Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune illness distinguished by biological and clinical variability. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a cytokine linked to some immunological responses, and elevated amounts of IL-18 have been found in autoimmune animal models and the biological fluids and organs of people with various autoimmune diseases, previous studies have indicated the importance of IL-22 (another interleukin) in the development and pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, including SLE. This study investigates the molecular correlation between gene expression of both IL-18 and IL-22 and different genotypes of rs360719 and rs1012356 SNPs, exploring their roles in the pathogenesis of SLE in a sample of Iraqi pat

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the Enterobacteriaceae that can cause many infections. This research aimed to examine the effect of the presence of the K1 and K2 capsule serotypes on biofilm formation and its relation with resistance to antibiotics. In this study, 130 clinical specimens were collected from different clinical sources from patients in hospitals, and only 61 isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae by selective media, biochemical test, and Vitek II. Disc diffusion technique was used to assess the resistance of 61 isolates to ten distinct antibiotics. The greatest resistance was observed against Amoxicillin-clavulanate (98.36%), while the least

A new azo-acetophenon ethylene-diamine ligands were synthesized through a multi-step procedure. The process initiated with the formation of an ACEN imine via that produced from the condensation of ethylene diamine and 4-aminoacetophenone, followed by diazotation of the ACEN amine group and subsequent coupling with components to form these two new ligands:- (1E,1'E)-N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-(4-((E)-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenyl)ethan-1-imine) L₁ and3,3'-((1E,1'E)-(((1E,1'E)-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(naphthalen-2-ol) H₂L₂. Comprehensive characterization of these ligands was conducted using FTIR, NMR, UV-visi

The problem of interruption of communication between the spacecraft and the ground station due to the plasma formed around the spacecraft is one of the important and dangerous problems facing spacecraft during their return to the Earth’s atmosphere. The present work focused on diagnosing the plasma parameters generated around a spacecraft model in a laboratory. A vacuum system was used to produce plasma under a working pressure of 0.1 mbar. The spacecraft model was placed inside this plasma between the cathode and the anode, and a strong magnetic field was used to confine the plasma around this model. A single Langmuir probe was used to calculate the electron temperature, electron density, Debye radius, and plasma frequency. Plasma fre

Copper Indium Sulfur-Selenide (CISSe)-based solar cell is examined by optimization several aspects including absorber layer thickness, buffer layer thickness, window layer thickness, working temperatures and energy band gap values. The optimization of these factors has resulted in optimum absorber layer thickness of 3000 nm, optimum CdS thickness of 10 nm, optimum ZnO thickness of 10 nm, optimum working temperature of 300 K and optimum energy band gap of 1.5 eV. The best device performance consisting of these optimum values results in a PCE of 30.51% correlated to FF of 83.7%, JSC of 47.188 mA.cm-2 and VOC of 0.773 Volt. The results are promising and pave the way towards high PCE of CISSe-based solar. However, there might be a difference

In this study, a one-pot synthesis method was utilized to prepare a series of novel progesterone derivatives featuring 1,2,3-triazole rings. The condensation of progesterone with ten different aromatic aldehydes through a Claisen-Schmidt reaction gave the desired α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives as intermediates, which were treated directly with benzyl azide via a metal-free [3+2] cycloaddition reaction to furnish the target derivatives 1-10 in 58-81% yields. The structure of the synthesized compounds (1-10) was characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The significant point of this work is combining two important m

This study aims to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in the urine of renal stone patients and a healthy control group in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq using Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The study included 20 renal stone patients and 20 healthy individuals as a control group. Both groups consisted of 10 women and 10 men. The results demonstrated that there was a significant difference (p <0.001) in the levels of (Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the urine of renal stone patients compared with the control group. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in Pb and Hg levels in the urine of females, which were seen to be more than that of males (p < 0.005). The difference was statistically signif

Remote sensing images are key tools in environmental and urban studies, where precise natural resource monitoring is becoming increasingly important. However, using medium-resolution images, such as Landsat 9, frequently presents difficulties in delivering correct spatial data, such as the distribution of vegetation and other land coverings, due to the pressing need for improving remote sensing techniques to satisfy the needs and assess environmental changes in increasingly metropolitan regions. In this study, spectral and spatial information (vegetation indices and modified water index) driven from Landsat 9 images were compared to spectral information from high-resolution Pleiades images, which was evaluated using linear regression bet

Natural settings make it challenging to identify facial expressions since head position, illumination level, and ‎‎occlusion vary. Thus, developing a more generic model without front-facing images alone is quite crucial. This ‎research proposes a facial expression ‎recognition model based on pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks ‎with transfer learning. The model was trained ‎on several cases to classify face expressions into seven ‎classifications efficiently. The proposed system used the EfficientNetB0 model ‎that has one dense dropout layer. The model first rescales and norms the input dataset in the input ‎layer that takes images of a larger resolution to get better results. After entering 7 blocks sequenti

The medicinal potential of an orchid Coelogyne suaveolens, subjecting the ethyl acetate fraction of the acetonic extract from its root and bulb to various in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico bioactivity tests.  The micro and macro-nutrients content of ethyl acetate fraction of acetonic extract of C. suaveolens bulb and root were assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopic method. The in-vitro antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by following the ABTS, DPPH, and H₂O₂ radical scavenging assays. The antidiabetic property of the extract was evaluated using the Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Assay by DNSA and SI method, while the cytotoxic property was assessed usi

Food production is vital to global food security, entailing significant social, economic, and environmental implications. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) possesses abundant natural and human resources essential for agriculture, including extensive agricultural land, water resources, and a favorable climate. However, challenges such as population growth, displacement of large numbers of residents from other provinces to the Kurdistan Region, unplanned urban expansion encroaching on agricultural areas, useless land accumulation, and agricultural land degradation pose substantial threats to sustainable food production (SFP). The study's primary objective is to assess and map the potential for SFP in the region, enabling stakeholders to f

The biosynthesis of nanoparticle is suggested as an eco-friendly and economical alternative to both physical and chemical approaches. This study sought to assess the antibacterial with cytotoxic effects of Cinnamomum cassia L. oil extract (COE) and cinnamon oil extract/chitosan nanoparticles (COE/ChNPs) against MDR Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. Cinnamon active components such as alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, terpenes, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids were detected in hexane extract. Green synthesis of COE/ChNPs was achieved using the sol-gel technique, resulting in uniform, spherical, crystalline nanoparticles ranging from 40 to 96 nm. COE/ChNPs were characterized using UV-

Beta thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects around 1.5% of the world's population. Beta globin, an essential component of hemoglobin, is involved in the development of this disease. The HBB gene, also known as the hemoglobin subunit beta gene, has been the focus of extensive studies, considering its crucial role in the production of hemoglobin. The associations between the HBB gene and various miRNA (miRNA) that serve as essential regulators of gene expression have been the subject of many investigations. In the current investigation, many blood indicators of thalassemia were assessed, RNA was extracted, cDNA was created, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of the HBB

spondylitis (AS), which is regulated by numerous cytokines. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) involvement as a biomarker for AS has remained unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to assess serum IL-3 levels to improve the accuracy of AS diagnostics and enhance targeted therapies while exploring the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) in influencing IL-3. The study examined the IL-3 serum levels of 88 patients with AS and 44 healthy controls recruited from the Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Patients with AS disease were further divided into two subcategories according to AS status: inactive (n = 44) and active (n = 44). Serum IL-3 titers were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical parameters like complete medical histo

Stingless bee honey (SBH) has been widely recognized for its unique bioactive compounds and potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of heat processing on SBH's bioactivity, particularly its potential anti-obesity effects, remain inadequately explored. This study aims to evaluate the potential anti-obesity effects of heated SBH in mice fed a high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet. This study utilized 30 male white mice with an average weight of 19.03±1.44 g were randomly divided into six groups (n=5). The animals were divided as follows: Group A (Normal Control): Mice fed a standard laboratory diet with no HCHF diet or SBH supplementation. Group B (

The current study describes the synthesis of new complexes of Acyclovir ligand (AL) with heavy metal ions (Rh⁺³, Pd⁺², Pt⁺⁴, and Au⁺³). These complexes were characterized by different analyses techniques, including ¹H, ¹³C-NMR, Mass-spectra, FTIR, UV-Vis., Elemental (CHN) analysis, Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), the Molar conductivity, Magnetic susceptibility, and melting point measurements. The (Metal: Ligand) and Gibbs free energy for all synthesized complexes were determined by the Molar ratio method. The results of all analyses and measurement techniques gave square planar and octahedral geometries for Pd⁺², Au⁺³, and Rh

In this paper, we introduce an improved feature selection algorithm TSSF designed to enhance computational efficiency in phylogenetic tree construction by evaluating feature subsets and identifying those that contribute positively or negatively to tree topology. Building on the symbolic aspects of pattern systems, which encompass symbols (data), syntax (relations between data points), and layout rules, our approach systematically assesses the effectiveness of feature subsets. This is illustrated using essential phylogenetic metrics, including the Consistency Index, Retention Index, and Rescaled Consistency Index. In these metrics, higher values suggest high-quality feature subsets, whereas lower scores on the Homoplasy Index indicate min

The thymine-based azo ligand 5-methyl-6-((4-nitronaphthalene-1-yl) diazenyl) pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H) dione (NAT) was synthesized by diazotization-coupling reaction at room temperature, with its Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes, subsequently prepared and characterized. Elemental analyses, thermal analyses, and magnetic and molar conductivity confirmed their electrolytic nature, while spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, HNMR, and UV-Vis and mass spectrometry) revealed structural details. The result appeared that the metal complexes have the molecular formula [Ag(NAT) (H₂O)₂]NO₃.10H₂O and [Cu(NAT) (H₂O)₂] Cl₂.10H₂O. on the chelating of the ligand (NAT) with metal i

Biological materials, such as human blood serum, hair, and nails, are commonly utilized as indicators to assess environmental contamination by heavy metals. The World Health Organization has recommended these biological samples for global ecological monitoring. Concentrations of heavy elemental lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), as well as oxidative stress markers 8-OHDG, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were measured in the serum sample. Fingernails and scalp hair were also collected from electrical generator workers of varying ages residing in the Karbala province of Iraq. Atomic absorption spectrophotometers were used to measure the amounts of Cd, Pb, and Zn. Also, 8-OHdG, MDA, and T-AOC were deter

The main objective of this paper is to propose a new iterative method for approximating fixed points of a type of mapping known as Suzuki mappings. Important convergence results of the proposed method are also studied. To support the main results of this work, a numerical example is presented where the numerical results show that the new method is better than many other methods in terms of its convergence to the fixed point.

The rise in resistant infections, which are primarily brought on using antibiotics carelessly, is a serious issue for the community. This study aimed to examine the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of Populus euphratica ethanolic extract against the resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Leaves of Populus euphratica were collected and extracted using the Soxhlet apparatus. Active chemical compounds were detected by some reagents and screened using Gas chromatographic–Mass spectral (GC-Mass) analysis. Fifteen clinical MRSA isolates from several different clinical samples were detected for biofilm formation, and an antibiotic susceptibility te

This study focused on plasma diffusion to understand how gas pressure affects diffusion dynamics. Experimental measurements were carried out to assess the electron temperature, electron number density, drift velocity, particle flux, growth rate, diffusion coefficient, and constant time decay as a function of gas pressure. The results showed that while the electron number density (ne) grows with increased gas pressure, the electron temperature (Te) of the plasma falls. The results indicated that gas pressure significantly influences plasma behavior, with a notable decrease in diffusion coefficients and constant time decay as gas pressure rises from 0.04 to 0.4 mbar. The stability and diffusivity of the plasma are affected by bumping effe

This paper focuses on the study of extracting features from Nano-composites for Alumina (EP/Al2O3) and Nano-composites for Titanium (EP/TiO2 ) samples before and after immersion in the chemical solution (HNO3) using image processing tools and statistical measures. It is obvious that it is difficult to distinguish the change in the physical properties of the samples before and after immersion in the chemical solution, and it is also difficult even to the naked eyes. Therefore, in this research improvements were made to the image parameters using various techniques to reach the best quality in the image features. Statistical analysis (entropy, standard deviation, mean value, and correlation measures) was applied to obtain the best results

The research concentrated on developing a water-based extract from Prosopis farcta fruits and analyzing its constituents through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC MS). The study revealed that the plant contains 25 compounds with characteristics based on their molecular structure. The most abundant compound was n Hexadecanoic acid, making up 15,48%, followed by cis 13 Octadecenoic acid at 10,94% and Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester at 10,55%. The impact of the extract properties was measured at a dosage of 200 mg/kg, on animals experiencing diarrhea induced by castor oil for a span of 10 and 20 days of treatment sessions. The results showed that the therapy led to levels of vitamin C and increased activity in the enzyme glutathione p

Background: The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is thought to infect 170 million people globally, making it a viral pandemic. Most people with HCV infection progress to chronic illness, and infection with the virus is now the primary cause of liver transplantation. Objective: This paper assesses HCV infection prevalence and genotype distribution across fourteen provinces in Iraq, investigates the main reasons for virus transmission, and determines the correlation between viral load and infection with different genotypes/subtypes among the Iraqi population in 2022. Methods: In this epidemiological study, 738 specimens were analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminesce

This work focuses on the effect of coating with polyvinylpyrrolidone on the structure and morphology of synthesized powdered cadmium ferrites through the microwave-assisted combustion method. Antibacterial activities test of Cd-ferrite before and after coating with PVP for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also studied. Structure and impurity phases characterizations, surface morphology with chemical composition analysis, as well as lattice vibrations determined by XRD analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and foruier transform, exhibited spinel structure with crystallite size decreasing with coating with polyvinylpyrrolid

This work includes synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives of quinazoline-4-one, oxazine-4-one and thiazine-4-one and studying their application as anti-microbial. The preparation process commenced with the reaction of para methoxybenzoyl chloride with anthranilic acid to give 2-(4-methoxy benzamido) benzoic acid (compound 1). This compound then reacts with acetic anhydride under dry conditions, resulting in the formation of benzoxazinone compound 2. Following this, compound 2 undergoes a reaction with ethyl glycinate hydrochloride under basic conditions, yielding in compound 3 serves as the starting material for the synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds by reaction with nitrogen nu

Genetic factors contribute to impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Variants in spermatogenesis genes can increase susceptibility to defects in sperm production. Sperm-associated antigen 16 (SPATA16) plays a key role in Golgi-derived acrosome formation during spermiogenesis. This study investigated whether SPATA16 gene (rs1515442 T/C) polymorphisms are associated with oligozoospermia in an Iraqi cohort. 125 infertile oligozoospermic men were compared to 125 normozoospermic fertile controls. Semen volume, sperm concentration, and motility were significantly reduced in the infertile men. The SPATA16 polymorphism rs1515442 variant (T/C) was genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutatio

Feature selection is an effective way to decrease dataset dimensions and increase classification accuracy. However, feature selection is a complex and challenging procedure requiring a highly efficient algorithm.  In this enhanced bat algorithm (ICBA), the issue of feature selection is initially conceptualized and subsequently transformed into a fitness function, which assesses the quality of feature subsets based on how well they improve classification performance. We also propose an ICBA to address the issue of feature selection. To enhance the BA and expand its applicability to feature selection issues, we integrated a chaotic map into the BA. Ultimately The proposed algorithm ICBA is benchmarked against binary PSO (BPSO), Binary dra

The technological development and the radiation use in various fields, industry, medicine, agriculture, scientific research, etc., and getting on the principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) in protection radiation, shielding is one of the important protection rules, representing placing different materials between the radiation sources and the object to reducing the intensity of radiation and protected. Samples of composite materials were prepared with different reinforcing elements and epoxy as the fundamental substance. BeO, MgO, TeO₃, and Bi₂O₃ with various ratios 10, 20, 30, and 40% with diameter 2.5 cm and high 2 cm were prepared to study the effect of these materials on the Half Value L