Sphingolipids (SLs) are major structural constituents of eukaryotes, including the kinetoplastid parasite Leishmania. SLs are important for cellular trafficking and signaling and participate in different cell functions, such as, differentiation and cell death (apoptosis). In this study we have investigated the viability of Leishmania major wild type (W.T) and L. major knockout LmLCB2, one of two subunits of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) after treatment with myriocin (potent inhibitor of SPT) in order to detect the survival and proliferation of the parasites in vitro. This is to focus on the de novo sphingolipids biosynthesis pathway in both Leishmania wild type which can synthesize SPT and knockout Leishmania which genetically ablated

This review article summarizes our research focused on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) nanocrystals, including their synthesis and implementation as the active light absorbing material in photovoltaic devices (PVs). CIGS thin films were prepared by arrested precipitation from molecular precursors consisting of CuCl, InCl3, GaCl3 and Se metal onto Mo/soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates. We have sought to use CIGS nanocrystals synthesized with the desired stoichiometry to deposit PV device layers without high temperature processing. This approach, using spray deposition of the CIGS light absorber layers, without high temperature selenization, has enabled up to 1.5 % power conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 solar illumination. The composition and morphology

(Sepak takraw) is a game that mixes football and volleyball, it is played on a court similar to a badminton court, in which players have the right to play the ball with any part of the body except the arm and hand. The object of the game is to return the ball to the opponent's court and score a point. Since it is a newly emerging game, all aspects related to it must be studied and covered in order to reach the highest levels, and it is known that each game or sporting activity has its own physical and motor capabilities, which is important to determine the level of technical performance, as the game's abilities contribute to mastering the skills. The importance of research in determining standard levels of physical and motor abilities for y

The interest in calcium phosphates arises from the fact that bones contain a high percentage of mineralized calcium phosphate . In this study, pure and biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder was successfully synthesized using hen’s egg shell as calcium source and phosphoric acid by precipitation method.The precipitate obtained was subjected to ripenning process for 24 hours, filtered, air dried, and calcined at temperatures of 400,800,900,and 1000 ºC.
X-Ray diffraction(XRD) technique was used to investigate the formation of HAP powder, XRD results revealed the HAP formation and also indicate no occurrence of secondary phases. Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR) spectrum shows the characterstic peaks for phosphate and hydroxyl grou

A vascular necrosis (AVN) is defined as cellular death of bone components due to interruption of the blood supply; the bone structures then collapse, resulting in bone destruction, pain, and loss of joint function. AVN is associated with numerous conditions and usually involves the epiphysis of long bones, such as the femoral head. In clinical practice, AVN is most commonly encountered in the hip. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can delay the need for joint replacement. However, most patients present late in the disease course. Without treatment, the process is almost always progressive, leading to joint destruction within 5 years. Treatment of a vascular necrosis depends mainly on early diagnosis which mainly based on clinical

In This paper, sky radio emission background level associated with radio storm burst for the Sun and Jupiter is determined at frequency (20.1 MHz). The observation data for radio Jove telescope for the Sun and Jupiter radio storm observations data are loaded from NASA radio Jove telescope website, the data of Sunspot number are loaded from National Geophysical Data Center, (NGDC). Two radio Jove stations [(Sula, MT), (Lamy, NM)] are chose from data website for these huge observations data. For the Sun, twelve figures are used to determine the relation between radio background emission, and the daily Sunspot number. For Jupiter a twenty four figures are used to determine the relation between radio background emission and diffraction betwe

The appearance of Mixed Mode Oscillations (MMOs) and chaotic spiking in a Light Emitting Diode (LED) with optoelectronic feedback theoretically and experimentally have been reported. The transition between periodic and chaotic mixed-mode states has been investigated by varying feedback strength. In incoherent semiconductor chaotically spiking attractors with optoelectronic feedback have been observed to be the result of canard phenomena in three-dimensional phase space (incomplete homoclinic scenarios).

The migration from IPv4 to IPv6 can not be achieved in a brief period, thus both protocols co-exist at certain years. IETF Next Generation Transition Working Group (NGtrans) developed IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanisms. Since Iraq infrastructure, including universities, companies and institutions still use IPv4 protocol only. This research article tries to highlight, discuss a required transition roadmap and extend the local knowledge and practice on IPv6. Also, it introduces a prototype model using Packet tracer (network simulator) deployed for the design and implementation of IPv6 migration. Finally, it compares and evaluates the performance of IPv6, IPv4 and dual stack using OPNET based on QoS metrics such as throughput, delay and point to

This study explores the preparation, structural, and spectroscopic characterization of activated carbon derived from date pits using calcium chloride as an activating agent. Date pits, an abundant agricultural by-product, were processed into activated carbon through chemical activation with varying ratios of calcium chloride. The resulting activated carbon samples were thoroughly analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). XRD analysis confirmed the presence of crystalline and amorphous carbon phases, with diffraction peaks corresponding to the 101, 110, and 20 planes, indicating successful ca

Manuscript (Tuhfat Al-Ashaba and the Nuzha Al-Kulbab) by Ahmed bin Ibrahim Al-Hanafi Al-Suruji (d.710 AH / 1310 AD), one of the important manuscripts as an encyclopedia characterized by the diversity of its topics

An experimental study was conducted to determine the performance of a solar electric refrigeration system. The system contained flat photovoltaic solar panel which absorbs the solar energy and convert it to electrical energy, used to run the refrigeration cycle. Two refrigeration cycles with electrical solar panel were used over a period of 12 months, the first one with classical parts known in refrigeration cycle, while the second one introduced heat exchanger which improves the coefficient of performance by saving the consumed energy. The coefficient of performance of these refrigeration cycles with compressor efficiency 85% are 2.102 and 2.57 respectively. The overall efficiency of the two systems are 18.9% and 23.13%.

ان التفكير القانوني السليم الذي يصل إلى نتائج قانونية سليمة هواساس الملكة القانونية التي تعرف بانها هي: قدرة الشخص القانوني على فهم اللغة القانونية لفظاً ومعنى والتعايش فيها والتعامل معها وإدراك وانتقاء ما يمكن منها من ألفاظ عند الحاجة إليها أثناء العمل والتعامل المهني ، ولكن لا يوجد لهذا التفكير منهجية في الفقه محددة ومعينة، كما لا يوجد للملكة حجم ثابت او حد معين، بل هي مرنة تتسع وتكبر كلما ملأها صاحبها با

تواجه طلاب التصميم الداخلي مجموعة من التحديات في فهم الإبداع وتطبيقه أثناء التصميم وهناك العديد من التقنيات والأساليب للطلاب لتشجيع عملية التصور الإبداعي للتصميم.وتعد حل المشكلات الابداعية واحدة من أكثر التقنيات فاعلية التي تساعد في تحقيق الإبداع في العملية التصميمية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى التحقيق وتحليل طريقة حل المشكلات الإبداعية وعلاقتها بالإبداع ،وهنا يتم التحقيق في مدى فهم الطلاب للعملية الابداعية وك

The working of the some designer was recognize by the Production and introduction of the design which have special stemp and style determind by the experience and the Knowledge ability for the Designer which change the ordinaries shape to the develops shaps bening ideas and new meanings un known to the viewen make the design at high level of creative and the designer acquest experiennce and new skill in his way for the designs and the art march-out which clearly demonstrate on all the graphical work so the high research conserned on the knowledge and detect about the methods constructing of the ability and expernence for the graphic designer become it is decisive worker in effective or net effective the designers work and any consist whi

المقدمة: النزف الدموي تحت الام الجافية المزمن هو تجمع الدم في المجال تحت الام الجافية لأكثر من 3 أسابيع من بداية النزف. من المرجح أن تحصل في مرحلة 

الهدف من الدراسة: لتعيين المميزات الأكثر شيوعالطفولة وبعد سن 60 عاما. حدوث الورم الدموي تحت الام الجافية هو 1-2 لكل 100,000 شخص سنويا.ا في النزف الدموي تحت الام القاسية مثل: العمر، والعوامل المؤهلة وال

The importance of government Expenditure policy in economy come from its role leading to the mitigation and adjustment of fluctuations in macroeconomic variables caused by imbalance between aggregate demand and aggregate supply,  It is associated with the efficient management of government Expenditure to reinforcement the relationship between government Expenditure and the overall economic system .

Regarding the Iraqi economy,the increasing in financial rentier after the political change in 2003 has led to finance the budgets Characterized by consumption,The government Expenditure employed to encourage government employment in services jobs, and find different channels for the distribution of

خلفية الموضوع :ان العمود الفقري يصاب بالاكياس المائية بنسبة قليلة جدا (1%), بالرغم من التقدم التقني بالتصوير الشعاعي والعاج الجراحي والعقاقير الطبية لازال المرض ينتج عنه درجة عالية من العوق والمعانات و الوفيات.
الغاية من الدراسة:هو تقيم الاعراض السريرية والفحوصات الشعاعية ونتائج العلاج الجراحي من ناحية حدوث المضاعافات والوفيات وتحسن الحالة العصبية السريرية للمريض.
طرق العمل:دراسه رجعية وم

 .تبرز أهمية هذا البحث في استخدام التمرينات الرياضية؛ لرفع مستوى اللياقة العضلية الهيكلية لمنتسبي الجامعة الذين تتطلب اعمالهم استخدام الكمبيوتر لفترات طويلة نسبياُ ؛ للحفاظ على صحتهم والاستفادة القصوى من قدراتهم العقلية ومنحهم الشعور الجيد بالحيوية والطاقة ، وقد لاحظ الباحثان من خلال متابعة تردد منتسبي الجامعة لقاعة اللياقة البدنية مشكلة البحث متمثلة بوجود تدني واضح لحالة الافراد الصحية الذين يعانون

The research revolves around the views of Al-Amadi and Al-Jurjani in the metaphors in their books, balancing Abu Tammam and Al-Bohtari, and mediation between Mutanabi and his opponents. And others whose poems were cited. One of the most important things we have reached is: the critics release the term metaphor to take sometimes and mean to take the meaning or steal it, and analyzed the evidence of metaphor as a rhetorical art in the light of what he heard about the former Arab poets, rejected the unusual metaphor out of use, and reclaimed the familiar metaphor. The research after submitted to the topics are: the first: Al-Amadi and his budget book, the second: Al-Jurjani and his book of mediation, and the third is divided into three dema

الخلاصة:

خلفیة: إستعمال المھدئات في العنایة المركزة ینبغي أن تسمح للمریض أن یكون ھادئا ومتعاونا وفي الوقت نفسه سھولة التحفیز الصوتي دون تأخیر الفطام وكذلك عدم الاعتماد على أجھزة التنفس المیكانیكیة لفترات طویلة. في ھذه الدراسة قمنا بمقارنة تأثیر عقاري الدیكسمیدیتومیدین و البروبوفول كمھدئات للمرضى الذین ھم في حالة حرجة.

الھدف من الدر

خلفية البحث : ان جهاز قياس التنفس هو وسيله لقياس تضيق المجاري الهوائية ومدى استجابتها لموسع القصبات عند التشخيص للحالات السريريه , وفي تحديد نوع العلاج , وفي التمييز بين الربو القصبي وانسداد القصبات المزمن . في هذا البحث تم قياس السعة الحيويه القصوى والحجم الزفيري الاعلى في الثانيه وذلك قبل وبعد اعطاء موسع القصبات وقياس الفرق في الحالات الطبيعيه لحجوم الرئه وجريان الهواء فيها .

مقدمة: سرطان الغدة الدرقية الحلمي هو السرطان الأكثر شيوعا بين سرطان الغدة الدرقية. تصنف الحالات

المرضية بعد الفحص الخلوي حسب نظام بيثيسدا الى ستة فئات. ألفئة الخامسة- أ تسمى ( الفئة المشبوهة لسرطان الغدة الدرقية الحليمي). تعالج هذه الحالة جراحيا برفع فص الغدة الدرقية الحاوي للمرض وترسل للفحص النسيجي يليها استئصال الغدة الدرقية الكلي إذا تاكد سرطان الغدة الدرقية الحليم

This study was carried out to detect the Cryptosporidium spp in Karbala province, Iraq from. December 2019 to September 2020. Age, sex, and months interference with parasite prevalence were studied. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from adults and young and from both sexes of human. Fecal samples were subjected to conventional methods (Flotation Methods by Sheather's sugar solution and stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen) for parasite diagnosis. The result recorded that the infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp was 26%. The age group of 2-6 years had the highest infection rate comparing to other age groups ranged from 12-25 years yet was marginal significant (P<0.06). Regarding sex, there was no

Background:

عرفت الكفالة منذ القدم كونها الضمان الشخصي الاكثر استخداماً سواء على مستوى الاعمال التجارية او المدنية داخلياً وخارجياً، الا انها عانت من نقاط الضعف من وجهة نظر الدائنين، فكانت أغلب القوانين تسعى الى حماية الكفيل على حساب الدائن علاوة على قيامها على مبدأ التبعية، مما حدا الدائنين للبحث عن وسيلة ضمان شخصي أكثر أماناً، وانطلاقاً من الحرية التعاقدية نشأت الضمانات المستقلة بدءاً بالممارسة العملية، تلتها مرح