This  study was aimed  to investigate the effect of kaolin on growth and clinical signs in Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper sulphate. For this rationale, six treatment groups with two replicates were used in this experiment as follows: C- served as control negative group without exposed to kaolin or CuSO₄; C+ served as control positive group was exposed to 0.91mg/l CuSO₄   only; T1, T2, T3 and T4 were subjected to 0.91mg/l of CuSO₄ and kaolin was added to them at levels of 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/l respectively. Result findings reveal a positive relationship of the mean total weight gain amon

This study was aimed to investigate the immune response of the vaccinated chickens through avian influenza virus antibody (AIV-Ab) titers as well as evaluate liver function. The study measure of immunological parameters, namely the hemaglutinine inhibition test (HI) and a biochemical parameter called the liver function test, as well as a comparison between the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) recombinant (rH5N1) vaccine and the classical (cH5N8) vaccine. The study was designed as follows: {G1: given rH5N1 vaccine only; G2: given cH5N8 only; G3: given rH5N1 with Cr III supplement; G4: given cH5N8 with Cr III supplement; G5: given Cr III supplement; G6: negative control with no vaccination or supplementation}. The titer of

The study aimed to reveal the effect of some sustainable treatments under prolonged irrigation intervals on potato plant growth, yield, and starch properties .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irr

The study explored applications of artificial intelligence and its dialectical relationship with international human rights law of individuals, which requires assessing the effects of this technology on human rights and freedoms. The problem of privacy of humanity, as AI technologies can control human rights and freedoms, while monitoring potential violations in this context. The study use of documentary research and qualitative lens to analyze the data. In conclusion, unawareness of the use of AI may impose significant hurdles on future generations and may infringe on human rights across all sectors of society. The government should mandate obligations for artificial intelligence businesses concerning education, health, human right

The concept of environmental debt, which has several dimensions, emerged in the nineties. One of these dimensions is spatial, referring to the debts that southern countries sustain due to the extraction of natural resources and environmental damage inflicted upon northern countries. Another dimension, the temporal dimension, concerns the environmental debts that current generations owe to their predecessors. That means past generations are culpable for overuse of natural resources and mismanagement. The debt issue is complex, despite many mechanisms to resolve it. Most important are the recently introduced environmental bonds, an important step forward in the field of sustainable financing of environmental debts.

The present study highlighted the effectiveness of natural extracts derived from annatto and beetroot in prolonging the shelf life of refrigerated beef burgers for up to 12 days. The experimental design included five treatment groups: T1 (control, no additives), T2 (185.6 µg/ml nano-encapsulated annatto), T3 (187.6 µg/ml nano-encapsulated beetroot), T4 (a combination of nano-encapsulated annatto and beetroot at the same concentrations), and T5 (0.01% BHA). Samples were stored under refrigeration for 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days, after which they were subjected to a series of physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory evaluations. The data revealed that the nano-encapsulation of annatto and beetroot extracts led to statisticall

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq from beginning of October 2020 to the end of August 2021. The main objective was to find out the effect of Molybdenum (Mo) concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg L^-1 ) and three stages of foliar application (vegetative growth, flowers buds appearance and 25 % blooming ) on seed yield and it’s component of alfalfa local variety. layout of the experiment was R. C. B. D. arranged in split-plot, with three replicates. Spraying stages were used as main-plots. while Mol

This study was aimed to investigate vegetative growth indicators of four oat cultivars (Genzania, Shefa, Carrolup, and Hamel) at seeding rates of 80, 100, and 120 kg ha⁻¹ in a factorial experiment within a randomized block design during the winter season 2022-2023. Genzania showed significant superiority in leaf area, relative growth rate (0.0707 g g⁻¹ day⁻¹), and total dry mass (21.54 tons ha⁻¹). Shefa excelled in tiller count (365.10 tillers m⁻²), while Hamel exhibited superiority in stem diameter (5.68 mm), lower lodging index (39.90), and fewer effective tillers (88.10%). Seeding rate effects included increased plant height and total dry mass, with a rise in lodging index. The

This research aimed to study the effect of some economic variables (agricultural output, interest rate, agricultural exports, and imports) in determining the volume of agricultural investment in Iraq during the period (1990-2020) by conducting a dynamic econometric analysis of the data collected from its secondary sources. The Error Correction Model (ECM) was employed, and the statistical analysis was performed using EViews 12 software. The results revealed a positive and significant long-term relationship between the explanatory variables and the dependent variable, agricultural investment. Its equilibrium value in the long term is one unit, and 7% of the divergence from the equilibrium between the long term and the short term c

This study was conducted at Al-Khalis Dairy Cattle Station in Diyala Governorate during the productive season during 2021–2022. 63 Holstein cows were selected randomly to study the effect of prolactin gene (PRL) and prolactin gene receptor (PRLR) polymorphism on milk production, milk components, and reproductive traits in Holstein dairy cows. The results showed three SNPs of PRL gene (TT, TC, and CC). There are highly significant differences (P>0.01) between the percentages of the genotypes, which reached (79.37, 17.46, and 3.17% , respectively ) and three SNPs for PRLR gene ( TT , TA and AA with percentage  47.62 , 41.27 and 11.11 respectively) in Holstein dairy cows in Iraq. the results showed there were a significant

Thirty-seven different F. oxysporum ciceri isolates were isolated from 55 chickpea fields at Sulaimani and Halabja governorates during 2021. Fourteen Foc isolates were pathogenic and displayed various morphological traits. The ideal temperature for Foc ranged 25-30°C. PDA was the best media for the fungal growth. The isolates showed a variety of growth patterns, including appressed, flat/velvet, fluffy to partial fluffy, and cottony. However, Foc-28 displays nerve type mycelium growth on PDA at 25ºC. Microconidia (6.1-8.7x2.9-4.98µm), macroconidia (10.0-20.1x2.7-5.2µm), chlamydospores (7.2-15.0x6.8-10.7µm), and colony diameter on PDA were all significantly differed among the isolates. Significant d

The objective of this study is to modify Iraqi natural bentonite (NB), a readily accessible and low-cost raw material, using various techniques and to explore the possible use of it as an adsorbent for the elimination of amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solutions through batch system studies. Chemical and physical processes were used to create the modified bentonite (MB): (1) NB was mixed with cationic surfactants (long and short alkyl chain surfactants), and (2) heat activation created calcined bentonite. The synthesized MB is characterized by surface area, "scanning electron microscopy" (SEM), and "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy" (FTIR). There are many variables that affect how much AMX is eliminated, such as c

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infects chickens and is among the most common tumor in animals. The first MDV vaccinations that prevented cancer and reduced losses in the chicken industry were live-attenuated vaccines. Despite the fact that the current gold standard vaccination effectively guards against the disease, because of the Meq gene the virus is continuously mutating to become more virulent. the two vaccine generations previously given protection was able to be overcome by emerging field strains. In the present study collecting the tissue samples from infected, A standardized PCR was used. 132-bp tandem repeat region targeted for serotype-1 MD viruses. in Further, the oncogenes' characterization. PCR and nucleotide seq

This study was conducted to determine the nature of the mineral structure and properties of carbonate minerals of the sediments of the Main downstream and their effect on the chemical behavior of nickel and cobalt in five areas of Baghdad Governorate: Abu Ghraib, Al-Radwaniyah, Al-Yusufiyah, Al-Mahmoudiyah, and Al-Latifiyah. The results showed a difference, to the clay minerals of the water stream sediments. The presence of clay minerals such as mica, smectite, true chlorite, and swollen chlorite was observed in varying proportions, and the latter appeared more at the end of the study area. While a decrease in the percentage of kaolinite minerals was observed, a difference was observed in the quantity and properties of carbonate

This study was aimed to investigate effect of phosphorus, silicon, and citric acid on anatomical traits of pepper, This research was conducted at research stations, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Jadiriyah Campus, during 2021-2022 season. The study employed factorial experiment within randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The first factor included three levels of phosphorus (p) ( 0, 160, and 320 kg Ha^-1 P₂O₅), the second factor included three levels of potassium silicate (s) ( 0, 75, and 100 kg Ha^-1), while the third factor included four levels of citric acid (c ) ( 0, 2, 4, and 6 kg Ha^-1). The results revealed th

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of organic and mineral fertilizers and agricultural sulfur on availability of N,P and K in soil and their concentrations in potato tubers. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during 2021 by adding three levels of organic fertilizer (Poultry manure) 0, 5, and 10 Mg ha^-1, and their symbols were OM₀, OM₁, and OM₂, respectively. three levels of mineral fertilizer 0, 50 and 100% of the fertilizers recommendation, their symbols were C₀, C₁, and C₂ respectively. three levels of agricultural sul

This study aimed to estimate soil erodibility in the middle of Erbil province. The results of indirect methods were compared with the observed K-factor in order to determine the most suitable method. The tests were carried out for nine soil locations by taking samples from topsoil. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties. The soil in study area is mostly clay and silt clay. The analysis was performed using three assessment models of soil erodibility; the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC), Vaezi et al and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) models. Soil erodibility for direct measured K values varied from 0.27 to 0.39 t h MJ⁻¹mm⁻¹ with standard deviation of 0.041

Two field and storage experiments were conducted at a Research Station affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad during the 2023 and 2024 season. To investigate the effect of cobalt chloride at three concentrations 0, 5, and 15 mg. L^-1 (C0, C1, C2) and silica gold at four concentrations 0, 5, 10, and 15 ml.L^-1 (Si0, Si1, Si2, Si3) to increase tubers production and quality and raise the storage capacity of industrial potato hybrid Hermes as factorial experiment  within R.C.B.D. with three replicates. The storage experiment was conducted in the refrigerated warehouse belongs to private sector, following the same design of field experiment, the results reveale

This study aimed to used automated spraying inside greenhouses using automated sprayers and compare it with traditional spraying. An experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses at the Research Center of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad / Jadriyah, during the summer season on the cucumber crop cultivar CADIAR F1. The techniques used in the spraying process included a locally-made automated sprayer to spray pesticides inside the greenhouses horizontally and a knapsack sprayer. Two types of nozzles were used: universal flat fan nozzle (120-02C) and (120-04C), with three different pressures (1.8, 3, 5) bar, using a constant speed of 2 km h^-1. T

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of   new edible film prepared from deamidated rice bran protein (RBP). Deamidation was carried out at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120°C under varying pH conditions of 8, 10, and 12 for durations of 15 and 30 minutes to enhance protein solubility. The resulting film was then assessed for its physical, mechanical, and optical properties. The results revealed that protein solubility of deamidated RBP improved across all temperatures and pH levels compared to the control. A film made from deamidated protein under conditions of 120°C and pH levels of 8, 10, and 12 was evaluated using protein concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. The solubility

The research was conducted with the aim of obtaining equations to estimate the diameter growth of different tree ages for the species (Ziziphus spina-christi) to determine the validity of the site for cultivating the species under study. Field data were collected from the site of the University of Anbar in Anbar Governorate, the city of Ramadi. The samples were randomly selected. Cross sections of the tree were taken. The data were collected by conducting the required field measurements, then the data were tabulated using the Excel program, and by using the method of linear and non-linear regression analysis in the Statgraphics2022 statistical program. Obtaining equations for diagonal growth, precision measures were used

The political parties are considered to be the basic infrastructure in the political process for their great role in achieving the political movement in the country and to work on implementing the goals and interests of its voters in the event of their coming to power. If the parties that totalitarianism led to monopoly and monopolization, We can not talk in these countries about the liberal concept of the party and can not talk about the existence of a law or laws and regulations governing and regulate the work of parties. But on the other hand, which is represented by the liberal state, we find a lot of talk and practice about the form and nature of the legitimate law in regulating the formation of parties and their work in a manner th

Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis is an 1 efficient tool for hydrocarbon detection and identification of elastic rock properties and fluid types. It has been applied in the present study using reprocessed pre-stack 2D seismic data (1992, Caulerpa) from north-west of the Bonaparte Basin, Australia. The AVO response along the 2D pre-stack seismic data in the Laminaria High NW shelf of Australia was also investigated. Three hypotheses were suggested to investigate the AVO behaviour of the amplitude anomalies in which three different factors; fluid substitution, porosity and thickness (Wedge model) were tested. The AVO models with the synthetic gathers were analysed using log information to find which of these is the

When talking about Andalusia in the period of time after the handover of the city of Granada

Rutting is one of the most complex and widespread types of distress. The rutting is frequently observed on Iraqi roads, especially at the checkpoints, forming a significant hazard on the asphalt layers. Factors such as heavy loads and high temperatures contribute to this distress. Adding fibers to a hot mix asphalt (HMA) effectively improves performance and extends the lifespan of the flexible pavement. This article used glass, steel, and basalt fibers. The wheel tracking test assessed the fibre-asphalt mixture for rutting resistance and compared it with the mix without adding fibers (control HMA).

Meanwhile, the microscopic structure of fibres and asphalt mixture modified with fibers was examined using the Field

Color is one of the most important elements involved and contributing mainly to designs and visual works, whether they are fixed or mobile, for internal spaces through what color gives it the possibilities on the physical and intellectual level, if the process is linked to the functional performance or the aesthetic value, which is thus included within the system of processors and basic works in Designing the interior spaces and highlighting the functional and aesthetic aspects of them through the executed designs that are linked to certain techniques and mechanisms. Therefore, they are processed according to the references and pressure structures or the creation and modern dealing with materials and designs to implement operations in hi

Any person, regardless of his location in the air, whether he was kidnapped or trained, and then he performs a certain work, believes that his work is in vain, and by God, his deeds. I wonder if those who hold him in the first place will be safe in good form. He said that the essence of justice in the story is the story:

These are given the meaning we have fought in the fact that each group of. He went beyond creating a group of blocs, sects, and parties. If justice indicated one meaning, these relationships between people and peace would diminish. In fact, justice has only one concept, but there are several associations with it in the field of divorced one of these synonyms. However, the variation in racist drums in the encounte