The present work aims to improve the flux of forward osmosis with the use of Thin Film Composite membrane by reducing the effect of polarization on draw solution (brine solution) side.This study was conducted in two parts. The first is under the effect of polarization in which the flux and the water permeability coefficient (A) were calculated. In the second part of the study the experiments were repeated using a circulating pump at various speeds to make turbulence and reduce the effect of polarization on the brine solution side.
A model capable of predicting water permeability coefficient has been derived, and this is given by the following equations:
Z=Z₀ +C.R.T/9.8(d²/D²+1) [Exp. [-9.8(d

يتطرق موضوع البحث هذا الى دراسة حول موضوع فائق الأهمية شغل الانسان في مختلف بقاع الأرض منذ ان بدأ ينظر الى ما حوله محاولاً إيجاد تفسير للكون المحيط به والتعرف عليه وبشكل خاص بعد ان شهد الانسان موت الطبيعة وبعثها في توالي الفصول ومن ثم الاصطدام بموت الانسان فأخذ يسأل ويتساءل محاولاً الإجابة عليها ، مفرقاً بين موت الالهة وموت البشر .

     ان طقوش من المؤرخين البارعين في سرد الاحداث  التاريخية وكيفية سردها كما أنه يرجح الروايات وينقد بنفس الوقت، فضلا عن ذلك لا يهمل أي حادثة ولأي سبب كان، وهذا الامر لم يكن من فراغ وانما جاء بعد متابعة حثيثة من قبل طقوش لان عدَ من رواد الاحداث التاريخية وحداثة التاريخ الاسلامي، لما يمتلكه من موهبة فذه بهذا الجانب، وهذا الامر ثبت له خلال الاطلاع على اغلب الكتب التي ألفها، في الحوادث السياسية والعس

يُعد أبو عبيد البكري (ت 487 هـ / 1094 م ) من أَعلام المسلمين البارزين الذي له باع طويل في مجال اللغة والأدب والجغرافية والتاريخ ، وتشهد على ذلك مؤلفاته ومنها ( المُغرب في ذكر بلاد أفريقية والمغرب ) الذي يُعد جزءاً من كتابه ( المسالك والممالك ) ، فقد ذكر فيما يخص بلاد السودان الغربي الصحراء والمدن والمسافات بينها ومواضع المياه ، وحركة المرابطين ودورهم في نشر الإسلام في الصحراء وتشكيل الرباط ، كما ذكر ما شذ فيه عبد الل

استرعت في الآونة الاخيرة ظاهرة المهاجرين العالقين على الحدود الدولية الأنتباه و تم التسليط الضوء على محنهم و مأساتهم الأنسانية التي تعود اسبابها عدم تبلور نظام قانوني متكامل الابعاد ينطبق على هذه الفئة من المهاجرين بغية الحيلولة دون الأمعان في استغلال مآسيهم و اوضاعم القانونية الهشة بحجج و مسوغات واهية كان من لامفروض أن لا تكون استخدام حياة الأنسان بحجة انهم مهاجرين غير شرعيين و غير طبيعيين في لعبة السياس

الأورارتيين هم السكان القدماء والأصليين لإقليم كوردستان العراق ومناطق زغروس ، حيث كانت مملكة أورارتو في أقصى اتساعها تضم مناطق من  سوريا  غربا حتى البحر الأسود في الشمال،وتمتد إلى إيران وأرمينيا في الشرق ، حيث استطع ملوك أورارتو أن يجعلوا منها مملكة ذات شأن في تلك الحقبة أدت دوراً مؤثرا في حضارات الشرق الأدنى القديم كان لها ثقافتها الخاصة و عقائدها الدينية التي تتشابه إلى حد كبير مع العقائد الدينية ال

           Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that affects almost 50 million people worldwide. Most patients require long-term, and sometimes lifelong therapy with antiseizure medications (ASMs), our case control study evaluates the long-term effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) on bone mineral density and bone health biochemical markers. 50 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy who had no history of antiseizure medications (ASMs) intake prior were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, 25 patients started carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy, while the second group included 25 patients who started receiving valproate (VPA) monotherapy. Another 25 healthy

In this research, the water quality of the potable water network in
Al-Shuala Baghdad city were evaluated and compare them with the
Iraqi standards (IQS) for drinking water and World Health
Organization standards (WHO), then water quality index (WQI) were
calculator: pH, heavy metals (lead, cadmium and iron), chlorides,
total hardness, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid and
electrical conductivity. Water samples are collected weekly during
the period from February 2015 to April 2015 from ten sites. Results
show that the chlorides, total dissolved solid and electrical
conductivity less than acceptable limit of standards, but total
hardness and heavy metals in some samples higher than acceptabl

This paper reports on the laser emission properties of the BBQ dye in poly (methyl meth-acrylate)(PMMA). This host material combines the advantages of an organic environment for dye with the thermoptical mechanical properties of an organic dye. A BBQ dye solid solution in PMMA polymer. A nitrogen laser in untuned laser cavity has pumped thin films. We developed the concentration and the thickness to get high efficiency. The laser efficiency had been increased from 7% at thickness 1.5 m to 16.5% at thickness 3.5m, and from 1% to 10% when concentration increased from 1x10-5M to 1x10-3 M

The synthesis of a novel series of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole hydrazide(2-benzo[d]oxazol-2-ylthio) acetohydrazide) derivatives (3a-c, 4a, and 4b) through the use of various  sulfonyl chlorides in dichloromethane  and triethyl amine for the compounds (3a-c) and different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid for the compounds (4a, b). The novel compounds' anti-microbial effectiveness has been evaluated in vitro against two of (G+Ve) and two of (G-Ve) bacteria and for fungal activity. In comparison to other compounds, compounds (3a and 3b) had the most anti-microbial action against  Candida albicans and pseudomonas ae

This paper deals with constructing a model of fuzzy linear programming with application on fuels product of Dura- refinery , which consist of seven products that have direct effect ondaily consumption . After Building the model which consist of objective function represents the selling prices ofthe products and fuzzy productions constraints and fuzzy demand constraints addition to production requirements constraints , we used program of ( WIN QSB )  to find the optimal solution

The effects of Internet use on university’s students:The effects of Internet use on university’s students:“A Study on a Sample of Jordanian University’s students "This survey aims to identify the most important effects of Internet use on Jordanian public and private universities’ students by monitoring and analyzing a set of indicators that show the quality of the effects on specific fields such as  cultural, social, psychological, moral and political effects .To achieve these goals, the study attempts to answer the following questions:1.   What are the effects of Internet’s use on students?2. What is   the relationship between the effects and demographic variables such as  gender, age, family size an

According to the topics of study, The intensity of the news coverage of the Abu Ghraib scandal and the US soldiers' torture of Iraqi prisoners have become apparent since the scandal was revealed on April 29, 2004 until May 30, 2004 and the period in which the coverage of this scandal had intensified not only in Al-Zaman, but in all newspapers, magazines and other media locally and internationally. And according to a research taken from Al-Zaman magazine that showed great interest in highlighting the event, interpreting it, following up its roots and results, and showing contradictory claims and slogans between the US and Britain, particularly in respecting human rights and the spread of justice, equality and well-being in Iraq specifical

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between critical thinking, epistemological beliefs, and learning strategies with the academic performance of high school first-grade male and female students in Yazd. For this purpose, from among all first-grade students, as many as 250 students (130 females and 120 males) were selected by using multistage cluster sampling. The data needed were then collected through using California Critical Thinking Skills Test, Schommer's Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, Biggs’ Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire. The findings indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between critical thinking and academic performance and achievement. Moreover, four fa

أثار وجود المسؤولية التعاقدية إلى جانب المسؤولية التقصيرية خلافاً عميقاً في الفقه وصل إلى حد الدعوى إلى نبذ التقسيم التقليدي بين المسؤوليتين، والاكتفاء بقواعد موحدة تنظم أحكام المسؤولية المدنية، وقد تزايدت هذه الدعوات ووصلت ذروتها في كتابات الفقيه فيليب ريمي الذي دعا صراحة –وبأسلوب أخاذ – إلى إلغاء المسؤولية  التعاقدية، لذلك يجيء هذا البحث محاولة لاستعراض احدث الآراء الفقهية التي أنكرت وجود المسؤول

يطالب الاتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم من الاتحادات الوطنية في شهر ايلول من كل سنة ارسال قائمة بالحكام الدوليين لاعتمادهم للسنة القادمة وهنا تبدأ المشاكل لاختيار الحكام ربما تكون حسب الامزجة والعلاقات ولاحظ الباحث هنالك عدم دقة في اختيار الحكام لذا ارتأى دراسة وتحديد الضوابط الخاصة وفق اسس علمية اكاديمية للترشيح للقائمة الدولية لحكام كرة القدم وقد تم تصميم استمارة خاصة بهم وتحديد الانسب حسب رأى الخبراء والباحث

In this work we present a detailed study on anisotype nGe-pSi heterojunction (HJ) used as photodetector in the wavelength range (500-1100 nm). I-V characteristics in the dark and under illumination, C-V characteristics, minority carriers lifetime (MCLT), spectral responsivity, field of view, and linearity were investigated at 300K. The results showed that the detector has maximum spectral responsivity at λ=950 nm. The photo-induced open circuit voltage decay results revealed that the MCLT of HJ was around 14.4 μs

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon his family and companions.
And after:

      Muslim scholars have fought in the extent of regard to these interests, each according to his opinion and according to his evaluation, and his consideration of this interest, but it remains important that the legislation in them needs more precaution and caution against the predominance of passions, because the passions often decorate spoilers so they see an interest, so practical application must To realize the spirit of Islamic Sharia in its entirety of its rulings, and the preponderance between the interests and evils that prevail in our societies, which c

This paper offers a critical examination of Canadian news guidelines and policies
on user-generated content (UGC) posted on news-related comment sections and
social media.
The outline of how news-related UGC is moderated within Canadian news is achieved
by looking at the online comment policies of major Canadian news organizations like .
the CBC, CityNews (Halifax), CTV News, Glacier Media, Global News, The Globe
and Mail, Narcity Media, Postmedia, QUB (Québecor), and Torstar.The policies highlight how Canadian news organizations have practical strategies
to manage news-related UGC but also call upon positive and negative social
principles, to flag ill practices, foster democracy, and fight against online hate sp

Soil erosion is one of the foremost factors giving rise to watershed deterioration due to improper and unwise utilization of natural resources without proper vision, particularly in developing countries like Iraq. Since it is not possible to implement rehabilitation programs over all areas at a time, prioritization plays a major role in identification of the areas which are in need of immediate actions. Accordingly, the current study was conducted to perform morphometric analysis as the basis for prioritization. To achieve the above objective, 30 watersheds of different scales were delineated within Erbil governorate and standard procedures were followed to carry out morphometric analysis. Prioritization ranks were determined for

An experiment was conducted at the vegetable  field, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Collage of Agriculture, University of Bagdad, to study the response of two cultivars of okra for different types of covering and their effect on growth, early and total yield. Two cultivars of okra ( Lahloba and Batra) were used, Two soil mulchs (with or without black mulch), and two tunnels cover (white and Agryl-17) were tested. This study was designed as a factorial (2*2*2) within RCBD with three replicates (24 experimental units).Results indicated: black soil mulch+ white cover treatment significantly increased the speed and percentage of germination, plant highest, leaves number, dry weight of the vegetative parts gi

تكمن أهمية البحث في دراسة الجانب القيادي من خلال رؤية الاتحادات المركزية لقيادات اللجنة الاولمبية والبارالمبية ومقارنة النتائج التي تم التوصل اليها من خلال مقياس القيادة الذكية والذي يشمل على المجالات وهي (الذكاء الشخصية – ذكاء الشعوري – ذكاء العقلاني – ذكاء الروحي) وما تواجهه اللجنة الاولمبية والبارالمبية من متغيرات متعددة  على المستوى الاداري مما يتطلب منها إيجاد قيادة فاعلة لتلافي ال

المقدمة:

     شهدت بلاد الرافدين منذ أولى الحضارات التي نشأت على أرضها في المناطق الجبلية أو المناطق السهلية أو التي شُيدت على ضفاف نهري دجلة والفرات تطورات كثيرة وواسعة ليس فقط في الرقعة الجغرافية وأماكن الأستيطان فحسب بل في ميادين كثيرة شملت مختلف جوانب الحياة الأجتماعية والثقافية والأقتصادية والسياسية وقدمت تنوعاً في النتاجاتالعمارية والفنية كالنحت والمسلات والالواح الحجرية وا

        تكمن اهمية البحث في التركيز على التقارب الصوتي، والدلالي في المعنيين الاكدي، والعربي من خلال اعطاء المعنى الاساس للمفردة المستعملة في النص الاكدي ، وتجنب اللجوء الى تراجم، ودراسات اعتمدت على لغات بعيدة عن اللغة الاكدية كالألمانية، والانكليزية، والفرنسية ؛ كونها تُفْقِد النص الاكدي معناه الاساس الذي وُضِع لأجله، وارتكز المنهج البحثي المتبع على استقراء النصوص الاكدية ، واستنباط ال

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) versus misoprostol used to induce labour for overdue pregnancy.
Setting: A prospective randomized clinical study conducted at AL-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2008.
Method: One hundred and fifty women with over due pregnancy (past date and posterm pregnancy) referred for induction of labour with Bishop scores <_ 5 were randomly allocated to receive either forty mg isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) tablet as a single vaginal dose (n=75) or fifty mcg misoprostol vaginally (n=75) every six hrs for a maximum of three doses. Amniotomy and/or oxytocin infusion is considered when Bishop scores frankly progressed (augmentation

This study was aimed to determine extension activities provided to rice farmers in raising the awareness for compost manufacture in  Al-Diwaniyah province and investigate the level of awareness of rice farmers in the field of compost manufacturing , as well as the problems facing farmers when manufacturing compost, mythology a questionnaire design to collect data from rice farmers  during the 2018 . The research society consisted of the agricultural departments of the directorate of Agriculture in Al Diwaniyah province. A random sample was taken from rice farmers related to the agricultural departments in the Directorate of Agriculture with their (632) farmers,

This study includes the using therapeutic bacteria isolate in topical ointment for bacterial vaginosis treatment and to compare it with metronidazole ointment that use in a clinical trial under medical supervision. Four active Lactobacillus probiotics bacteria were cultured in %12 skim milk , three of these bacteria were commercial types and one Iraqi local isolate , the total bacterial count of probiotics bacteria were around ≥ 10¹² cfu/ml . %10 of individually culture free cells  filtrate were added to Muller Hinton broth with secretions of patients infected with bacterial vaginosis "BV", %50 of  natural organic components and %50 of local isolat

Different parameters of double pipe helical coil were investigation experimentally. Four coils were used; three with a curvature ratio (0.037, 0.031, and 0.028) and 11mm diameter of the inner tube while the fourth with 0.033 curvature ratio and 13 mm diameter of the inner tube. The hot water flow in the inner tube whereas the cold water flows in the annulus. The inlet temperatures of hot and cold water are 50 ⁰C and 18 ⁰C respectively. The inner mass flow rate ranges from 0.0167 to 0.0583 kg/s. The results show the Nusselt number increase with increase curvature ratio. The Nusselt number of the coil with 0.037 curvature ratio increases by approximately 12.3 % as compare with 0.028 curvature ratio. The results also r

To identify the fungi associated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms), an aquatic weed, which presents in Tigris river from Baghdad south ward. Five regions from middle and south of Iraq (Al-Noumanya, Saeid Bin-Jubier, Al-Azizia, Al-Reyfay and Al-Hay) were selected for this study. Twelve fungal species were isolated. Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp and Cladsporium herbarum, were the most frequently species (91.66 % ,50 % and 25 %) respectively. The fungi Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp. and Phoma eupyrena were more aggressive to water hyacinth as (91.66%,83,33%, and 75%) in pathogenicity test.