Abstract:
Objective: To self-evaluate the effect of SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) educational program on nurse and midwives practices in maternal health report documentation accuracy.
Methods: A quasi- experimental design was carried with the application of pre- post test for nurses and midwives’ knowledge and practices regarding SBAR communication tool. The study was held in Al-Elwia maternity teaching hospital, Al –Karckh maternity hospital and Al-Yarmouk teaching Hospital. purposive sample as it was convenient with inclusion criteria consisted of (84) nurse and midwives. The questionnaire comprised of demographic data, nurses- midwives practices of SBAR using (5) level Likert scale for assessme

يعد سرطان الثدي من اكثر انواع السرطانات التي تصيب النساء في العالم ، وقد تناولت الكثير من الدراسات والبحوث العوامل المسببة لهذا المرض من أجل التوصل للتشخيص المبكر والعلاج الناجح له.

تناولت هذه الدراسة حصراً النوع الخبيث والأكثر انتشاراً لسرطان الثدي وهو " سرطان القنوات المنتشر" حيث تركزت على بحث العلاقة بين هذا السرطان وتركيز الانترليوكين العاشر ، كما تناولت العلاقة بين تركيز

 الخلفية: - يُعرف التهاب حمة الدماغ الناجم عن الفيروس باسم التهاب  الدماغ الفيروسي الذي يتعايش بشكل متكرر مع التهاب السحايا الفيروسي وهو أكثر أنواع التهاب الدماغ انتشارًا

الأهداف: - إلقاء الضوء على التهاب الدماغ الفيروسي وأنواعه ووبائياته وأعراضه ومضاعفاته.

النتائج: - على الرغم من أنه يمكن أن يصيب الأشخاص من جميع الأعمار ، إلا أن العدوى الفيروسية هي السبب الأكثر انتشارًا ل

Background: Bronchiolitis is the first episode of wheezing associated with low grade fever, rhinitis, tachypnea, and increasing respiratory effort in a previously healthy
infant during the winter months, and it is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy.
Objectives: This study is designed to analyze the clinical signs and symptoms alone or as combinations as possible predictors of severe hypoxemia in infants with
bronchiolitis.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study, which was carried out on 96 infants with a mean age of 7.74 ±3.72 months who were admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical City-Baghdad with bronchiolitis during the period from 1st O

Objective: The study aimed to screen the prepubertal children for idiopathic scoliosis at earlier stages, and find
out the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and demographic data such as age, sex, body mass index,
heavy backpacks, and heart & lung diseases.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on screening program for prepubertal children in primary
schools at Baghdad city, starting from 24th of February to the end of October 2010. Non- probability
(purposive) sample of 510 prepubertal children were chosen from primary schools of both sides of Al-Karkh
and Al-Russafa sectors. Data was collected through a specially constructed questionnaire format include (24)
items multiple choice questions, and

الخلفية: الاعتلال الكلوي السكري يمثل السبب الاكثر شيوعا للمرحلة النهائية لامراض الكلى في العالم. هذا النوع من مضاعفات مرض السكري ينتج من التداخل ما بين العوامل الايضية والدم-حركية ومع ذلك هناك قرائن اخرى تدل على دور رئيسي للالتهابات في امراضية الاعتلال الكلوي السكري.

هدف الدراسة: تحديد دور نوعين من السايتوكينات (انترلوكين-18 وعامل التنكرز السرطاني الفا) في نش

Background: Patients with chronic renal failure ( CRF) are at increased rick of cardiovascular diseases and 60 of cardiovascular mortality in CRF is attributed to sudden  death.

Background: Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture resulting from permanent, nonprogressive defect or lesion of the immature brain. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common clinical type which is difficult to diagnose clinically in the early years of life. This study was conducted to identify the changes in the H-reflex excitability in children with spastic cerebral palsy as compared to normal children.
Methods: The excitability of the monosynaptic H-reflex pathway was tested in 36 children with spastic cerebral palsy during waking by calculation of the H-reflex wave amplitude with the ratio of maximal H /maximal M response amplitudes and compared with 32 normal children of the matching age.

Background:

Background:

This paper aims at presenting a comparison between objective and subjective tests . This paper attemptsto shed light on these two aspects of tests and make do a compression by using suitable techniques for objective and subjective tests .

     The paper compares between the two techniques used by the objective and subjective tests respectively, the time and efforts required by each type, the extent to which each type can be reliable, and the skills each type is suitable to measure.

     The paper shows that objective tests, on the contrary of the subjective ones, encourages guess> Objective tests are used to test specific areas of langua

Background Insulin works to control blood sugar levels by sending signals to liver, muscle and fat cells to bring in sugar out of the blood. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are only a few of the interconnected metabolic disorders that are frequently linked to these diseases.    A statistical procedure called the Homeometric Assessment Model (HOMA) is used to determine the insulin resistance and pancreatic cell activity. (HOMA - IR). Both are determined using insulin and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but utilizing different formulas. Although investigations based on a modified version of HOMA using connective peptide concentrate (C-peptide) are shown, they are extremely scarce.<

Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the level of students' knowledge about the environmental health.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Health and Medical Technology in Baghdad
city during the period from 1st march till 1st of July 2012. Data was collected by self-recording of a previously designed
questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic information such as (age, gender, department, year of grade).
Results: The highest rate of students were in the 2nd year followed by the 3rd year, highest rate of students had low
level of knowledge followed by intermediate level of knowledge, while lowest rate of students on had high level of
knowledge .Females had higher level of know

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the effect of chemotherapy on the life style of patients who
receive chemotherapy.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in Specialty Surgery Teaching Hospital, Al-yamok
Teaching Hospital, and Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital in Baghdad for the period from May
2007 to October 2008. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (loo) patients with bladder cancer
who receive chemotherapy where concerned in this study.
A questionnaire fom was constnicted for the purpose of the study and it was comprised of
two parts. The questiormaire consists of (125) items. They include (1) demographic information (2)
assessment of lifestyle dimension. The content validity of the q

Our research comes to shed light on Iraqi literature as literature that arose in special circumstances alongside foreign literature. Using comparative research methods, we chose to highlight two distinguished writers, who have their mark in the world of literature. The first is the Iraqi writer Maysaloun Hadi, who is considered an icon of Iraqi feminist literature, and the second is the French writer Le Clézieu, who won the Nobel in 2008. We will see through the research how the two authors expressed their views of modernity and urbanism. And how each of them separately portrayed the psychological and moral projections that formed the essence of man today. 

Résumé

Notre recherche abord un des points inc

Background: Physical exercise is essential for performance of the immune system. The integrity of immune response is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise performed. During exercise the metabolic and hormonal changes that occurred can induce lymphocyte apoptosis. Dehydroepiandrosteron sulphate (DHEAS) is one of the hormones that is affected by exercise, it is an androgen released from the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocortiocotropin releasing hormone (ACTH). DHEAS is regarded as an anti-aging hormone; it is primarily immune enhancing, providing some degree of counterbalance to the potentially detrimental effects of catecholamine and cortisol which are immunosuppressive if chronic

Phonological metathesis can be defined as an alternation in the normal sequence of two sounds under certain conditions. The present paper is intended to give a detailed synchronic description of phonological metathesis in Iraqi Arabic dialect. For data collection, the researchers have adopted two naturalistic techniques, viz., observation and notes taking. A synchronic analysis is carried out to provide some evidence that describe the sequential change of phonological metathesis in the dialect under investigation. Such sequential changes of metathesized sounds are presented and tabulated. The study concludes with the following finding that this process is not limited to cases where two consonant sounds are transposed, but three consonant

The First World War (1914-1918) was one of the most atrocious events in human history in which millions of people were killed and injured. Young men were widely recruited through a very strong persuasive propaganda, which portrayed the war as an opportunity for young men to defend their country and raise its banner high in the battlefields, prove their bravery and heroism, enjoy the adventure of action and taste the delight of battles. Military parades were usually held in the streets of towns where crowds, including young beautiful girls, stood along, hailing the new recruits who felt high pride in their uniform amidst the cheering applause of the happy audience. Newspapers and magazines used to publish so many stories of heroism about

Background: Traditionally, evaluation of the results of immunohistochemistry was done by visual quantification.
Materials and methods: for reliable evaluation, more time-efficient and user friendly method we used simple computer program with image analysis options as independent parameters for reading positive results. To test the validity of visually scored results, we compare and correlate the results of Digital image analysis (DIA) variables with the visual scores of 280 pictures taken from entire stained glioma tumor sections for Bcl-2 and P53 oncoproteins in different glioma tumor grades.
Results: In this study, rates expression of both oncoproteins was evaluated visually in glioma tumor samples (

Background: There is a general acceptance which illustrated that auto antibodies act as a central immunological disturbance in most of the auto immune diseases, among these auto immune diseaselies the SLE
Patients and Methods: Thirty five patients with SLE were compared to twenty age and sex matched, control subjects and studied for the presence of auto antibodies, plus IL-4 and IL-6 using Elisa method and immune fluorescent method (for ANA only)
Results: Data showed that IL-6 detectable levels were statistically significant in patients with positive anti ds-DNA, but not significant statistically in ANA positive patients although it was detected in 24 (70.6%) of positive ANA patients, while there was no sta

Background: Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is becoming resistant to multiple drugs and is frequently endangering patients' lives. It is a member of the human microbiota.

Objectives: To assess the value of identifying K. oxytoca using an automated diagnostic system (VITEK-2) as compared to traditional manual methods.

Methods: From July to November 2022, 136 clinical specimens were collected from patients in Baghdad hospitals. The VITEK-2 system was used to recognize the isolated bacteria to the genus and species levels. The biochemical indole test was used as a confirmatory test at the species level.

Results:

Background: Diabetes mellitus is significantly related to cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis. Antioxidants are essential in the prevention of atherosclerosis by a variety of mechanisms, which encompass the suppression of free radical production, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the levels of total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde as oxidative stress indicators in Iraqi type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and investigate their relationship with atherosclerotic risk factors.

Methods: This case-control study took place between October 2023 to Ja

توجّه أنماط النبر على الكلام في الخطاب الانتباه إلى مواضيع وردود أفعال محددة، وتحكم في تدفق وتماسك المحادثة. هذه الدراسة تبحث في النبر في العبارة في حلقات (ستيف هارفي) المختارة من منظور اسلوبي-صوتي. ومن المؤمل أن تؤدي هذه الدراسة إلى تحسين فهم الآليات اللغوية في مجال التواصل الحواري، وإبراز أهمية الملامح الصوتية في نقل المعنى وزيادة المشاركة في المحادثات التلفازية. ويركز البحث على أنواع وظائف التركيز على ال

Proverbs gain their importance not only from the fact that they represent a cultural record of the people of every nation, but they reveal the way they use language and how they exploit their environments as a good source of inspiration to enrich that language.  Domestic animals, as part of every environment, play a major role in composing proverbs in every nation.

       This study is an attempt to pragmastylistically analyse some selected English and Iraqi rural proverbs using domestic animals in their texts. It limits itself to investigate certain stylistic and pragmatic devices such as: the type of sentences, their lengths, their content and grammatical words, the part of speech used, metaph

Background: “The absolute refractory” period is the time interval during which the nerve fiber is in capable of conducting another impulse after a conditioning stimulus and the determination of the refractory period distribution in a nerve can give a good idea about the characteristics of the conducting fibers constituting that nerve as it reflects their excitability and could be used as a sensitive  indicator for the ability of the nerve fiber to conduct pairs of closely spaced impulses.
Methods: The new collision test was used to measure precisely the absolute motor refractory period and the paired shock technique to measure the absolute sensory refractory period in the ulnar nerves of 167 normal in

Background: Inflammation contributes across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease, including the earliest steps in atherogenesis. Myocardial Infarction (MI) is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. It has been suggested that the adipose tissue may play an important role in mediating this chronic inflammatory process, human resistin, is a 12.5-kDa protein, it found in the inflammatory zone. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, it secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein found in the blood, the levels of CRP rise in response to inflammation.

İlk çağlarda yaşayan insanların hayal dünyasını tanıtan masallar görünümünde olan destanlar‚ aslında‚ milleylerin tarih öncesi devirlerde başlayan kuruluşlarını‚ inanışlarını‚ erdemlerini‚ fikir ve sanatlarını anlatır.
Destanlar‚ kökü tarihe dayanan olayların, halk gözüyle görülen‚ halk ruhuyla duyulan masallaşmış görüntüleridir. Destanlarda milletlerin dinleri, türlü inanışları‚ Tanrı karşısındaki davranışları, yaşadıkları coğrafyanın özellikleri ile birleşmiş duyguları vardır.
Su köpüğünden yaratılmış‚ bir ağacın karnından doğmuş, ışık kümelerinin içinden çıkmış‚ fil kadar kuvvetli, güneş kadar güzel insanların maceralarını

        Assimilation is defined ,by many phoneticians like  Schane ,Roach ,and many others, as a phonological process when there is a change of one sound into another because of  neighboring sounds.This study investigates the  phoneme assimilation as a phonological process in English and Arabic  and it is concerned specifically with the differences and similarities in both languages.   Actually ,this study reflects the different terms which are used  in Arabic to refer to this phenomenon and in this way it  shows whether the term 'assimilation ' can have the same meaning of  'idgham' in Arabic or not . Besides, in Arabic , this phenomenon is discussed from&nb

Background: Delayed interval cholecystectomy can be performed to overcome the logistical difficulties in performing ‘early urgent’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) within 72 hours of
admission with acute cholecystitis (AC), and to avoid earlier re-admission with recurrent AC in patients waiting ‘delayed interval’ cholecystectomy.
Objectives: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of ‘delayed urgent’ LC performed beyond 72 hours.
Methods: Patients admitted with AC were scheduled for urgent LC. Patients who underwent ‘early urgent’ LC were compared with those who had ‘delayed urgent’ surgery.
Results: Fifty consecutive patients underwent urgent LC for AC within 2 weeks of admission. Ther