In the field of hydraulic power plant, the cavitation is responsible of sever erosion which requires periodic unit shutdowns for inspection and repairs. Al-Mosul hydroelectric power plant is chosen as model in this study. Computer programs are developed by using the velocity gradient method to analyze the flow in the runner blades of the turbine (Francis Turbine) to calculate the available cavitation and compared with the critical cavitation. The erosion of the runner material (erosion rate, weight of lost material and mean depth of erosion) is also calculated to limit the operation hours of the power plant. The presented work shows that the cavitation appears on the underside of the turbine (Francis Turbine) blades in the trailing edge

Cadmium is one of the heavy metal found in the wastewater of many industries. The electrocoagulation offers many advantages for the removal of cadmium over other methods. So the removal of cadmium from wastewater by using electrocoagulation was studied to investigate the effect of operating parameters on the removal efficiency. The studied parameters were the initial pH, initial concentration, and applied voltage. The study experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with  with two pairs of aluminum electrodes with dimension  and 2mm in thick with 1.5 cm space between them. The optimum removal was obtained at pH =7, initial concentration = 50 mg/L, and applied voltage = 20 V and it was 90%.

This study was aimed to use the fuzzy logic to employ complex and non-simple models to simple and understandable models that are concerned with no accuracy in the event or the concept itself in the GIS environmental to produce soil degradation maps of the chemical degradation for lands by spatial interpolation method (Inverse Distant Weight). The study area was selected in the province of Babil and within the large Musaaib project. Forty (40) surface samples and 12 profiles were drilled (soil profile). The chemical properties of the soil were then estimated. The results indicated that there were four types of chemical deterioration of the soil, which was characterized by a slight degradation of D1 with an area estimated at 1982.3

Excessive intake of fluoride, mainly through drinking water is a serious health hazard affecting humans worldwide. In this study, the defluoridation capacities of locally available raw waste beef bones have been estimated. Several experimental parameters including contact time, pH, bone dose, fluoride initial concentration, bone grains size, agitation rate, and the effect of co-existence of anions in actual samples of wastewater were studied for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Results indicated excellent fluoride removal effeciency up to 99.7% at fluoride initial concentration of 10 mg F/L and 120 min contact time. Maximum fluoride uptake was obtained at neutral pH range 6-7. Fluoride removal kinetic was well described by the ps

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015, at the fields of Field Crop Department– College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad. The objective was to evaluate response of corn synthetic variety 5018 traits in next generation  to harvesting moisture in the first generation. In spring season 2015, seeds of the synthetic variety 5018 were planted. When moisture of the ear grains was reached the first treatment (37-42%), ten ears were harvested. Ears harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42%, 34-36%, 30-33%, 25- 28% and 19-22% moisture content. In fall season 2015, varietal trail was carried out to the five treatment materials, using Randomized Complete Bock

The cultivars planted are considered one of the important factors affecting the wheat production which work on increasing the productivity of the area unit. Therefore, the research aimed to measure the production efficiency of the exported Turkish wheat cultivar (ADNA 99) in comparing with Iraqi cultivar (IPa 99) for 2014-2015 seasons (Wasit governorate as a case study), based on the field data of a random sample from 84 farms in Wasit. The results showed the effect of the cultivar on the productivity and the inputs used via using the analysis of variance, it showed there is no significant differences between the two cultivars, in addition we have estimated the technical efficiency and the resour

In this paper the experimentally obtained conditions for the fusion splicing with photonic crystal fibers (PCF) having large mode areas were reported. The physical mechanism of the splice loss and the microhole collapse property of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) were studied. By controlling the arc-power and the arc-time of a conventional electric arc fusion splicer (FSM-60S), the minimum loss of splicing for fusion two conventional single mode fibers (SMF-28) was (0.00dB), which has similar mode field diameter. For splicing PCF (LMA-10) with a conventional single mode fiber (SMF-28), the loss was increased due to the mode field mismatch.

The wheat crop is a strategic crop associated with food security. In order to increase the quantity of wheat production to meet the needs of the country, it is necessary to know how to increase the productivity of the unit of area of the crop to reduce the importations. Wheat is implanted in Iraq in large areas, especially in the northern governorates. The quantity of production and productivity for that crop is still limited, Compared to other countries in the neighboring countries and other countries of the world, and often fill the deficit through the import since wheat is implanted in most of the world countries , the average productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq for the period (1970 - 2014) amounted to (258

تُعَدُّ الإمالة ظاهرة صوتية شائعة في اللهجات العربية القديمة وما زالت موجودة في بعض لهجاتنا العامية الحديثة وهي النحو بالفتح نحو الكسرة وبالألف نحو الياء ، وغايتها هو تحقيق الانسجام الصوتي والتماثل والتناسب والتقارب بين الأصوات مما يؤدي إلى السهولة في النطق وهذا ما يبتغيه الناطق العربي.

Background: Refractory/relapsed acute leukemia has always been a challenging problem for hematologist. Over the past decade emphasis has been made in the development of regimens containing fludarabine, combined with cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute leukemias. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of fludarabine, high dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in refractory relapsed cases of acute leukaemia,
Methods: a prospective study is being conducted at the national center of hematology and hematology unit /Baghdad teaching hospital from July 2008 to July 2010.Twenty Patients with refractory/relapsed acute leukemia were treated with flud

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015 , at the fields of Field Crop Department – College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad . The objective was to evaluate the impact of corn grain moisture at harvesting of original population  to some agronomic traits  in subsequent generation of the variety 5018. In spring season 2015 , a seeds population  of this variety were  planted. When the  moisture of ear grains was go to the first treatment (37-42%) , ten ears were harvested . Ear harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42% , 34-36% , 30-33% , 25- 28% and 19-22%  moisture content . Ten ears were harvested from each treatment . In fal

     The present study aimed to compare between the amniotic and pericardial membranes for the wound dressing models. Ten local breed rabbits have been used in the current study. They were divided into two main equal groups: Experiment (Amniotic and pericardial membranes) and control group.  According to healing periods each group was subdivided into four subgroups (7, 14, 21 and 28) days post wounding. Specimens of amniotic membranes were collected from full term pregnant cows, and pericardium was obtained from abattoir immediately after slaughtering. The study was conducted on skin wound for experiment application site as full-thickness skin wounds (3×3 cm) were done on the dorsal thoracic sides. Histopatholog

تُثير حياة العامل بعد التقاعد اشكاليات قانونية عديدة ، تسعى التشريعات الاجتماعية للتخفيف من وطئتها ؛ بخلق قواعد قانونية تتصف بالمرونة والإنتصاف، إعترافاً بفضل العاملين و جهودهم في زيادة الإنتاجية.  و تأتي هذه الورقة البحثية لتستقصي مدى فعالية تلك التشريعات العُمالية بموجب قانون المعاشات والتأمينات الإجتماعية الإماراتي. و في ظل رغبة المُشّرِع الإماراتي لتعزيز حق الفرد في تأمينه ضد خطر التعطٌل عن العمل

تتطور الجرائم الإلكترونية بسرعة مع تقدم التكنولوجيا وبلوغها أبعادًا جديدة بطريقة تطمس الخطوط الفاصلة بين ما هو حقيقي وما هو مُحاكى. أصبحت تقنية التزييف العميق  Deepfake جزءًا من الجرائم الإلكترونية. تتميز تقنية التزييف العميق  Deepfake بأن لها ميزات مماثلة لتقنية CGI ( Computer Generated Images) في  نطاق صناعة السينما، مما يجعل من الممكن إنشاء مقاطع فيديو  أو صور باستخدام أذرع الذكاء الإصطناعي وبطريقة واقعية للغاية

تناولت الدراسة وسيلة من أهم وسائل تحقيق الاستقرار في المراكز القانونية العقدية لعقود التجارة الدولية، ألا وهي إعادة التفاوض، وتتجلى أهمية هذه الوسيلة من وسائل مراجعة العقود إلى اعتبارات عديدة أهمها اعتبارات العدالة، فإذا كان مبدأ العقد شريعة المتعاقدين يعتبر أهم مصادر قوة العقد كمصدر من مصادر الإلتزام، وإذا كانت حالات تدخل القضاء لمعالجة عدم استقرار المراكز الاقتصادية في العقد محدودة للغاية، فإن الأطرا

A road network uses rigid pavement for various purposes, still, it can face several challenges, including cracking from temperature changes, shrinkage, load stress application, brittleness, and flexural and tensile weakness. The thickness of rigid pavement significantly influences its performance and durability. A thicker slab distributes weight more effectively on the subgrade; however, greater thickness significantly raises construction costs, requires more resources, and negatively impacts the natural environment. The purpose of this study is to find out how adding a 1% volume fraction of steel and glass fiber in single and hybrid shapes changes the mechanical properties of concrete and pavement thickness. The compres

Several techniques are used to improve the channels' heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. One of the methods used for these improvements is porous media (PM). This research deals with an experimental study of heat transfer by forced convection inside a square-shaped channel (0.12 x 0.12 m²) with a length of (0.5 m) and a hydraulic diameter of (0.12 m). The heat flux (4791.7 W/m²) is exposed below the test section, and other walls are thermally insulated. The air was used as the working fluid for the Reynolds number range (2689.6 to 5806.3). The channel was partially filled with the PM (glass spheres with 5mm diameter) by taking three different heights layers (20, 40, and 60 mm) and knowing

This work presents a comparison between the Convolutional Encoding CE, Parallel Turbo code and Low density Parity Check (LDPC) coding schemes with a MultiUser Single Output MUSO Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system over multipath fading channels. The decoding technique used in the simulation was iterative decoding since it gives maximum efficiency at higher iterations. Modulation schemes used is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM. An 8 pilot carrier were
used to compensate channel effect with Least Square Estimation method. The channel model used is Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel with Technical Specification TS 25.101v2.10 and 5 MHz bandwidth bandwidth including the channels of indoor to outdoor/ pedestrian

تعد مرحلة التعليم الجامعي من المراحل التعليمية المهمة في حياة الطالبات، كونها مرحلة جديدة لها افاق ومجالات واسعة، سواء أكانت في الجانب الاكاديمي أم الاجتماعي فهي تعتبر بوابة المستقبل بالنسبة للطالبات، لذا يجب الاهتمام أن يكون لديهم رضا عن تخصصهم الدراسي لكي تكون لديهم القدرة على الاندماج الاكاديمي في الجامعة، وهدفت الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف على ما يأتي.

1_الرضا عن التخصص الدراسي لدى طالبات قسم رياض ا

The road transportation system is considered as major component of the infrastructure in any country, it affects the developments in economy and social activities. The Asphalt Concrete which is considered as the major pavement material for the road transportation system in Baghdad is subjected to continuous deterioration with time due to traffic loading and environmental conditions, it was felt that implementing a comprehensive pavement maintenance management system (PMMS), which should be capable for preserving the functional and structural conditions of pavement layers, is essential. This work presents the development of PMMS with Visual inspection technique for evaluating the Asphalt Concrete pavement surface condition; common types o

Software Defined Networking (SDN) allows for more flexible network administration than traditional architectures. Software-defined networks (SDNs) efficiently manage data flows and optimize network resources. However, heterogeneity influences the quality of the services. (QoS) needs and network resource demands. They behave differently when traveling to their last point. Currently, numerous data center networks (DCNs) struggle with the unfair use of several network resources by big packets (Elephant flowing) arriving during any instant affecting specific flows (mice flow). Elephant Flows (EF) account for just a small percentage of the entire traffic. Nevertheless, they are considered Long-lasting (LLF) and often burn net

 يهدف البحث الى بيان مبدأ احترام السيادة الاقليمية للدولة والتي تُعد من اهم المصطلحات في اطار القانون الدولي العام لكونها احد اهم العناصر المكونة للدولة والتي من خلالها تمارس الدولة سلطاتها على اقليمها داخلياً وخارجياً، لذلك ركز القانون الدولي على وجوب احترامها وعدم انتهاكها من خلال النص عليها في الاتفاقيات والمواثيق الدولية ومن اهمها ميثاق الامم المتحدة لعام 1945 الذي أكد على ضرورة احترام سيادة الدول م

The two dimensional steady, combined forced and natural convection in vertical channel is
investigated for laminar regime. To simulate the Trombe wall channel geometry properly, horizontal
inlet and exit segments have been added to the vertical channel. The vertical walls of the channel are
maintained at constant but different temperature while horizontal walls are insulated. A finite
difference method using up-wind differencing for the nonlinear convective terms, and central
differencing for the second order derivatives, is employed to solve the governing differential
equations for the mass, momentum, and energy balances. The solution is obtained for stream
function, vorticity and temperature as dependent variables

Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM), often referred to as "subnetting a subnet", is used to maximize addressing efficiency. The network administrator is able to use a long mask on networks with few hosts, and a short mask on subnets with many hosts. This addressing scheme allows growth and does not involve wasting addresses. VLSM gives a way of subnetting a network with
minimal loses of IP addresses for a specific range. Unfortunately, the network administrator has to perform several mathematical steps (or use charts) to get the required results from VLSM. In this paper, a simple graph simulator is proposed (using Visual Basic 6.0 Language) to perform all the required mathematical steps and to display the obtained required informatio

Due to the great evolution in digital commercial cameras, several studies have addressed the using of such cameras in different civil and close-range applications such as 3D models generation. However, previous studies have not discussed a precise relationship between a camera resolution and the accuracy of the models generated based on images of this camera. Therefore the current study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the derived 3D buildings models captured by different resolution cameras. The digital photogrammetric methods were devoted to derive 3D models using the data of various resolution cameras and analyze their accuracies. This investigation involves selecting three different resolution cameras (low, medium and

The significance of the work is to introduce the new class of open sets, which is said Ǥ- -open set with some of properties. Then clarify how to calculate the boundary area for these sets using the upper and lower approximation and obtain the best accuracy.

In this paper, we used the maximum likelihood estimation method to find the estimation values ​​for survival and hazard rate functions of the Exponential Rayleigh distribution based on a sample of the real data for lung cancer and stomach cancer obtained from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment, Department of Medical City, Tumor Teaching Hospital, depending on patients' diagnosis records and number of days the patient remains in the hospital until his death.

     In this paper, a solar concentrator is designed in the form of a concave half-cylindrical mirror consisting of polygonal reflective surface plates. The plates are arranged to give a hemispherical shape to the design. These surfaces work to receive solar radiation and focusing by reflecting it to the receiver that is placed in front of the reflecting surfaces. The results are compared with a system consisting of a concave reflecting surface of the same dimensions to obtain a good criterion for evaluating the design performance. The results showed a low acceptance angle for the design for all the samples used due to the geometrical design nature. The optical efficiency affected by the angle of incidence greatly by

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using alcoholic extract of yangadnia leaves on some bacterial strain Salmonella typhimiurum, E.coli  and  staphylococcus aures  in 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration using digging method. Minced cow meat 200 mg/ml   was mixed with yangdina extract and stored for 0,2,4 day at 4 C and tested for chemical and biological characteristics. The ruselts showed that the best concetration of inhibition was 200mg/ml and the inhibition zone diameters were 26, 19, 15 mm for S. aures, S. typhimiurm    and E .coli  respectively. In respect to Effect of extract in minced cow the ruselts sho

This study was aimed, extraction and purification of beta-Galactosidase from local almond(Amygdalus communis)  for lactose intolerance treatment. The best one among 10 methods method of the extraction was using sodium phosphate buffer at 0.2 molar. Which was  achieves the highest specific activity amounted to 3.66unit/mg protein. Then, partial purification of enzyme was done using five methods. The highest specific activity was obtained using the method of precipitation with ammonium sulphate at 30-70% since the specific activity was 15.85units/mg protein. Which represented the best way to precipitation the enzyme. Three iso enzymes were obtained. One of them was taken for its high specific activity(20