A model of the sensor nanochip based on germanium/silicon heterostructures (Ge/Si-heterostructures) with Ge quantum dots is suggested. Two-Quasimolecule Spectrum: Infrared radiation can sense the formation of a single exciton quasimolecule. Optical transitions of this state to higher-lying SIE levels lead to the emission of radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum, with the energy of the emitting radiation being ∼70 meV and its normalized intensity ∼0.11. Such a unique type of infrared light can be considered as a strong signature in detection of single exciton quasimolecules in Ge/Si heterostructures. The sensor nanochip model to be proposed would should lay the foundation for both the fundamentals and applications, and the pr

To investigate the structural, electrical, and optical properties of a single layer of two-dimensional mercury selenide (HgSe), density functional theory is used for the analysis of the material. To ensure the monolayer's structural and thermal stability, it is of the utmost importance to ascertain the phonon frequency. Computer simulations based on first principles were used in order to investigate the structural lattice parameter, which is in good agreement with experimental results. The two-dimensional HgSe is dynamically stable according to the positive phonon frequencies. The 2D-HgSe has the semiconductor characteristic of a direct band gap of about 1.731 eV, located at the Γ point. The static dielectric constant is 1.34 for a semi

In this work, the correlation between plasma parameters induced by pulsed laser from copper-aluminium (Cu_1-x:Al_x) targets at varying ratios x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 and the characteristics of the ablated nanoparticles is studied, is investigated. The results show an increase in electron number density (n_e) and plasma temperature (T_e) with increasing pulsed laser energy and target ratio. The crystallite size of Cu and Al in the composite nanoparticles increased with plasma temperature from 12.4 to 17.4 nm, 13.7 to 19.1 nm, and 13.4 to 21.0 nm for Al crystallite, while it increased from 19.8 to 29.1 nm, 15.3 to 23.3 nm, and 12.3 to 18.6 nm for Cu crystallite in the x=0.3, 0.5, 0.7. The higher T

Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), a surfactant frequently incorporated into detergent formulations, typically ends up in wastewater treatment facilities after use. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of bacteria isolated from Iraqi wastewater in removing SLES. Genetic analysis (16S rRNA) revealed that this strain is Klebsiella oxytoca. Three temperatures (30, 35 and 40) ^oC and pH values (5,7 and 9) were selected for this study, and three concentrations of SLES (25, 50, 100) mg/l were used. The SLES anionic surfactant demonstrated that the best biodegradation by Klebsiella oxytoca occurred at 30 ^oC and both pH 7 and 9, while the removal percentage for them was 98.32% and 95.4 %, res

These days, the kidney transplant community widely agrees that BK virus infections are the main driver behind kidney impairment and transplant failures. A total of 110 kidney failure patients were enrolled in this study. Five ml of blood was collected from each patient, the plasma was separated, and then the plasma samples were stored until DNA extraction was performed. Molecular detection of BK was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Urine samples were also obtained for cytological detection and investigation of decoy cell. The results of the PCR technique for the current study revealed that 12 patients were infected with the BK polyoma virus at a prevalence rate of 10.9 %, with 8 infections in males and 4 infections in females, wi

Crime classification and prediction represents a contemporary societal trend aimed at reducing or preventing criminal activities. One such crime is domestic violence, a global phenomenon known as the shadow pandemic or the hidden pandemic. This study aims to analyse data related to domestic violence crimes in Iraq and compare the effectiveness of the Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT) and Naïve Bayes (NB) models using different metrics to develop an accurate model for classifying or predicting the type of domestic violence (physical or non-physical). The research employs a methodological framework that includes several stages. Subsequently, the three classifiers RF, DT, and NB are applied to the dataset to facilitate classification

Shigella is most commonly spread through the fecal-oral route, rather than through contaminated food, water, or swimming pools. A recent study collected 103 fecal samples of Shigella spp. from hospitals and laboratories across Iraq, spanning from July 2022 to June 2023. The samples were sourced from various cities, including Baghdad (65), Nasiriya (14), Babylon (11), Najaf (9), and Kirkuk (4). In this study, we examined Shigella species isolated from diarrhea samples for the presence of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant genes. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) were detected in 96 (93%) and 84 (82%) isolates, respectively. Both genes (tetA and tetB) were detec

Hyperglycemia is recognized as the primary indicator of diabetes. The occurrence of Hyperglycemia results from a combination of contributing factors, such as dietary habits, exercise routines, and overall lifestyle choices. Accumulating evidence showed the hyperglycemia also causes inflammation, which changes the body's cellular and immune systems. Similarly, the acute hyperglycemia increases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Muntingia calabura leaves extracts administration toward the immune system in hyperglycemia-induced high-fat diet in mouse model. Five experimental groups were applied in this study, including the control group, hyperglycemic

This study investigates the effectiveness of mental games in enhancing shooting accuracy among young basketball players. Initially, baseline shooting accuracy was assessed through tests conducted prior to a three-week intervention involving mental games. A follow-up test revealed a significant improvement in participants' shooting accuracy following the intervention. Given the noticeable differences in the new shooting scores compared to the initial assessments, a second set of pre-intervention tests was conducted. These tests reaffirmed the significant enhancement in shooting accuracy, substantiating the hypothesis that mental games positively affect performance. The findings highlight the importance of these intervention programs

Physical Layer Key Generation (PLKG) provides a promising approach for establishing secure cryptographic keys between legitimate parties. However, in static and quasi-static environments, the key generation rate is significantly limited due to the low entropy of the wireless channel. To overcome this, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have been proposed to enhance the channel entropy by altering the phase of incident electromagnetic waves. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a security architecture that integrates a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) base station with a Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (BD-RIS) in multi-user scenarios, in the presence of an eavesdropper. Unlike convent

Reservoir quality assessment is important for detecting hydrocarbon-bearing zones and guiding future enhancement strategies. This study presents a detailed petrophysical evaluation of the Mishrif Formation in the Buzurgan Oilfield, which was selected due to its strategic value through its significant remaining reserves which making it an ideal candidate for advanced evaluation techniques. This study aims for shale content, porosity, permeability, water saturation, net to gross, and lithology determination. Well log and core data were used together to establish accurate property estimations. Permeability prediction through conventional methods, like core permeability-porosity correlations, was highly dispersive due to the

It is well known that drilling challenges, in addition to fluctuating oil prices and increasing competition for production, can contribute to unscheduled field expenditures exceeding one billion U.S. dollars annually. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating geomechanical principles into petroleum engineering, which includes reservoir, drilling, and production operations. A case study was conducted on one well in Rumaila oilfield, located in southern Iraq, to determine the geomechanical properties of carbonate, sandstone, and shale formations. Stress regimes, elastic, and rock strength properties were analyzed. The results showed the stress regime is a strike-slip regime from the Sadi to Zubair formations. The

Thermal comfort in university outdoor spaces is a fundamental requirement for creating a sustainable environment that supports student activities and events, and it is linked to the physical characteristics of the campus. The research problem emerged from a knowledge gap regarding the impact of urban formation on achieving thermal comfort in these spaces. The research assumes that specific urban formation indicators effectively influence users' perceptions of thermal comfort. It aims to analyze the impact of these indicators on improving thermal comfort within the university environment, with a focus on identifying the most effective in achieving thermal balance. A comparative analytical methodology was adopted that incl

This study evaluates the hydraulic performance of Baghdad's water supply network by analysing pressure heads and velocities. In this work, Water-CAD hydraulic models integrated with QGIS were utilized.  The districts 821 and 835 were selected in partnership with Al-Rashid Municipality Water Department, two districts fed from a single source, with the construction period of the two networks differing. They were calibrated in Darwin calibration using field-measured pressure at five and three locations, respectively, achieving coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.99. In District 821, pressure analysis during peak demand revealed that most junctions operated under 7 m H₂O, with 14% exhibiting negative pressure and 84% b

This study proposes a robust control approach for vehicular dynamic system speed control. The proposed method combines a sliding mode controller with a feedback linearization technique. Considering the high nonlinearity of the vehicle dynamic system model, feedback linearization is used to transform the vehicle dynamic system into a linear system. A Lyapunov theorem is used to approve the stability of the proposed controller. Moreover, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller with genetic algorithms is used for comparison. The integral absolute error (IAE) is used as the performance comparison index between controllers. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve excellent performance with high robustness agai

New azo-Schiff base compounds were prepared by different processes using (p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and their role as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel alloy in acidic media such as 0.1 M HCl at 298 K was investigated. Spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR and NMR were used to characterise the compounds, and potentiodynamic polarization curves were employed to evaluate their corrosion inhibition. p-Aminoacetophenone was react withed 2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) acetohydrazide (A1) to prepare N ′-(1-(4-aminophenyl) ethylidene)-2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) acetohydrazide (A2). Azo-Schiff bases (A3-A6) were synthesised by combining the prepared diazonium salts with different phenols. These compo

This work provides a historical overview of water storage tanks used for solar energy collection, with a focus on the impact of different geometric configurations on thermal performance and energy storage efficiency. The designs of cylindrical, spherical, rectangular and triangular tanks were reviewed to analyse their effects on thermal gradients, heat retention and energy storage capacity. Within the scope of nominal processes, the study primarily aimed to identify the factors influencing the choice of tank shape in terms of size, capacity and aspect ratio. Another key objective was to assess what enhances heat storage in the tank to improve thermal efficiency. Comparing cylindrical shapes to other shapes, such as spherical, rectangular

In recent years, the deployment of surveillance cameras has significantly increased to enhance security in public and private spaces. Numerous businesses continue to employ individuals to monitor these cameras. However, unusual and suspicious activities in the video feeds are often overlooked due to the potential for human error. Consequently, manual monitoring of security cameras can be time-consuming and inefficient. This study investigates the application of deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs), to predict violence in surveillance video streams. The proposed CNN model is optimised through the utilisation of gamma correction as a preprocessing step to extract ess

The discarded construction waste materials can be re-used as a new source of aggregate. These wastes, such as clay bricks, can be managed by recycling them into new construction materials after being collected, dried, crushed, and ground for use in concrete production. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using recycled brick waste as sand to produce sustainable reactive-powder-concrete (R-P-C), and to assess the influence of various curing techniques on its mechanical strength. In this study, two sustainable R-P-C mixtures (BM15 and BM30) were prepared, containing 15% and 30% brick waste as sand (BS), as a volume replacement for Sika sand in the reference mixture (RM). The mixtures were cured under three cu

Given the pivotal role that roads play in a nation's development, their construction often entails significant risks and challenges. Therefore, road construction projects must be successfully implemented. Numerous studies have been conducted to discover the key factors affecting road construction projects and their improvement. The aim of this study was to examine and pre-determine the factors affecting the success of road construction. Data was collected from experts in the field of road management to identify the factors influencing road construction projects in Iraq. Data was also used from interviews with road construction project managers. After analyzing this data, the study concluded that there are several externa

ظهر مفهوم التآزر الحضري كرد فعل لما تواجه مراكز المدن الحضرية في ظل التطور الحضري السريع والتحديات المعاصرة والتغيرات المستمرة للمدن من أهمها، إفتقاد مراكزها الحضرية لمعالمها المحددة التي كانت تضفي عليها المعنى الخاص بها كعنصر عمراني حيوي وعلاقة المفهوم بصناعة المكان.  وبذلك تحددت مشكلة البحث بنقص المعرفة حول التنوع الوظيفي للتآزر الحضري وعلاقته بصناعة المكان الابداعي في المراكز الحضرية وفق رؤية معاصرة

This study presents a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based scheme for optimal targeted load shedding and contingency severity assessment in the electric power grid (EPG). The IEEE 14 EPG was used as a testbed. The study identified critical branches and quantitatively evaluated the operational performance of an EPG under base case, outage without and with targeted load shedding schemes, utilizing convergence characteristics, voltage magnitudes and angles, and branch load flows as diagnostic metrics. The base case demonstrated excellent numerical stability, with convergence achieved in fewer than 5 iterations, and all bus voltages maintained within the IEEE standard range. A critical outage scenario caused severe diffic

In this work, a vertical pulsating heat pipe heat exchanger (PHPHE)  was designed for waste heat recovery, exchanging thermal energy between two air streams in a counterflow configuration. The heat exchanger consists of six rows, each row consists of one pulsating heat pipe (PHP), and each PHP has six turns. The working fluid used in the heat pipe was acetone with fill ratios of 50%, 60%, and 70%. The effect of evaporator inlet temperature at 40, 45, and 50°C and air velocity at 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 m/s on the pulsating heat pipes consisting of three sections- evaporator, condenser, and adiabatic, whose dimensions were 25 x 25 x 10 cm, was studied. At the same time, the condenser temperature was maintained at 26°C. The s

Solar energy is considered a sustainable and clean source of power. Even so, solar cells face challenges such as the low efficiency of some systems and the need for large installation areas. Therefore, efforts have been directed toward developing technologies like perovskite solar cells to improve efficiency and reduce the need for large spaces. The experimental work was conducted under outdoor exposure in Baghdad, Al-Jaderia. The readings were taken on selected days, where the atmospheric conditions of clear sky. To study the impacts of temperature variations on solar performance, solar irradiance must be kept constant and vice versa. Therefore, to have a temperature range and for more accuracy, the measurements were do

The quality of drinking water is considered among the most urgent issues worldwide nowadays. Ensuring safe water for human consumption remains the highest priority, while challenges also persist in meeting the water quality needs for industrial and agricultural uses. Most of the relevant studies lack accuracy in assessing water quality. Therefore, this study aims to forecast the quality of drinking water along the Tigris River in Iraq following a new approach. A developed forecasting model that utilizes the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) was deployed. The heuristic optimization tool was utilized for the prediction of the water quality index (WQI) in the research area. Out of twelve water stations, 575 samples

This research aims the effects of negative media on the educational identity of community. Whereas display the concept of educational identity and its basic components, as well as the role of educational institutions for example the school and the family in form it and reinforcing this identity to individuals. The study showcasing the harmful impact of both traditional and modern media on identity and values, spotlight several examples like the promotion of consumerism and materialism through television programs. which results in the young people to adopt materialistic values like simplicity. The study concludes that media is a double-edged weapon: it can instill virtues and support education if used duly, but it can also weaken the educat

Ensuring security, integrity, and reliability of the election process consider as the main challenges in the electronic voting system. This paper describes the e-voting system by integrating the biometric authentication, advanced encryption, and watermarking techniques towards meeting such challenges. The system employs the fingerprint authentication by utilizing the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for verifying the identity of the voter to ensure genuineness and non-repudiation of the service. The vote will be encrypted with the AES-GCM technique to be employed in securing the voting process, thus ensuring both data privacy and integrity. Hybrid Blind Watermarking employs the technique of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) a

This study explores the challenges in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in generating image captions, a task that requires effective integration of computer vision and natural language processing techniques. A comparative analysis between traditional approaches such as retrieval- based methods and linguistic templates) and modern approaches based on deep learning such as encoder-decoder models, attention mechanisms, and transformers). Theoretical results show that modern models perform better for the accuracy and the ability to generate more complex descriptions, while traditional methods outperform speed and simplicity. The paper proposes a hybrid framework that combines the advantages of both approaches, where conventional methods prod

This study has three parts, the first one is the synthesis of a novel Schiff bases by the condensation of guanine or 9-[{2-hydroxyethoxy}methyl]-9H-guanine with variety aldehydes to yield four different bases as follows: (E)-2-((4-nitrobenzylidene)amino)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (S1), (E)-2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (S2), (E)-2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-9-((2-hydroxy ethoxy)methyl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (S3), and (E)-2-(((9-((2-hydroxy ethoxy)methyl)-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl)imino)methyl)benzoic acid (S4). Then, spectroscopic analyses such as Elemental Analysis, UV/VIS, Mass spectra, FTIR, 1H,13C-NMR were made to recognize these bases. In the second part, the ability of synthesized bases to

    In this paper, the ability of using corn leaves as low-cost natural biowaste adsorbent material for the removal of Indigo Carmen (IC) dye was studied. Batch mode system was used to study several parameters such as, contact time (4 days), concentration of dye (10-50) ppm, adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.25) gram, pH (2-12) and temperature (30-60) oC. The corn leaf was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy device before and after the adsorption process of the IC dye and scanning electron microscope device was used to find the morphology of the adsorbent material. The experimental data was imputing with several isotherms where it fits with Freundlich (R2 = 0.9937) and followed pseudo second order kinetic. The hi