تعد الدولة الرسولية التي حكمت بلاد اليمن ( 626-858هـ / 1229-1454م ) ، احدى الدول الإسلامية التي كان لها نصيب وافر في الدراسات التاريخية المعاصرة ، ولعل من أسباب اهتمام الدارسين بها ان هذه الدولة استطاعت ان توحد اليمن ، كما انها كانت من اكثر الدول استقراراَ واطولها بقاءاَ ،  ولها حضوراَ سياسياَ في التاريخ اليمني ، لذلك اهتمت اهتماماَ كبيرا بديوان الانشاء الذي عد مظهر من مظاهر الاستقرار والاصالة السياسية والإدار

لخلاصة تشغل قضايا الهوية محور اهتمام الكثير من الباحثين والدارسين في بنية المجتمعات ومستقبل الدول, وفي كثير من الدراسات التي كتبها هؤلاء كان هناك ميل نحو دراسة الهوية وعلاقتها بحركة الدول تقدما وتراجعا ,فهناك من عزا تقدم دولة ما إلى نجاح نخبها السياسية في صناعة هوية جامعة لحالة التنوع الذي يميز مجتمعها, ويمكن ان تشير الى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية كأنموذج للنجاح في هذا الاطار.وهناك من ارجع

        تنتمي جميع الانواع الحية من الانسان الى نوع بيولوجي واحد وهو الانسان العاقل ، الذي تعايش على البقاء في كل بيئة طبيعية كما تعايش مع انواع الايكولوجيات البيئية والنباتية والحيوانية ، بالرغم من التضحيات خلال الفترات الزمنية الطويلة ، الا ان الانسان انتصر وتكاثر في ايطاليا ، وقد تبين ان سلالة الانسان الايطالي تعود الى صنفين من البشر الاول دخل الى ايطاليا عن طريق اوربا الوسطى والصنف الاخ

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the refractive technique that began with a physical scraping of the epithelial layer of cornea subsequent by laser treatment. Post this procedure to about 48 hours the removed epithelial layer regenerated to protect the eye again. The regeneration process (called re-epithelization) started from the limbus of the cornea toward the central part of it. The re-epithelization mechanism consists of a change in cell density (mitosis) and cell concentration (migration) with a velocity in two directions: radial and tangential. In the present study, an estimation for both radial (responsible for the overlapped layers toward the outward direction of the cornea) and tangential comp

تقدم هذه الورقة البحثية خوارزمية مبتكرة تهدف إلى تحسين أداء نظام حركة المحرك الخطوي الذي يعمل بنظام الحلقة المفتوحة من خلال إغلاق الحلقة باستخدام اجهزة ذات كلفة معقولة ، تحقق الخوارزمية المقترحة مستوى أعلى من المرونة من حيث السرعة ومدى الاوزان المسموح بها لأجهزة S / R. تم تصميم الخوارزمية للعمل ضمن نظام تحكم موزع (DCS) ، حيث تعمل وحدات تحكم متعددة معًا لتلبية متطلبات المستخدم. من خلال تقليل متطلبات الأجهزة ، وق

من خلال كون الباحثان ملاكما سابقا، فقد لحظ كثرة إصابة الذراعين لدى الملاكمين، ومن جانب اخر فان اطلاع الباحثان على الدراسات والبحوث السابقة وجد ان وتركيزها على إصابات الملاكمين دون التركيز على الوقاية من الإصابة منها، فضلا عن ذلك قلة اهتمام المدربون بإجراءات الوقاية من الإصابة، واقتصارها على ارتداء الواقيات والباندجات واهمال الجانب الاخر من الوقاية وهي تهيئة العضلات والجسم بصورة عامة نحو مقاومة الإصابة و

       The present paper focuses on studying a rhetorical form often used in Spanish linguistic discourse .It also examines the study two sides (theoretical and practical), the concept of metaphor, the most important modern school that deals with this issue, the development of this technique and its relationship with other intellectual ideologies, and the role metaphor plays in interpreting the meaning of the linguistic discourse especially in conveying political message. The study allows the formulation and the creation of a conceptual picture for the purposes of metaphor in the linguistic discourse used in Spanish press. It investigates discursive models from the Spanish press,

The calculation. of the nuclear. charge. density. distributions. ρ(r) and root. mean. square. radius.( RMS ) by elastic. electron. scattering. of medium. mass. nuclei. such. as (⁹⁰Zr, ⁹²Mo) based. on the model. of the modified. shell. and the use of the probability. of occupation. on the surface. orbits. of level 2p, 2s eroding. shells. and 1g gaining. shells. The occupation probabilities of these states differ noticeably from the predictions of the SSM. We have found. an improvement. in the determination. of ground. charge. density. and this improvement. allow. more precise. identification. of (CDD) between. (⁹²Mo- ⁹⁰Zr) to illustrate the influence of the extra

هدف البحث الى بناء بطارية اختبار بدنية لانتقاء حراس المرمى بكرة القدم لأعمار (10– 12) سنة. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي للتوصل الى حل مشكلة البحث. كما اشتمل مجتمع البحث على حراس المرمى بكرة القدم ولأعمار (10 -12) سنة، وبلغ عددهم (66) حارساً وكما يأتي (10) حراس للتجربة الاستطلاعية و(56)حارساً لعينة البناء. ومن أجل الحصول على البيانات والمعلومات المتعلقة بموضوع البحث استخدم الباحث وسائل الملاحظة، المراجع

الباب الأول: تضمن هذا الباب المقدمة وأهمية البحث التي تطرق الباحث من خلاله إلى العوامل التي تؤثر في رفع مستويات التعلم المهاري وتداخلها وأهمية كل عامل ، وتطرقت أيضاً إلى الأهمية من بحثه والحاجة له في معرفة تأثير مستوى الثقة بالنفس بمستوى التعلم المهاري لمسكات الرمي في المصارعة الرومانية ، وتضمن أيضاً مشكلة البحث التي أوردها الباحث بشكل مختصر ووافي فكانت الضعف في مستوى التعلم المهاري لمسكات الرمي في المصار

Abstract 

     The aim of this work is to create a power control system for wind turbines based on fuzzy logic. Three power control loop was considered including: changing the pitch angle of  the blade, changing the length of the blade and turning the nacelle. The stochastic law was given for changes and instant inaccurate assessment of wind conditions changes. Two different algorithms were used for fuzzy inference in the control loop, the Mamdani and Larsen algorithms. These two different algorithms are materialized and developed in this study in Matlab-Fuzzy logic toolbox which has been practically implemented using necessary intelligent control system in electrical engineerin

Background: Acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) is one of the most common diagnoses
in hospitalized patients. The stimulus that
initiates the acute inflammatory process in AMI
has not been identified. Conventional risk
factors account only for approximately half of
the patients with clinically apparent
atherosclerosis which can leads to AMI.
Recently a potential link between infectious
agents and atherosclerosis has been suggested
Objective: To find a possible association
between Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori)
infection and AMI.
Method: We studied the prevalence of antiH. pylori antibodies in 94 patients who were
admitted with the diagnosis of AMI and a
similar number of healthy individuals w

Background: Bicycling is a type of aerobic exercise that it is beneficial for the health of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems .In this study, utilization of some of electrophysiological tests is to assess changes , from the functional point of view, in the peripheral nerves & their muscles that occur in relation to maximal exercise.
patients & methods: 100 young healthy males , age (18-35) years old, were collected during the period from 1st of April to 1st of October 2008 at the department of neurophysiology in the Ibn Sinna teaching hospital , Mosul city. They underwent electroneurographic assessment of common peroneal & tibial nerves, in addition to electromyographic as

Background: Kisspeptin the product of the gene Kiss1 is a G-protein coupled receptor legend for GPR54. Kiss1 was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis. It is recently become clear that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role in initiating GnRH secretion at puberty, the extent of which is an area of ongoing research.
Objective: The present study was designed to determine the change of plasma kisspeptin levels during the menstrual cycle
Materials & Methods: A total of 20 women from friends and relatives pool were involved in this study. Selected from frinds and relative .They were selected after meas

Background: Multiple tumors in the nervous system is a rare event..
Patient & Method: .A forty two years old male who was enjoying completely healthy life presented with one week history of a single attack of confusion .he was presented with double tumour in the brain operated up on our department by craniotomy.
Results: His neurological clinical examination was negative. A CT scan & MRI of the brain showed two intracranial space occupying lesions. A solid right frontal lesion and another cystic lesion in the third ventricle. . The pathology proved the frontal lesion to be a meningioma while the third ventricular tumour was colloid cyst. Post operative period was uneventful. Follow up for few months showed no complaint.

Background: Extensive reports denote the biological role of trace elements (Cu Zn ", Se ') in many various physiological and pathological conditions, one of the list is shown to be Behcet's disease (BD).The aim of this study was directed towards the distribution of trace elements (Cu 2,Zn, 2,Se 2) in sera of BD patients, and control groups.
Methods: Fifty Arab Iraqi patients who fulfdled the ISO criteria for diagnosis BD.compared with 21 patients control with recurrent oral ulcer (ROU), healthy control groups (2Ihealthy relative and 21healthy volunteer). Typing HLA Class I was carried out at Alkarama hospital, by using microlympho-cytotoxicity test. The concentrations of serum Cu ', Zn ", and Se" were determined by atomic absorption s

Background: Acute cholecystitis is common surgical
problem, which was treated previously by conservative
treatment .Later early open has been introduced as an
alternative to interval for treatment of acute cholecystitis.
Early open was found to be a safe, successful with
comparable postoperative complication rate. With the
advent of laparoscopy laparoscopic have been used for
chronic cholecystitis and became the first line of
treatment. New reports have shown that laparoscopic can
be used as an alternative to open for surgical treatment of
acute cholecystitis.
Objectives: to compare the success, safety of early
laparoscopic versus early open as a primary treatment of
acute cholecystitis.
Methods:

The effect of α-particle irradiation on the optical absorption in nuclear track detectors (LR115) has been studied. These detectors have been irradiated with different doses. The optical absorption has been measured using the ultraviolet-visible (UV-1100) spectroscopy, that irradiation results in shifting the peaks of the optical absorption. The values of Urbach energy have been calculated from the position of steady-state optical band gap energy, for a standard sample which was unirradiated with indirect influence, has been found 1.9 eV  whereas its value after irradiation 1.98 eV. In case of the direct influence, it is found to be, respectively, before irradiation 1.98 eV and after irradiation 2.05 eV. From these results, we can

In order to demonstrated the pathologic changes and immune response of Brucella aboruls strain 19. Vaccinated guinea pigs were experimentally infected With Nocardia asteroides, 24 guinea pigs of both six were divided into four equal groups. The first group was inoculated sub-cutaneously with Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. The second group was inoculated inuapulmonary with 1 X 103 C.F.U of viable Nocardia asteroides. Thirty days post-inoculation the first, second and third groups were challenged intrapulmonary with 2.5 K 109 C.F.U. of Nocardia asteroides, the last group served as control. The results showed that mortality was 100 % in non~ vaccinated -animals, 33.4 % in immunized animals with Nocardia asteroides and zero in Brucella

An investigation was conducted effect of addition co- solvent on solvent extraction process for two types of a lubricating oil fraction (spindle) and (SAE-30) obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery. In this study two types of co-solvents ( formamide and N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone) were blended with furfural to extract aromatic hydrocarbons which are the undesirable materials in raw lubricating oil, in order to improve the viscosity index, viscosity and yield of produced lubricating oil. The studied operating condition are extraction temperature range from 70 to 110 °C for formamide and 80 to 120 °C for N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone, solvent to oil ratio range from 1:1 to 2:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with form

The aim of this study to detect Cryptospordiosis among children (1 day –10 years) in some Wadi Al-Shati areas (Brack ,Akar,Al-Qurda and

Wanzreek). A total of 280 faecal samples were examined by flotation with sheather s’ sugar solution and acid fast staining techniques to detect Cryptospordium oocysts .The results of study demonstrated that 29 samples (10 .3 % ) were positive with highest infection rates in young children between ( days and 1-2

years, which reached 34.2 % and 23 % respectively.

This study deals with the subject of violence, but from another perspective, it has not been emphasized in contemporary studies of violence in Arabic and raqi universities, which is the structural or institutional aspect of violence. Traditional studies have focused their analysis of violence on the direct side the violence, The other side of the violence is the hidden violence, which is characterized by a lack of clarity of the underlying factors and its effects are not arises, which makes it the most serious violence, which requires a deep research into the social, political, economic, cultural and psychological structure of society (individuals and institutions). This study was based on the theory of the Norwegian scientist (J

ان التثقيف الصحي يعمل على الارتقاء بالمعارف والمعلومات وتغيير السلوكيات الصحية للمجتمع. لتقييم اثر التوعية والتثقيف الصحي للحصول على قاعدة معلومات لتقييم فعالية الرسائل الصحية الموجهة الى المجتمع والتزود بالبيانات اللازمة لمتابعة تحقيق اهداف البرامج الصحية والوقائية المتفق عليها دوليا" كأساس للعمل المستقبلي ولخلق مجتمعا واعياً مثقفاً مشاركاً فعالاً متبنياً سلوكيات صحية .تم اختيار عينة عشوائية منتظمة

Tea tree oil, extracted from the leaves of1Melaleuca alternifolia, is `known for 1its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate its chemical composition, antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans, and free radical1 scavenging capacity. Evaluating the inhibitory activity of tea tree essential1 oil1. Essential oil was obtained via steam 1distillation from air-dried 1leaves. Chemical constituents were analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis. Antifungal1 activity was assessed1 by agar dilution assays at concentrations of 200–2,000 µg/ml. Antioxidant1 activity was determined using the DPPH assay within the 12.5–200 μL range. GC

Thin films of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped Chromium oxide (Cr2O3)  with a thickness of  nm and a doping ratio  of (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)%  employed on glass and n-type porous silicon substrates by using Pulsed laser ablation technique. A Cr2O3: TiO2/PSi heterojunction for a gas sensor device was synthesized with Nd: YAG laser with 1064nm wavelength with 500 pulses of  laser energy 600mJ. The effect of the dopant concentration ratios on absorption coefficient ,optical energy gap and gas sensing properties such as  sensitivity, responsivity and recovery times in the presence of 400ppm concentration of H₂S gas, were studied and discussed. The doped samples showed increased absorption coefficient values with higher doping con

Nanofertilizers offer a promising solution to increase crop yields amid increasing population pressure. Yet  there have been safety concerns about their use, particularly in challenging conditions. This work was designed to assess the toxicological effects of a chelated multi-micronutrient nanofertilizer on albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) as non-target organisms, focusing on the liver, which has important metabolic functions. Thirty-five animals were weighed and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=7). A negative control group was included, and four experimental groups (C1-C4) were given the test item. The dosing regimen for the experimental groups was 15 oral doses of nanofertilizer every other day for 29 days. All the groups

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in healthcare facilities has become a critical area of research due to its significant influence on patient health, staff safety, and operational efficiency. This study examines the levels of various indoor air pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), humidity, and temperature, in multiple healthcare units within the Medical City of Baghdad from September to the end of December of 2024 from different units, such as consulting units, waiting halls, corridors, and emergency rooms. Different IAQ monitoring systems that provide real-time measurements of these parameters were used in this study. The findings show that CO2 levels tend to

In this paper, we investigated the concept of ε-diskcyclic operators on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space . A bounded linear operator  is called -diskcyclic if there exists a vector in  such that its disk orbit  visits every cone of aperture . That is, for every non-zero vector in , there exist in  where  and  in  such that . Such a vector  is then called an ε-diskcyclic vector for .

We established several properties of ε-diskcyclic operators. In particular, we showed that every -diskcyclic operator is cyclic. Moreover, we examined the relationship between ε-diskcyclic vectors of  and eigenvectors of the adjoint operator  that cannot be orthogonal to each other. We also proved that if  

تتجلى أهمية هذا الموضوع في ضرورة معرفة الاحكام القانونية لجريمتي السب والقذف في نطاق تكنولوجيا المعلومات، والتي لها تأثير كبير على الأشخاص، واستخدمت للنيل من شرف الإنسان وكرامته، وخاصة أنها من الجرائم المستحدثة، والتي لم يتم دراستها بشكل واسع من قبل الباحثين، وقد حاولت العديد من الدول تطوير أنظمتها التشريعية بإدخال نصوص وتشريعات عقابية وإجرائية تتوافق مع ظاهرة الإجرام التقني الحديثة، ومن هذه التشريعات

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive formation evaluation of a pilot area within the Upper Shale Member of the Rumaila Oil Field. This evaluation is an essential step in the full development of the field. The application of well-log data and core analyses can help in obtaining the desired information about the geological characteristics of the formation. The process begins with measuring the formation temperature and water resistance utilizing Schlumberger’s charts and equations. The volume of shale was determined by two different methods, which were then used together to obtain the final shale volume. The porosity was determined using the conventional porosity equations from the porosity logs and the saturation was estimated bas