Global technological advancements drive daily energy consumption, generating additional carbon-induced climate challenges. Modifying process parameters, optimizing design, and employing high-performance working fluids are among the techniques offered by researchers for improving the thermal efficiency of heating and cooling systems. This study investigates the heat transfer enhancement of hybrid “Al2O3-Cu/water” nanofluids flowing in a two-dimensional channel with semicircle ribs. The novelty of this research is in employing semicircle ribs combined with hybrid nanofluids in turbulent flow regimes. A computer modeling approach using a finite volume approach with k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model was used in these simu

  ان استعمال اساليب تدريبية  متنوعة وحديثة الهدف منها امتلاك اللاعبين قدرات بدنية وحركية ومهاريه  عالية تمكنهم من الاداء المثالي اثناء التدريب والمنافسة. ويمتاز التدريب على الاستراتيجيات  التهدئة القمية  باعتباره من الوسائل التدريبية التي لما لها مكتسبات تدريبية نت خلال اختلاف الشدد واساليب الهبوط بالحمل التدريبي. اذ ارتأت الباحثتان استخدام  استراتجيتي التهدئة القمية والتعرف على اثارها التي تنعكس ب

This investigation pertains to the evaluation of water quality in SAWA Lake, located in the Al-Muthanna province of Southern Iraq, from 1977 to 2020. Understanding the water quality and assessments of this Lake is of great importance. The Lake is home to small, transparent, blind fish measuring approximately 10 cm and is often referred to as the "wonderful" or "strange" Lake due to its many unique features. The study focuses on several elements to represent water quality, including total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and temperature (T), which were measured directly in the field. Additionally, scientific concepts such as K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, HCO

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed form of malignant tumour in Iraqi women. Tamoxifen and trastuzumab are highly effective adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

This study's objectives were to define the patient's belief in tamoxifen or trastuzumab when used as adjuvant therapy and to determine the variation in belief between the two medications in a sample of Iraqi breast cancer patients.

The cross-section survey was conducted using the BMQ-Specific questionnaire. Ninety-seven participants (sixty-seven tamoxifen, thirty trastuzumab) participated in this study.

The mean of specific-necessity scale for tamoxifen was (3.7) and for trastuzumab (4). The findings showed a high necessity for both medicines, and there wer

There is no doubt that improving of economic performance of farms by using various factors of production available increases the participation rate of the agricultural sector in the GDP. The challenges those facing activity of beekeeping led to the departure of production units of this activity to achieve optimal productivity, which is employing economic resources used, and the level of economic and technical efficiency of these resources, so analyze the production economies and determine the level of technical efficiency are contribute a lot about the extent of the contribution of economic resources used in production and diagnose bugs and shortcomings down to put processors to ensure achieving the optimal use. The study aimed t

This expereament was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq, during 2014, using two types of explants (Shoot tips and nod segments) in the establishment stage. The highest percentage of shoot /explant (100%) was obtained from Stockton Morello rootstock on both media, while 96.88% was recorded with WPM (Woody plant medium) from nodal segment in F12/1 Mazzard and (87.5%) was observed from shoot tip in Mohaleb. While the highest shoot number with three rootstocks (24.50, 24.38 and 22.25 shoot /explant) with Stockton Morello, F12/1 Mazzard and Mahaleb respectively, were recorded from nodal segment with WPM. While the lowest numb

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the administration of oleobiotic to the drinking water of Japanese quails. Three different concentrations ofoleobiotic (0, 30 or 50 ml/1000L) were administrated in the drinking water and provided to the birds for 5 weeks. Throughout the five weeks experimental period, there was no significant effect of oelobiotic on the performance parameters including (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and FCR) of Japanese quail. The liver was heavier and there was a tendency of spleen to be heavier by rising levels of oleobiotic. Among the measured biochemical parameters of serum, the concentration of albumin increased in the birds that received the medi

Bacterial starter Lactobacillus plantarum at concentration of 5% was added to the pastarma which was manufactured by using buffalo meat at ratio of 3 meat: 1fat. The fermentation process was done at 37 C^o and relative humidity of 80-85% for 48 hours for each inoculated sample. After this process, spices and garlic were added, the pastrama was stuffed in natural covers. The pastrama was matured at 15-17 C^o and relative humidity degree of 75-80% for 3 weeks. This study was carried out for following effect of the bio preservation by using Lactobacillus plantarum in the buffalo meat pastarma the microbial tests of the meat mixture showed that the total count of microorganisms, coliform

In this study, soil samples were collected from two locations: Samawa and Rumetha in southern Iraq. The samples from each location were split into two datasets: calibration set and validation set. A representative soil sample for each location was chosen for application of 5 levels of potassium phosphate fertilizer in 3 replications. Vis-NIR reflectance (350-2500 nm) and GIS-Kriging were used in combination with Partial Least Square (PLS) to predict soil available P. According to the results of this study, three wavelength regions were reported as a main sensitive bands for soil available P. The best prediction ability was achieved for Rumetha location at 1400-1600 nm with an R² of 0.85, lowest RMSE of 1.405, and lowes

The objective of this research was production, purification and characterization of  Bifidobrevicin-LHM from  Bifidobacterium breve isolated  from women breast Colostrum. The antibacterial activity of crude and purified Bifidobrevicin-LHM on Streptococcus.agalactiae were assayed, also investigated their effect on β-hemolysin activity which is purified from S.agalactiae in vitro .We developed an untried mouse model of acute S.agalactae pneumonia, biochemical, histopathological, microbiological, innate and specific immune response were determined. Purified and  crude Bifidobrevicin-LHM exhibited bactericidal  action against S.agalactiae isolates and its  β-hemolysin activity in vitr

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of protein in quails fed fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger (FPKC). Ninety six three-weeks-old female quails were raised in 16 cages with 60 x 60 x 40 in size of each and 6 quails each. Diets were formulated by yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal, fish meal, bone meal, premix, palm kernel cake and fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks as replications. The treatments were R0 = basal diet as a control diet, R1 = basal diet + 15 % FPKC, R2 = basal diet + 20 % FPKC, R3 = basal diet + 25 % FPKC. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight ga

The objectives of this research are to determine the optimal agricultural plane to achieve the optimum crop combination that maximizes the profits and the total and net agricultural income of the Al-Rasheed / Hamorabi Farm in Baghdad using L.P technique to reach the production volume that maximizes profit to choose the best plan and to increase the efficiency of the use of available resources at the farm level, to optimize the utilization of natural water resources and to protect them from the risk of attrition and to promote their use by deriving mathematical models for use in water needs assessment, including the application of an agricultural rotation to maintain soil fertility. The research has reached a numb

A field trial has been conducted at the fields of Agriculture College/ Salahaddin University- Erbil in order to evaluate the addition of some organic fertilizers to some wheat varieties and their susceptibility to attack by both corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis and wheat thrips, Haplothrips tritici with their predators. Three types of organic fertilizers (livestock manure, poultry manure + plant compost & plant compost) in a rate of (10 m³/ ha) and synthetic fertilizer (NPK) at (0.1 m³/ha) were applied into the soil. There were significant effects of organic farming on decreasing the population density of both

The objective of this research to investigate  the agricultural techniques used by farmers in reducing the losses of wheat and barley crops in the governorates of the central of Iraq. To achieve the research objectives, use descriptive approach, which is one of the research methods The eight governorates of the central region of Iraq were selected except of Salah al-Din and Anbar were excluded due to poor security conditions. Random sampleS of 50% were selected from three governorates covered (Najaf, Karbala, Babylon) with33, agricultural divisions (25%) and 8, agricultural divisions distributed over the governorates were covered by the research. A random sample of 1% of the wheat and barley farmers were selected in the agri

The current investigation was conducted at 2014-2015 to determine the influence of levels and periods of addition of organic matter on Zinc availability in Iraqi calcareous soil. Experiments were conducted as a field experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety was used as a test crop. The entire field was equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions was cultivated to wheat and the second was left uncropped. Effect of five levels of organic matter as a peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ton ha^-1 were determined. Soils were analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected after 3, 30, 60, 90,

Gypsiferous soils in Iraq are suffering from low fertility due to low levels of organic matter and limited availability of nutrients especially phosphorus (P). Therefore, two experiments were conducted to study the impact of combination of low cost phosphate rock (PR) and organic materials (OM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and P status. The first experiment was an incubation experiment which was conducted to determine level of organic carbon (OC) required for the second experiment, this experiment was consisted of two factors the first was level of OC (as sheep manure) applied at nine levels viz: 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and 0.60% of soil weight, the second factor was level of PR (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg P kg

This work was conducted to assess the impact of soil salinization and sodification on natural vegetation and land deterioration in Wadi Al-Shatti, Southern Libya. Fallow soils were very strongly saline with mean EC_e of 111.2 and 68.78 dS m^-1 in crust and surface layers respectively. The cultivated soils were moderately, strongly and very strongly saline with mean EC_e of 14.52 dS m^-1. Sodium was the dominant cations, followed by calcium and magnesium. Chloride was the dominant anion. Very low concentrations of bicarbonate and absence of carbonate was recorded. Sodium chloride was prevalent salt in all samples, followed by calcium sulphate in some and mag

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production , but development of tolerant  genotypes  is hampered by the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of research study was to evaluate the efficiency of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant genotypes under drought  stress  conditions.  Twenty seven bread wheat genotypes differing in yield performance were grown under drought  stress, and normal irrigation  during  2014-2015 growing season, were evaluated in split plot design with three replications Significant and high positive correlation was found between grain yield in the st

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of topping and plant densities on growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) .A field experiment was conducted at the research station of Field Crop Department-  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad,during  two summer seasons (2016 and 2017).This study included two factors using Ranndomiled Complele Block Design within split plot arrangement  .The first factor, regulate growth  through foliar with the growth retardants (pix) at the beginning of flower buds appearance , foliar at the beginning of The flower appearance and growing tips topping at the  beginning of flower buds appearanc

This research was aimed to detect the seasonal phenomenon of the monthly sales of potato crop in Baghdad for the period (January 2010 - December 2015), using the krusskle - Wallis method. The research also aimed to determine the shape of the time series of the monthly sales of the potato crop whether to follow additive or multiplicative model. The problem of the research is presence of the seasonal phenomenon in the monthly sales of the potato crop, which will be reflected in one way or another on the short-term planning process. According to the results obtained, the monthly sales of the potato crop were predicted at 60 observations for the period January 2016 - December 2020, where the results were consistent with those in the

This research aims at predicting the imported quantities of rice in Iraq for the period 2016-2023 through the use of the self-regression model (VAR). The values ​​of explanatory variables (local production, population, national income, local price index, of rice consumption), where the predicted values ​​for each of these variables are estimated separately using the moving average method based on the data of the last 10 years. The research concluded that there is no difference between the actual values ​​and the predicted values ​​in the short term. This is the problem that emerged from the research which is the mismatch between these values. Therefore, the research recommended that the short term forecasts be ado

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determ

This research was conducted to estimate some genetic parameters by using full diallel crosses in maize (Zea mays L.) at Grdarasha Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil. During the spring season of 2015, four diverse maize inbred line seeds were sown and exhibited full diallel cross between them. In fall season 2015, the F1 hybrids with their parental lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed there were highly significant differences among genotypes for almost all of the evaluated traits which were days to 50% tasseling, plant height, ear height,  ear length, no. of rows ear^-1, 150-kernels weight and to

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gene action on grain yield and yield components of maize(Zea mays L.) using generation mean analysis method for six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁,F₂, Bc₁ and Bc₂ )of two crosses of maize (H40×un44052)and (Ik8×Hs). The analysis of variance shows significant differences between generation means. Generation mean analysis revealed that the non-additive effect for plant height, No.of kernels row^-1, 300- kernel weight and grain yield

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of gibberellin and nutrients on growth and yield of potatoes. Factorial experiment (4 × 5) within randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out during two spring seasons (2016 and 2017) on potato plant var. Burren. The experiment for the first season was conducted in the fields of the Ministry of Agriculture while the season was at the fields of Agriculture College University of Baghdad. The experiment included foliar application of gibberellin using different concentrations 0, 50, 100, 200 mg.L^-1 and symbolized as GA3(0), GA3(1), GA3(2) and GA3(3), respectively. The second factor

This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in 200 fecal samples from slaughtered broiler chicken carcasses in the local markets in some areas of Baghdad city (Al-Hurriya, Al -Kadhimiya and Al-Shuala), during March to May 2017. Three diagnostic techniques used (flotation by Sheather's sugar solution, staining with Modified Zeihl-Neelsen stain, and measuring of isolated Cryptosporidium oocysts by ocular micrometer) to determine the type of Cryptosporidium species, and for conform that the isolated species of parasite from infected cases belong to the C.baileyi.  Experimental infection done in, 18 broiler chicken chicks age

This study investigate the effect of concentration of lead ions (Pb²⁺) at 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,20,30, 40,50 and 100 mg L^-1, concentrations of the quantity of the adsorbed Pb on surface of calcium carbonate at a temperature of 298° Kelvin with all other variables remained constant, was carried out and this experiment was conducted in a single batch and using lead nitrate solution . The results showed that quantity of the adsorbed lead increased from 2.6 to 1924 mg kg^-1 Calcium carbonate, and when single and two surface  Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin and Polani equations were applied, they were able to describe lead adsorption on the surface of calcium carbonate at the used concentratio

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a  river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities  1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m^-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47