An ultrasonic treatment was applied to the vacuum gas oil at intervals of 5 to 30 minutes, at 70°C.  In this work, the improvement of the important properties of Iraqi vacuum gas oil, such as carbon residue, was studied with several parameter conditions that affect vacuum efficiency, such as sonication time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30) min, power amplitude (10–50%). After ultrasonic treatment, the carbon residue of vacuum gas oil was evaluated using a Conradson carbon residue meter (ASTM D189). The experiment revealed that the oil's carbon residue had decreased by 16%. As a consequence of the experiment It was discovered that ultrasonic treatment might reduce the carbon residual and density of oil samples being studied. It also notice

The filler in the asphalt mixture is essential since it plays a significant role in toughening and stiffening the asphalt. Changes in filler type can lead the asphalt mixtures to perform satisfactorily during their design life or degrade rapidly when traffic and environmental effects are considered. This study aims to assess the impact of filler types such as limestone dust (LS) and hydrated lime (HL) on Marshall characteristics and moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. Three different percentages of HL were employed in this study to partially replace the LS mineral filler: 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% by aggregate weight. Furthermore, a control mixture was created with 7% LS by overall aggregate weight for the wearing course layer

In this work, a simple and new method is proposed to simultaneously improve the physical layer security and the transmission performance of the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, by combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique with chaotic theory principles. In the system, a 2-D chaotic map is employed. The introduced system replaces complex operations such as matrix multiplication with simple operations such as multiplexing and inverting. The system performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and peak to average ratio (PAPR) is enhanced. The system is simulated using Optisystem15 with a MATLAB2016 and for different constellations. The simulation results showed that the  BE

This experiment aimed to study the effect of integrating a passive cooling system with varying air passage outlet clearances: 0 cm (C0, control), 10 cm (C1), 15 cm (C2), and 20 cm (C3) on the performance of polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV panels used in solar-powered irrigation systems. Performance metrics included PV efficiency, maximum power, required number of panels, and operational costs. Results showed a highly significant effect (P < 0.0001) of air passage clearance and PV type on all measured parameters. Specifically, the 10 cm clearance (C1) yielded the best outcomes, achieving the highest PV efficiency (16.26%), maximum power (41.12 W), lowest panel number (7), and lowest operational cost ($8.75). Among panel

This research aimed to measure the impact of trade openness and changes in the terms of trade on the growth of agricultural domestic product in Iraq for the period 1990-2020. The independent variables were represented by indicators (trade openness, agricultural exports, the rate of trade of agricultural crops, and the exchange rate). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) measures the relationship between variables, in addition to the PP test for the stability of the time series. After the estimated model passed the bounds test, the short-run and long-run functions were estimated. The results of the estimation in the short run showed the existence of a positive effect of both terms of tr

يهدف البحث الحالي معرفة أثر إستراتيجية مقترحة وفق أنموذج (Heisig & Verbeck )  في تحصيل الرياضيات والتفكير الهندسي لدى طالبات الصف الخامس الأحيائي ولتحقيق هدف البحث إعتمد الباحث التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة ذات الإختبار البعدي . وبناءً على ذلك وضعت الفرضيتان الصفريتان الآتيتان :

1. "لايوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة ( 0.05 ) بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية ا

The research aims to know the relation between positive thinking and self academic motivation, trend towards teaching profession. So a sample of (344) male and female student of the morning study of education colleges from the two universities of Baghdad and al Mustansria for the academic year 2012-2013.

So three tools had been used to achieve the procedures of the research which are: the scale of positive thinking constracted by Abdal satar Ibrahim year 2010, the scale of self academicmotivation constracted by (Gottfried) and adapted by Hanan Hussan year 2010, the scale of teaching profession trend constracted by Enayat Zaki year 1974.

And by using the statistical means of person

Since the beginning of Philosophical thinking, philosophers had interested in matters that related to psychology. Greek philosophy had sought different psychological cases such as knowledge, thought, sense, and cognition. Plato classified cognitive processes and distinguished between intelligence, emotions, and desires. As Aristotle believed that soul is the essence of human beings that characterize it from other creatures. Regarding the European philosophy, Descartes linked the optics field to psychology that comprises theories about visual perception. Then, john Watson who interested in behaviorism, he believes that the interpretation of behavior will be materialistic. However, the evolutionary view had great effect on psychology that

  هدف البحث الى معرفة اثر استراتيجية الخطوات السبع PQ5R في ما وراء الفهم عند طالبات الخامس العلمي في الثانويات والاعداديات الحكومية الصباحية وقد حددت الباحثتان بالطريقة القصدية اعدادية الزمر للبنات قسم تربية ديالى مديرية تربية ديالى لتكن طالباتها عينة البحث للعام الدراسي (2024-2023) وتم اختيارشعبتين لتمثل احدهما مجموعة تجريبية تدرس بأستراتيجية الخطوات السبع PQ5R واخرى مجموعة ضابطة تدرس بطريقة اعتيادية, وتم ال

The paper presented a new type of double helical-winding tubular induction motor (DHWTIM). The proposed motor consists of double- layer helical windings primary arranged on the same circumference with a common secondary. By controlling the phase sequence of supply voltage for each of primary winding layers, the secondary conductor would be capable of producing pure rotary motion, pure linear motion, or helical motion. An appropriate multi-layer analysis using cylindrical geometry is presented. This has been used to study the effect of iron presence in the magnetic circuit of the machine on its performance.

In this work, a flat-plate solar air heater (FSAH) and a tubular solar air heater (TSAH) were designed and tested numerically. The work investigates the effect of increasing the contact area between the flowing air and the absorber surface of each heater and predicts the expected results before the fabrication of the experimental rig. Three-dimensional two models were designed and simulated by the ANSYS-FLUENT 16 Program. The solar irradiation and ambient air temperature were measured experimentally on December 1^st 2022, at the weather conditions of Baghdad City- Iraq, at three air mass flow rates, 0.012 kg/s, 0.032 kg/s, and 0.052 kg/s. The numerical results showed the advantage in the thermal performance of

One of the primary functions of the DC motor is exemplified in its utilization for the automated operation of irrigation gates, which involves a variety of DC motor models. The  DC motor chosen was influenced by the particular operational requirements of the irrigation gate. The ability to support the massive weight of the gate as well as the extreme pressure produced by river water currents are among these requirements. The gate motor utilized functions at a sluggish pace of 20 revolutions per minute. The approach employed involves tuning utilizing the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. The (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) PID controller is designed to precisely manage a DC motor's position, improving the motor's overall p

A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Raed Research Station, located 25 km west of Baghdad, to investigate the effects of machine speed and plowing depth on various performance indicators of a mechanized unit. A combined implement was utilized to simultaneously perform multiple agricultural operations. The experiment employed two main factors: forward speed of the mechanized unit, with three levels (1.004, 2.03, and 3.048 km h-1), and plowing depth, with three levels (5, 8, and 10 cm). The performance indicators studied included slip percentage, operating costs (IQD ha^-1), the number of soil clods larger than 22 mm in diameter, and Emergence percentage. Through the results obtained in the experime

The chlorine concentration variation in Baghdad water networks was studied. The
chlorine data were collected from Mayoralty of Baghdad and Ministry of Environment
(MOE) for the networks for both sides of the city Karkh and Rasafa for (2008-2009). The
study of these data indicates that there are no systematic testing program .Classified GIS
maps showed that the areas far from the treatment plants have almost always low
chlorine concentration .This indicates that the problem of the low chlorine concentration
in the far areas is due to cracks of pipe along the conveyance path ,as expected. The area's
most frequently have low concentration are Al-sadir,Al-Kadhimya, and Al-Amiria . It
was found also that the chlorine c

This paper focuses on Load distribution factors for horizontally curved composite concrete-steel girder bridges. The finite-element analysis software“SAP2000” is used to examine the key parameters that can influence the distribution factors for horizontally curved composite steel
girders. A parametric study is conducted to study the load distribution characteristics of such bridge system due to dead loading and AASHTO truck loading using finite elements method. The key parameters considered in this study are: span-to-radius of curvature ratio, span length, number of girders, girders spacing, number of lanes, and truck loading conditions. The results have shown that the curvature is the most critical factor which plays an important

Roller-Compacted Concrete is a no-slump concrete, with no reinforcing steel, no forms, no finishing and wet enough to support compaction by vibratory rollers. Due to the effect of curing on properties and durability of concrete, the main purpose of this research is to study the effect of various curing methods (air curing, 7 days water curing, and permanent water curing) and porcelanite (local material used as an Internal Curing agent) with different replacement percentages of fine aggregate (volumetric replacement) on some properties of Roller-Compacted Concrete and to explore the possibility of introducing practical Roller-Compacted Concrete for road pavement with minimum requirement of curing. Specimens were sawed fro

The importance of the construction sector and its Great role in the provision of services and infrastructure, reduce poverty, improve living conditions and improve the economic situation in the country, impose attention to the way in which the projects implemented for its improvement and to get successful projects. The objective of this research was to determine the criteria for success as well as critical success and failure factors that have a significant impact on project success. A selected 75 engineer (department managers, project managers and engineers) are asked to fill  the questionnaire form, Sixty-seven valid questionnaire forms were analyzed statistically to get search results, which were as follows : Twe

This research was aimed to study the osmotic efficiency of the draw solutions and the factors affecting the performance of forward osmosis process : The draw solutions used were magnesium sulfate hydrate (MgSO₄.7H₂O) pojtassium chloride (KCL), calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃). It was found that water flux increases with increasing draw solution concentration, and feed solution flow rate and decreases with increasing draw solution flow rate and feed solution concentration. And also found that the efficiency of the draw solutions is in the following order:

CaCl₂> KCI > NH₄HCO₃> MgSO₄.7H

Modifying asphalt cement is an effective approach to enhance the performance of asphalt concrete. This study evaluates the physical properties of lignin-modified asphalt (LMA) at various lignin percentages. The initial step involved extracting lignin from the pinus wood sawdust using the soda process. Subsequently, the extracted Soda Lignin Powder (SLP) was characterized through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX) to examine the changes in the chemical structure of lignin after extraction by soda process. Following this, three asphalt blends containing varying amounts of SLP (2%, 4%, 6%) by weight of asphalt cement were produced

     إنّ قواعد اللغة العربية ما هي إلّا مجموعة من القوانين المستنبطة من الكلام العربي الفصيح، والذي يأتي في مقدمته القرآن الكريم، وتتجلى تلك القواعد في مجموعة من الظواهر، والتي يُعدُّ النظير واحدًا منها؛ لأنه يقوم على نظام من الاحكام التي يندرج تحتها ما لا ينحصر من قواعد تلك اللغة.

لذا يسعى هذا البحث للكشف عن أثر دليل من ادلة الاستدلال النحوي وهو (النظير) بوصفه علة مهمة في تعزيز قواعد اللغة العر

تلعب الشريعة دوراً ريادياً في الوقاية من الانحرافات الاجتماعية، وذلك لما تعتمده من سياسة وقائية حكيمه تتمثل أساساً في ترسيخ الإيمان وتقديره في النفوس البشرية، وما ينجر عن ذلك من تكون روحي ونفسي كامل وجيد للفرد، فضلاً عن فرض وأقرار العبادات والشعائر المختلفة في مواجهته، والتي تجعل منه عنصراً صالحاً غير منحرف داخل المجتمع لما يعتمده في نفسه ويقوم به من شعائر وعبادات، وذلك دون اغفال حث الافراد على التحلي بمك

      طورت المدن التقليدية في العالم العربي حلولًا معمارية وتخطيطية مبتكرة تعكس قدرتها على التكيف مع الظروف المناخية القاسية بما يوفر بيئات سكنية تحقق الراحة الحرارية لمستخدميها وتعزز الاستدامة البيئية والاجتماعية ، ومع موجة التحضر السريع وتأثيرات عمارة الحداثة؛ ظهرت تحولات واضحة في النهج التصميمي والتخطيطي للنسيج العمراني السكني المعاصر بالشكل الذي أدى إلى إضعاف الهوية الحضرية المحلية وتر

A boundary element numerical algorithm has been developed for the determination of stresses and
deformations around cavities and tunnels. A study of the influence of depth below the ground
surface on the distribution of stresses and deformations around cavities and tunnels is presented in
this paper. The soil is assumed to behave linearly elastic.
A computer program has been built to perform the numerical computations. The results show that
with increasing the depth of placement of tunnel or opening below the ground surface, the settlements decrease. The maximum stresses occur at the haunches of the tunnel rather than at the crown. For the circular cavity that is considered in this paper, it was found that with increasing

This research is devoted to investigate the behavior and performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates under the effect of torsion. In this study a theoretical analysis has been conducted using finite element code ANSYS. Six previously tested beams are used to investigate reinforced concrete beams behavior
under torsion, two of them are solid and the rest are box-section beams. Also, two beams are without CFRP reinforcement, which are used as control beams for the strengthened one, and the other four beams are strengthened with CFRP laminates with different number of layers and spacing. Numerical investigation is conducted on these beams, and comparisons b

     Psychological Counseling Services occupies a high position in the developed countries and that for its psychologist services for different sectors of the community members, and has been popularized until recently the wrong concept of the effect, that the psychological service is provided only to the owners of behavior is normal only, Vantage him neglect to provide psychological services a large segment of the community members who are in dire need of these services.

      The counseling service is part of a global social movement seeking to emphasize the quality of life of the human and the emphasis on the value and dignity and the need to live a quiet lif

In this research, trying to highlight the reasons for the illusion, and do not want to repeat what the previous scholars and researchers from the ancients and modernists said, but to continue from where they ended, as the blogging has undergone several images that influenced the nature of the narrations, and their proximity to the truth according to the whims of the authority, or the narrator's whims and inclinations and any destination. Here we don't mean bees and plagiarism... It goes beyond the fact that traffic is made to the whims of those who write or write to it, or in it a little bit of truth and then be framed, to add exaggeration and exaggeration to it.

        يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل المسائل النحوية الضعيفة في كتاب "تمهيد القواعد" لناظر الجيش ، مع التركيز على الأفعال والتراكيب التي أثارت خلافًا بين النحويين. اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج وصفي تحليلي لتتبع تسع مسائل نحوية اعتبرها العلماء ضعيفة، مع رصد أسباب التضعيف ومواقف المذاهب النحوية منها.                                &n

يدور الحديث في هذا البحث عن موقف شعراء الدولة الحمدانية حول معالم الفرح بالحبيبة وتجلياته،ووصف عواطفهم وأوضاعهم،و بينت في ذلك البحث جانباً من مشاعرهم المفعمة بالفرح والسكينة ومدى تأثير المرأة وأهميتها في نفوس الشعراء وأذهانهم،ووجدانهم،فضلاً عن أهمية الحب في حياتهم وبواعثه النفسية ،كما سلطت الضوء على اتجاهاتهم وإبداعاتهم فيما يخص ذلك،وبينت مرادهم ودواعي إبداعهم،وقدمت شواهد لهذا النوع من الفرح وكشفت عن

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف الدور الذي لعبته مجلة التراث العلمي العربي في تعزيز ونشر المعارف والعلوم العربية والإسلامية عبر تاريخها، اذ  تتناول الدراسة نشأة المجلة وأهدافها الرئيسية والمستقبلية، وتحلل محتوى أعدادها المختلفة لتحديد أبرز الموضوعات والقضايا العلمية التي تناولتها، كما تسعى إلى تقييم تأثير المجلة في إحياء الاهتمام بالتراث العلمي العربي وإبراز إسهامات العلماء المسلمين في مختلف فروع المع