In recent years, English language teaching and second language acquisition has demonstrated a significant accentuation upon basic reasoning abilities improvement in the language capability advancement. Encouraging a point of view of duty to training basic intuition aptitudes in accordance with the English language courses, this paper gives an account of an investigation directed at theoretical meanings of basic deduction, drifts about the centrality of basic speculation for language educating and associations between critical thinking and language learning. The educators have the focal pretended by basic intuition in successful language teaching method, identified to Ennis’ (2011) critical thinking categories. The skill of thinking critic

هدف هذا البحث إلى قياس الإجهاد الرقمي لدى طلبة جامعة بغداد، والكشف عن الفروق في الإجهاد الرقمي بناءً على متغيرات الجنس (ذكر - أنثى)، والمرحلة الدراسية (أولى - رابعة)، والاختصاص (علمي - إنساني). تألفت عينة البحث من (200) طالبًا وطالبة من جامعة بغداد، وتم تطبيق مقياس" الإجهاد الرقمي "الذي تم إعداده من قبل الباحثة خصيصًا لهذا البحث. وتم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وبعد تطبيق مقياس البحث وتحليل النتائج بالوسائل الإحص

The paper investigates the frequency and the impact ofusing Functional formulas in EFL students` fluency and accuracyused in English teaching in College of Education for HumanSciences (Ibn Rushd), English Department. This study aims atfinding out the frequency of formulaic sequences’ in students`fluency- accuracy skills, whether or not the student differences inthe functional formulas in fluency- accuracy competences ,andinvestigating differences in types formulaic sequences in fluencyaccuracyskills. The instruments are (observation and essay writing)used in investigating the fluency through using observation whereasin accuracy using essay testing. With 100 functional formulas, oneighty students second year at English Department.

The present study deals with the effect of teaching speaking Strategies (SS) on EFL Iraqi College students. The use of speaking strategies not only solves learners’ communication problems, but also enhances the learner’s interaction in target language, and improves their oral proficiency .The aim of the study is to find out the effect of teaching SS used by EFL College students .The learner of the first stage is population of the study at the Department of English, College of Education /Ibn-Rushd .The sample consists of (60) students distributed on experimental group(A) as well as control group(B) each group contains (30) students . In order to achieve the aim of the study, questionnaire has been constructed to be taught on the experime

The importance of this research lies in developing a psychological expenditure scale and its relationship to the passing skills of specialized volleyball players. The research problem focused on psychological expenditure as one of the problems and challenges faced by specialized players and its negative impact, such as poor skill performance, which is reflected in the performance of the player and the team. This weakens the player's self-confidence and concentration and affects the team's performance in tournaments as well as their performance in training. The research aims to develop a psychological expenditure scale, and the researcher used the descriptive approach as it is appropriate for the nature of the research problem. The f

William Shakespeare's play Coriolanus explores the journey of power and the transformation of a skilled warrior into a statesman. This paper employs Machiavelli’s framework of pragmatic statecraft to analyse Coriolanus’s tragic failure as a political leader despite his unparalleled prowess as a Roman general. It analyses Coriolanus's political career, revealing how his military skills, while effective in warfare, do not translate into political success. The paper shows that Coriolanus’s contempt for performative politics, refusal to adopt civic diplomacy, and failure to soften aristocratic pride with populist appeal turn plebeians against him and alienate patricians. His upholding of martial honour — fostered by his mother Volumnia

The present study aims at investigating the effect of “FLOW” strategy is a creative thinking strategy on developing EFL learners' writing achievements. The sample of the study was ninety Iraqi college students. Their performance was assessed on the pre and post achievement test in both experimental group 45 taught by “FLOW” strategy and control 45 taught traditionally. A test was designed and exposed to jury of experts for ascertaining its validity. The reliability coefficient of the test was 0.89 by using Cronbach Alpha Formula. The collected testing papers were analyzed by using T-test. It is found that there are significant differences between the two groups. This indicates that teaching writing a composition by using

This research explores the themes of identity and alienation in Tsitsi Dangarembga's famous novel, Nervous Conditions, through Kimberlé Crenshaw's intersectionality theory. The story takes place in postcolonial Zimbabwe and delivers a fascinating illustration of the intersecting domains of gender, race, class, and colonial legacies that shape the characters' experiences of identity and alienation. Benefitting from Crenshaw's intersectional paradigm, this article explores the multidimensional interface of societal categorizations and power relations in the novel, revealing the complex dynamics of individuals as they negotiate their identities in a postcolonial context. Through a thorough examination of Tambudzai's journey and the problems o

    Taurodontism is a rare developmental dental anomaly marked by apical displacement of the pulpal floor, enlarged pulp chambers, and root bifurcation or trifurcation near the apex. Its etiology involves genetic mutations, syndromic associations, or developmental disturbances of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. Diagnosis relies mainly on radiographic assessment, with CBCT offering superior accuracy, and indices such as Shaw’s and Shifman’s aiding classification. Clinically, taurodontism complicates endodontic, surgical, orthodontic, and restorative procedures and may indicate underlying systemic disorders. Early recognition and interdisciplinary planning are crucial to optimizing patient outcomes. DOI: ht

This study intends to look into the activities instructors use in the classroom to teach literature. Three models for teaching literature were added into the study in order to deepen the use of activities in the classroom. They are six activities in the teaching of literature were listed as indicators investigated during the study; language based, paraphrastic, information-based, personal response, moral-philosophical, and stylistic. An emphasizing the teaching of literature, the classroom activities used were mostly concentrated on the technical aspects of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Through observing the classroom, it was revealed that teachers employed more Language-Based activity, Moral-Philosophical activity, and Informa

The current study examines the poetry) free verse( of African American Amanda Gorman in the light of the African diaspora concept, with a focus on themes of migration, African American identity, and cultural interactions. Additionally, the chosen poems discussed poets who resided in or outside of Africa, their native continent. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it sheds light on an axis that has been ignored in criticism of Gorman's poems —specifically, the axis of the African diaspora—rather than just feminism and marginalization. The purpose of this research is to emphasize the value and impact of leaving one environment to live in another, which takes adaptability, patience, and fortitude to finish the journey of lif

Assessment should give more attention on the learning achievement of the curriculum. Portfolio- based learning assessment (PBLA) is utilized in language learning materials recently .It is assessment tools to test the learners’ learning for instance open-ended problem solving, and creative and critical thinking, imaginative, reflective, have the capacity to apply their information in new issues, and to express oral and composing. This paper aims to discover the impact of utilizing (PBLA) on students’ performance at College of Education (Ibn –Rushd) in English Department the third stage. To fulfill the aim, a sample of the study is (64) EFL students of two groups. The study used a test and an instrument design .The test group ut

This paper is an attempt to foster creative performance of students in essay writing through using tips. Prewriting tips are a series of strategies ( outline in essay writing). These tips enable :::e Iraqi students to be aware of the process of writing as a guideline to what is expected from them as good essay writers. The study aims at: I .Finding out whether college students are aware of using these tips in fostering creativity performance in their essay writing? 2. To what extent can the application of these tips contribute in developing students' essay writing? To achieve these aims. 2 questionnaire and a test have been conducted and distributed on two parallel th

Intersectionality is a concept that focuses on social inequality towards black people and provides an analytical instruments for creating social justice issues in such a way in order to depict how social marginalization, or privilege occurs differently in various social positions. It does this by focusing on the interaction of multiple systems of oppression. Intersectionality is used to examines how the social factors; race, gender, and class can affect the people’s life especially the immigrants, black people, and refuges. This article will depicts how blacks in Canada are segregated and distinguished from white race. David Chariandy’s I’ve Been Meaning To Tell You: A Letter to My Daughter 2018 is analyzed through Kimberle Crenshaw

The present study aimed to investigate the Listening  anxiety level among Iraqi preparatory students who study English as a foreign language . The sample of the present study consists of (165) students from Iraqi EFL preparatory school students chosen randomly from Baghdad city, to achieve the aim of the  study, an adopted instrument ;English Foreign language listening anxiety scale, after ensuring the validity and reliability of the instruments, it applied and the data collected. Then a number of statistical tools to analyze the data. The researcher found that Iraqi EFL students have a high degree of listening anxiety. Finally, some conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions have been exposed

This work aims at finding out the impact of teaching types blended learning strategies on academic students` achievement. A review of related literature indicates that almost no study has ever attempted to focus specifically on the effect of the different kinds of blended learning strategies on EFL students` achievement in the educational research writing, and the present study attempts to fill this gap. The study focused on the students at the Master's degree in Educational Research Writing in the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The sample has selected from the college of Education Ibn-Rushd (18) students. Material has been designed for the Master candidates’ participants of the study was divided into two groups: one an e

This study deals with the grammatical processing ability of English Subordinate Clauses which can account for variance in word recognition and production skills. The study aims at: A) Assessing whether the students can recognize correct usage and comprehension of different types of Subordinate Clauses English grammar sentences by using appropriate word. B) Showing if the students can produce the correct type of Subordinate Clauses that should be used in English grammar sentences. To achieve these aims, a test has been conducted and distributed on 50 students at third stage at the College of Education (Ibn-Rushd) for the academic year 2012-2013. A test is exposed to a jury of experts for the purpose of ascertaining their validity. The spli

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the impact of cooperative learning elements upon Iraqi EFL Academic learners` Educational outcomes in Syntactic proficiency. The hypothesis of current research is that there are no statistically significant differences between the mean score of experimental groups that used Kagan’s PIES (Positive reliance, Individual Accountability, equivalent cooperation, Simultaneous Interaction) and the control group that followed conventional method. In this study, the sample of the study is (30) university ESP learners were involved at college of Education. The control group (15) students were taught in conventional teaching whereas other (15) learners in experimental groups exposed to Kagan’s P

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease that causes serious disease and economic loss in the majority of countries around the world. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of disease on some haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in Iraqi patients with hydatid cyst. The study included 50 CE patients which their samples were collected from several hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, for CE removal surgery and 50 healthy controls. The serum was collected from January 2022 to June 2023. The patients group ranged in age was 20–55 years. Rural patients were infected at a higher rate than urban patients (58.00% and 42.00%, respectively), The lung was the most aff

Ammonium hexafluorosilicate solution has gained attention as a fluoride-based compound potentially preventing dental caries and treating dentin hypersensitivity without discoloration. This study aimed to evaluate ammonium hexafluorosilicate's efficacy in remineralizing demineralized human dentin compared to sodium fluoride and deionized water. Fifty-seven sound, permanent human maxillary first premolars collected from Iraqi patients, two teeth for Scanning Electron Microscopy and the remaining divided randomly into 5 groups: control (-ve) represented by deionized water, control (+ve) represented by 2% sodium fluoride, and three study groups with different concentrations 10000, 15000, 20000 ppm of

يشكل المتغير المكاني روح العرض لدى المخرج  لأجل تفعيل عنصر التشويق لدى المتلقي عبر سماته الجمالية  التي تدعو للتعددية والتنوع من اجل صناعة التكوين الجديد للعرض لذا عمد الباحث الى دراسة ذلك المتغير المكاني وقسمه الى اربعة فصول , في الفصل الاول حدد الباحث مشكلة بحثه في السؤال التالي (ما المتغير المكاني في العرض المسرحي الرقمي المعاصر "Cirque du Soleil   "  أنموذجاً ؟) و عن اهمية البحث كونها دراسة مهمة للمختصين في الفن

In this work a study was made in centrifugal fan blower to investigate the effect of impeller blade design on sound pressure level (SPL). Shroud and unshroud impeller of nine blades are used. The sound generation from flow inside the test rig at different positions was displayed by using spectral analyzer. The experiments were carried out in anechoic chamber with small holes in its walls, under ambient condition about (25-27) C ° to avoid the effect of temperature on the sound pressure level. The results showed that (SPL) decreased with the increase of distance from the source about (3-4)dB when distance varied about (0.8-1.06)m, and the (SPL) decreased with the decrease of velocity about (8-12)dB when velocity varied between (13000-260

      بين هذا البحث دراسة الوعاظ ودورهم الاجتماعي في العصر العباسي في القرنين الثالث والرابع الهجريين وهي دراسة  تاريخية اجتماعية ابانت عن الوجوه المتنوعة من الفئات التي مارست الوعظ طوعاً ومنهم الزهاد والصالحون والشعراء والخطباء و  بين البحث دورهم الاجتماعي في المجتمع كما تطرق البحث الى المهن الادارية التي مارست الوعظ ومنها القضاة والمحتسبين والقصاصين والوعاظ المأذونين بالوعظ ، ونظرا لد

    من خلال دراستنا للإدارة المالية في كتاب المنتقى من اخبار مصر لابن ميسر ت677هـ/1278م لابد لنا من ان نبين ان ابن ميسر استخدم العديد من المصادر المتنوعة لبناء مادته التاريخية عن طريق النقل من المصادر واهتم بذكر الادلة من الكتب لتثبت رواياته ويعد كتابه من أهم المصادر التاريخية للدراسات الفاطمية وهو كتاب حولي اهتم بذكر الاحداث الواقعة في كل سنة كما تطرق الى العديد من المصطلحات المالية في كتابه ومنها الغنا

       يسعى هذا البحث الكشف عن آليات الإقناع عن طريق دراسة الصورة في شعر ابن الفارض بوصفها أداة حجاجية، والتي نجد فيها الشاعر قد أردف إلى جانب حدود الإمتاع حدود الإقناع سعيًا منه في تحقيق التأثير في المتلقي.

وقد جاء هذا البحث على محورين؛ الأول منها، تأصيل نظري عالج مصطلحي الحجاج والإقناع وفق المفهوم اللغوي والفلسفي والاصطلاحي في التراثين العربي والغربي، فضلًا عن آراء النقاد المحدثين، قبل

The effects of shot peening treatment (SPT) were studied at (10,20, and 30) minutes on the rotating bending fatigue behavior and the behavior of the alloy steel DIN 41Cr4 vibrations. The hardness test, tensile test, constant amplitude fatigue tests, and the vibration measurements were performed on samples with and without cracks at room temperature (RT), also, the fracture surface was examined and analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the investigations, for example, Stress to Number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves, fatigue strength improvement factor of 5% to 10%, the decreasing percentage of maximum Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) acceleration of the shot-peened condition were compared to untr

          Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), which is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, had been isolated and estimated gravimetrically in fifteen  different commercial kinds of tea found in the Iraqi market.The kinds of tea were chosen according to their differences in the degree of fermentation and the method of processing i.e. black , gray and  green . The isolated caffeine was identified by melting point, sublimation, TLC, chemical tests, UV , IR , HPLC and CHNO analysis.                                 &nb

Stream cipher system plays an important role in many practical encryption systems.
Moreover it can be an ideal source in random number generation. Shift registers are
the backbone of such systems. This paper presents a method for attacking and recovering
the basic key for the general stream cipher systems. Different criteria should be studied
carefully when a key stream generated via these systems.
Depending on the type of feedback connection of different stages, the output stream may
be classified as linear and nonlinear. Different parameters specify complexity degree of
the output of these systems. Proposed system achieved to recover the initial cipher key
via two modules. The First module focuse