parameters, one is scale parameter and the other is shape parameter which introduced in Rayleigh distribution. The main properties of this class are derived and investigated in . The moment method and maximum likelihood method are used to obtain estimators of parameters, survival function and hazard function. Real data sets are collected to investigate two methods which depend it in this study. A comparison was made between two methods of estimation.

This study was aimed to testing 25 genotypes (5 parents + 10 diallel + 10 reciprocal crosses) using full Diallel mating design in winter season 2021-2022 for F₂ generation of common wheat, in two locations. The first was in Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences; University of Sulaimani located (Lat 35° 34′; N, Long 45° 21′; E, 765 MASL), the second was in Koya Agricultural Station-Ministry of Agricultural (Lat 36° 04′; N, Long 44° 37′; E, 582 MASL). The results of the study confirmed that the mean squares of genotypes was highly significant for all characters in both locations, the same for the mean squares for gca with the exception of grain weight plant^-1

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on biochemical and immunological in common carp Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (75±10g) were randomly stocked into five treated groups in duplicate as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet.Results indicated that The highest albumin content was found in T1 which showed a significant increase (P≤0.5) compared to C+

The current study was aimed to ascertain the impact of ciprofloxacin, an acidifier acid, and a Bacillus subtilis on immunological function and growth efficiency after a starter-phase challenge with Salmonella pullorum. 250 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were put into five groups of fifty each, all groups except the fifth group, orally challenged with S. pullorum at one day old, and provided with a supplement in drinking water after three days as follow G1: treated with B. subtilis (2×10⁷ CFU/g) (250 g/1000 L). G2: treated with acidifier acid (0.5-1 ml/L). G3: treated with ciprofloxacin 10% (0.5 ml/L). G4: only infected with S. pullorum. G5: control negative. Th

This study was aimed to determine the optimum conditions of urease extracted from different plant sources and evaluate its biochemical properties. Eighteen types of plants commonly used namely Tomato, Chickpea, Sesame, Mustard, Lebbeck, Watermelon, Soybean, Cotton, Male Iraqi berries, Female Iraqi berries, Indian berries, Pumpkin, Muskmelon, Legumes, Cowpea, Radish, Pisum and Phaseolus were taken and tested for the presence and activity of urease. Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) was selected as the plant source with highest specific enzymatic activity among them (2.51 U/mg protein) when extracted the enzyme after ground seeds using 0.15 M of tris base buffer pH 8.5 at a ratio 1:10 (w:v) fo

 The research aimed to study the effect of natural and nano zinc oxide on some growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Seven treatments were used, including the control without any addition, the second, third and fourth treatments by adding nano-zinc oxide at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg feed, respectively, and the fifth, sixth and seventh treatments by adding natural zinc oxide in the same concentrations above. The results showed that the fourth treatment was superior to the traits of the total weight gain, daily growth rate, relative and specific growth rate over the other treatments, which is an indication that the fis

This research investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial efficacy of Ipomoea pes-caprae extracts collected from Pantai Talang Siring Pamekasan, Madura. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins in the extracts, indicating their rich bioactive profile. Antioxidant activity assessed via the DPPH assay demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging of free radicals, with methanol and ethanol extracts exhibiting superior activity compared to the aqueous extract. Antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus revealed significant inhibitory effects, with methan

Since phosphorus (P) is lower in agricultural areas with acid sandy soil, it runs out in different parts of crop plants after harvesting. To boost growth and development in the next cropping system, only overuse of inorganic phosphate fertilizers can adversely affect agricultural sustainability. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi like Candida tropicalis play a role in plant P nutrition through soil P dynamics and growth hormones. Three PSF isolates (Sw01, Pu02, and Pu04) from bulk soil of fresh corn were tested for optimal media and incubation times. The results showed that Sw01 produced the highest population of 593.33×10⁸CFU L⁻¹ when cultured<

Barley is the second cereal crop grown after wheat in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Low rainfall and high-temperature impact barley yields. A study investigating an F₃ population of 100 segregated lines derived from a cross between Clipper, an Australian cultivar known for its high yield, and Local black, a cultivar recognized for its stress tolerance. The segregated F₃ lines were assessed under two different environmental conditions at the Grdarash research station in Erbil and the Qlyasan research station in Sulaimani. The field trial data for the F₃ population experienced analysis of variance and normality tests. Direct selection of high-yielding genotypes is challenging due to the complexity o

This study aimed to assess the role of kaolin in reducing the adverse effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosain common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Specifically, the histopathological alterations in kidney, spleen and liver were investigated.   Firstly, P. aeruginosa was isolated from infected fish. A total of 100 fish (40.8 ± 2 g)were divided into five groups in duplicate (10 fish in each replicate) as:control healthy (C-) group uninfected and without kaolin treatment; (C+): fish were infected with P. aeruginosa and without kaolin treatment. Group T1,   T2 and T3 fish were infected experimentally with P. aeruginosa (LD₅₀₌ 2±0.2×10⁹ CFU ml^-1),

The importance of Baghdad city as the capital of Iraq and the center of the attention of delegations because of its long history is essential to preserve its environment. This is achieved through the integrated management of municipal solid waste since this is only possible by knowing the quantities produced by the population on a daily basis. This study focused to predicate the amount of municipal solid waste generated in Karkh and Rusafa separately, in addition to the quantity produced in Baghdad, using IBM SPSS 23 software. Results that showed the average generation rates of domestic solid waste in Rusafa side was higher than that of Al-Karkh side because Rusafa side has higher population density than Al-Karkh side. T

Using the Neural network as a type of associative memory will be introduced in this paper through the problem of mobile position estimation where mobile estimate its location depending on the signal strength reach to it from several around base stations where the neural network can be implemented inside the mobile. Traditional methods of time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS) are used and compared with two analytical methods, optimal positioning method and average positioning method. The data that are used for training are ideal since they can be obtained based on geometry of CDMA cell topology. The test of the two methods TOA and RSS take many cases through a nonlinear path that MS can move through tha

     The research deals with an evolutionary-based mutation with functional annotation to identify protein complexes within PPI networks. An important field of research in computational biology is the difficult and fundamental challenge of revealing complexes in protein interaction networks. The complex detection models that have been developed to tackle challenges are mostly dependent on topological properties and rarely use the biological  properties of PPI networks. This research aims to push the evolutionary algorithm to its maximum by employing gene ontology (GO) to communicate across proteins based on biological information similarity for direct genes. The outcomes show that the suggested method can be utilized to improve the

Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic, but can have severe consequences if it occurs in immunodeficient subject or fetuses. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is often based on maternal serological testing for IgM and IgG anti- Toxoplasma antibodies. Persistence of IgM for long periods, posses’ problems in distinguishing acute from chronic infection. The evaluation of specific IgG avidity enables more accurate dating, since avidity rises progressively during the course of infection.
Seventy six women in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy were screened for VIDAS IgM, IgG antibodies and VIDAS toxo-IgG avidity. Low avidity antibodies were demonstrated in 2 (33.3%) of 6 sera positive with IgM assay and 4 (12.12%) of sera pos

تعُد المدة التي خدم بها جيمس كالاهان سكرتيرًا برلمانيًا وماليًا للأميرالية (1950-1951)، ثم نشاطه البرلماني خلال حكومة الظل (1951-1964) حاسمة في بناء مسيرته السياسية، فبصفته سكرتيراً برلمانياً ومالياً للأميرالية، كان مسؤولاً عن الجوانب الإدارية والمالية للبحرية الملكية البريطانية، وقد تضمن عمله الإشراف على الميزانيات والنفقات المتعلقة بالبحرية، فاكسبه عمله في اللأميرالية خبرة حكومية قيمة في مستويات عليا قبل أن ي

  في الفترة 1896و1933،مرت النقود في العراق بتحولات كبيرة خلال الحكم العثماني،كانت الليرة العثمانية العملة الرسمية،الى جانب استخدام بعض العملات الأجنبية.بعد الاحتلال البريطاني عام 1917،ثم ادخال الروبية الهندية كعملة متداولة في عام 1920،أنشى الانتداب البريطاني على العراق،مما زاد من الاعتماد على النظام النقدي البريطاني.وفي عام 1931،أنشى مجلس العملة العراقي تمهيداً الإصدار عملة وطنية واخيراً في عام 1932أصدرت أول ع

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that produces characteristic abnormalities in routine blood tests, yet these hematologic changes are typically analysed separately for each parameter rather than as a combined multivariate profile. This study investigated whether the joint hematologic profile of adult dengue patients in Bangladesh is systematically displaced from healthy adult reference values. We analysed a cohort of laboratory-confirmed adult dengue cases from a Bangladeshi hospital and focused on four core hematologic indices: haemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count, and platelet distribution width (PDW). External adult reference means were used to define a healthy location vector, and robust multivariate infer

Olfactory impairment and abnormal frontal EEG oscillations are recognized as early markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using a publicly available olfactory EEG dataset of 35 subjects spanning normal cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and AD, each with MMSE scores and demographics, stimulus-locked epochs from four electrodes (Fp1, Fz, Cz, Pz) were processed with wavelet-based time–frequency analysis. Band-limited power ratios (delta, theta, alpha, beta) were computed as log-transformed post-odor/baseline values and aggregated to subject-level features. Statistical analyses revealed graded attenuation of odor-evoked frontal (Fp1) band-power ratios across groups, with significant differences in several band–od

يهدف هذا المستلخص ابراز الجوانب المهمة والجوهرية في دراستنا لمدينة كرخ جدان , من خلال تناول الموقع الجغرافي و أصل التسمية فضلا عن ادوارها العسكرية واحوالها السياسية ومدى تأثير ذلك على المناطق المجاورة والاحوال العامة للعراق خلال العصر العباسي , وتشير الدراسة الى ان دور هذه المدينة قد برز خلال حكم العباسيين في بغداد , وتزايد ذكرها في المصادر والمدونات التاريخية خلال العباسيين في بغداد , وفضلا عن ذلك نشير الى

      يعد التاريخ السري للمغول من أهم المصادر التاريخية التي تناولت نشأة الدولة المغولية وتطورها الداخلي ,وهو النص الوحيد الذي كتب بلغة مغولية أصلية في القرن الثالث عشر الميلادي ,تكمن اهميته في كونه يقدم رؤية من داخل البيت المغولي ذاته , لا من منظور خارجي كما هو الحال في المرويات الصينية او الفارسية او الاسلامية ,مما يجعل تحليله اداة ضرورية لفهم البنية السياسية والاجتماعية والفكرية لتلك المرحلة .<

          استهدفت الدراسة إلى إيضاح قضية لوكربي عام 1988 ، والمتمثلة بانفجار طائرة أمريكية فوق    قرية لوكربي في اسكتلندا ، و قتل ما يقارب (270 ) شخصاً على متنها ، وبينت صحيفتي الجمهورية والثورة العراقيتان من عام 1988 – 1992 موقفها الرسمي من تفجير طائرة بان الأمريكية رحلة (103) ،إذ اتسم بالخطاب السياسي بالحذر ، لكن مع تطور الأحداث بدأ التصعيد الإعلامي الدولي في دراسة قضية حادثة لوكربي ، فقد و

The experiment was carried out in southwest Baghdad during fall season 2021 and spring season 2022 that aimed to study the effect of biological inoculation, phosphate fertilization and spraying with Brasinolide on the growth and production of industrial potato of the Arsenal cultivar , the experiment carried out as a three-factors experiment (4 × 3 × 3) in (RCBD), bio-fertilizers distributed into main plot and interaction between phosphorus levels and Brassinolide growth regulator within sub plot using three replicates Bio-fertilizers included Aspergillus niger fungus alone and Bacillus Megaterium bacteria alone and the combination between them. Phosphorus treatments included three levels (0.100, 200) kg p₂

This study was aimed to investigate variations in some soil properties characteristics of green spaces soils within Baghdad Island Park and Al-Zawraa parks in Baghdad province, Iraq, due to the variation in used management methods. Soil samples were obtained from 22 locations in each park at 0-30 cm depth using a GARMEN GPS device (Oregon650t). Satellite images (Landsat 8 satellite and an OLI sensor) were captured with a 30 x 30 m² spatial resolution. The research aims to study the effect of the management method of the two parks (BID and Al-Zawra) on some soil pedological characteristics. The results showed a variation in the spatial distribution of the soil texture classes at each park due to particle size distribution varia

الآثار يختص بدراسة آثار الحضارتين الإغريقية (اليونانية) والرومانية القديمة. ويهدف إلى رصد المسار التاريخي لنشأة هذا التخصص وتطورهُ في أوربا بشكلٍ خاص؛ بدايةً من تشكلهِ كحقلٍ معرفيٍ مستقل خلال عصر النهضة، ثم تطورهُ في مدة عصر التنوير والقرن التاسع عشر، وصولاً إلى التطورات الحديثة التي طرأت عليه في القرنين العشرين والحادي والعشرين. كما يركز البحث على الأهمية الأساسية لهذا التخصص في الكشف عن الموروث الثقافي

تناول هذا البحث موقف ليبيا من تطورات القضية الفلسطينية (2002- 2011) عبر خمس مراحل مترابطة: الموقف الليبي من انتفاضة الاقصى عام 2000 , الموقف الليبي من مشروع المبادرة العربية والاعتراف بالدولة الفلسطينية وعاصمتها القدس الشريف 2002, الموقف الليبي من الانتخابات التشريعية الفلسطينية ووفاة ياسر عرفات 2003-2004 , ليبيا وموقفها من الادارة الفسطينية بقيادة حماس 2005-2007, ليبيا وموقفها من الخلافات بين حماس وفتح في ادارة الدولة الفل

إن فكرة  انشاء السدود للسيطرة على مياه فيضان نهر النيل وامكانية الاستفادة  منها ظلت تراود العديد من الحكومات المصرية على مر العصور، اذ حاول محمد على باشا، إقامة بعض السدود والقناطر للتحكم في جزء من مياه الفيضان للاستفادة منها في مشروعات الري استمرت حتى مطلع القرن العشرين اذ تم إنشاء خزان أسوان عام 1902، لكن على  الرغم  من تلك الجهود ظلت نسبة كبيرة من مياه الفيضان تفقد في البحر الابيض المتوسط دون الاس

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتحليل منشورات مجلة النفط والتنمية المتعلقة بتنظيم شؤون نقل النفط العراقي خلال المدة (1975–1990) ، بما يشمل إنشاء الأسطول الوطني ومشاريع الأنابيب الاستراتيجية ، ويبين أثر العوامل السياسية والاقتصادية في هذا القطاع ، كما يوضح أثر الحرب الخليج الأولى على البنية التحتية النفطية ، ومدى فاعلية الاستراتيجيات التي اعتمدها العراق لمواجهة التحديات وضمان استمرار صادراته النفطية.

This study was aimed to investigate Genetically Modified (GM) Soybean and corn, in some foodstuffs, using molecular screening method based on Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR). To achieve that, a total of 60 food product samples containing corn and soy bean were collected from markets of Suleimania /Iraq. PCR was first applied to detect the presence of soybeans and corn using species specific primers. For the general screening of the GM foods, primers targeting the genetic elements that located in the majority of transgenic crops were used, which named NOS terminator and CaMV 35S promoter.   Then primers targets specific events in these crops were used, which are GTS 40-3-2, or (RRS) and B t11 in soybeans and corn respectively. T

Pomegranate is a self-pollinated species crop, and its improvement programmes depend on molecular genetics and phenotypic variation. However, inadequate information on genetic diversity and population structure among pomegranate genotypes from this region and the variations in phytochemicals hinder its improvement. In this study, 40 pomegranate samples were chosen from 11 locations to represent the genetic spectrum from the Halabja Province. The pomegranate samples were tested using 23 Hypervariable SSRs (HvSSRT) and 19 newly developed Chloroplast SSRs (cpSSR) markers. The highest values of pH (4.40), TSS (16.774 °Brix), density (1066.5 kg/m³), glucose (72.408 mg/ml), fructose (60.071 mg/ml), cyanidin-3-glucoside (71.984 mg/L