This study is focused on simulations of the radiation pattern characteristics for a circular loop antenna that operates at a frequency of 1.42 GHz (λ = 21 cm). The circular loop antenna pattern is considered weak and depends on the antenna's circumference. Therefore, five values of antenna circumferences are chosen to achieve the best results for the antenna characteristics. These circumferences are taken to be smaller, equal, and larger than the operated wavelength. Then, the antenna characteristics are estimated. These characteristics are antenna directivity, effective area, efficiency, and solid angle, which are found to be 2.6, 0.009 (m2), 0.011, and 11.5 (radian), respectively. To improve these characteristics, four types of window

The morphological and photometric characteristics of dwarf galaxies in the local group are key to understanding galaxy structure and evolution, providing insight into the properties of low-luminosity systems. However, their faint nature makes them challenging to observe, especially at greater distances. In this study, we examined the morphological classification, spatial distribution, and photometric properties of a sample of 33 nearby dwarf galaxies at approximately 2 kpc, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) data release 18 (DR18), to investigate how these galaxies are varying in terms of their colors, surface brightness, and structural features. 

Our results reveal notable trends in the relationship between m

Recently, Operator Equation Theory (OET) has a leading demonstrated potentiality applicable in numerous scientific ranges of engineering, physical and mathematical. In a Hilbert C*-module, OET has enhanced by expanding upon extensive research. In this study, for the general situation of adjointable operators, the solvability of the operator equation P^* XΦ^*+ΦYP=Ω, where X and Y are unknown operators, are investigated based on Moore-Penrose inverse. Necessary and sufficient conditions for founding a solution to this equation are proposed. Moreover, by utilizing matrix approaches, four general expressions for the solutions are derived depending on the states of the operators P and Φ involved in the equation.

Genetic association between HBB genetic variations and β-thalassemia is the key factor for management and counseling β-thalassemia. This innovative investigation aims to explore the connection between three intronic SNPs in the HBB gene rs7946748 (64G>A), rs7480526 (71A>C), and rs1451581925 (386A>T) and clinical outcomes in β-thalassemia major patients from Southern Iraq. Using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, 100 participants (50 patients and 50 controls) were analyzed. The study revealed a strong correlation between the AA genotype and the A allele of rs7480526 and a heightened risk for β-thalassemia and notable alterations in hematological parameters. Furthermore, rs7946748 and rs1451581925 were linked to

The nanoparticles (V₂O₅ and NiO) were synthesized via reflux and characterized using various techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Initially, the nanoparticles were dried at 90 ^oC, to obtain the as prepared nanoparticles (V₂O₅.1.8H₂O and Ni(OH)₂), followed by annealing at 500 ^oC to produce the oxide nanoparticles (V₂O₅ and NiO). The average grain sizes of the nanoparticles as prepared were 30.51nm, 55.70 nm, which decreased to 21.49 nm and 37.07 nm after annealing, respectively. T

Due to the fast growing nature of educational technologies, increased flexibility of learning processes has been realized with characteristics such as flexibility in assessment and delivery styles to match the students’ pace on different learning styles. Progress and engagement are very crucial since they show how flexible the learning system is to adapt to the new technologies. Current conventional educational systems pose a significant challenge in implementing differentiated instruction in conjunction with the idea of group learning, especially in heterogeneous classes, making the mixed ability classroom nearly marginal. In response to these challenges, this research uses the reinforcement learning approach for personalized educatio

In data analysis, “Clustering” has emerged as a mechanism applied in machine learning to group analogous data points or objects together based on their features, attributes, or characteristics. Clustering attempts to detect underlying patterns or structures in data without prior knowledge of group labels. Many algorithms are used in clustering like K-means, one of the most widely used clustering algorithms whose performance depends on the initial point and the value of K. Most clustering techniques need to determine the number of clusters in the beginning. However, in most cases, predicting that value is a high computational cost task. In this paper, an algorithm is designed to compute the proper number of dataset clusters using vari

The protein-coding gene MUC4 (Mucin 4) is positioned on chromosome 3's long arm at position q29. The current study aims to investigate MUC4 polymorphisms and haplotypes concerning polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The research involved 120 women, comprising 60 women with PCOS, and 60 healthy fertile individuals serving as a control group. This study focused on sequencing of certain segments (775 bp) from exon 11 in the MUC4 gene to identify polymorphic SNPs and haplotypes. Four SNPs in the MUC4 gene were examined. The SNP rs781407488 GG homozygous genotype showed a significant protective association with PCOS with a 0.46 odds ratio. In contrast, the GA heterozygous and AA homozygous

Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s biofilm may have a role in its resistance to antibiotics. By interfering with the quorum sensing (QS) system, biofilm formation in pathogens may be inhibited, thereby reducing resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, new approaches for treating bacterial infections could be offered by applying QS inhibitors (QSIs). Recently, soil microorganisms have been employed as they created compounds with QS inhibition properties. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the ability of facultatively anaerobic soil bacteria to impede the QS of P. aeruginosa, thereby interfering with QS-regulated biofilm production. In this research, the soil bacteria were isolated and identified by the Vitek2 system.

The green synthesis of nanoparticles is regarded as an eco-friendly, cost-effectiveness, and simple methodology. Using green synthesis techniques for nanoparticles may enhance the characteristics of these nanomaterials through reduced dimensions and specific shapes achieved. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom has numerous bioactive compounds, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites, which can act as reducing and stabilizing agents in nanoparticles synthesis. The antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has received considerable interest due to their ability to interact with bacterial surfaces and penetrate the bacterial core, hence revealing unique bactericidal mechanisms. This study explores the

One hundred thirty bacterial samples were collected from different clinical sources, including (diuresis, sputum, wounds, blood, and burns) from different hospitals in Baghdad, including Imamain Al-Kadhimain (PBUT) Medical City, Al-Karkh General Hospital, Al-Kadhimiya Children's Hospital, The burns Hospital, Ghazi Al Hariri Hospital and Baghdad Hospital. The isolates were diagnosed with phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical tests, and molecular diagnosis was performed by detecting the 16SrRNA gene. After the final diagnosis, 50/130 (38.4%) of K. pneumoniae bacteria were obtained. The results of the study showed that the highest percentage of isolation of K. pneumoniae bacteria was from sputum samples of pati

Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by different species of Leishmania parasites, spreads through the bite of the female sand fly. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe manifestation of Leishmaniasis. If untreated, it can lead to a high fatality rate. This research was designed to examine the prospects of alterations in behavior that might arise following an infection of visceral leishmaniasis in rats. This was achieved by evaluating the exploratory or locomotor activity, anxiety levels, and emotional social behaviour of infected rat models. Sixty adult  male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three infected groups with (10, 50, and 100 million parasites). Behavioural experiments were c

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive bacterium that produces proteins with specific toxic effects against invertebrate organisms. These toxins specifically target insects. This study examined a hypothetical Bt protein for its potential toxicity to mammals. The hypothetical protein was analyzed using various bioinformatics tools, including NCBI BLAST and conserved domain tools. The physicochemical properties were assessed using ExPasy ProtParam, and homology models were generated through automated services. The analysis revealed that the hypothetical protein is a thiol-activated cytolysin, a pore-forming toxin that targets mammalian cells with a signature motif. The toxin has a molecular weight of 52.6 kD

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are surface-active chemicals primarily generated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and classified as glycolipid biosurfactants. They have attracted interest in several fields because of their unique properties. Therefore, this study aimed to extract, optimize and characterize the glycolipid from a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. One hundred-twenty specimens were gathered. Hemolysis test (primary screening) was performed to estimate the isolates that have the ability to produce biosurfactant (glycolipid). Only nine isolates of Pseudomonas spp. showed the highest hemolysis zones ranged between (26-40 mm), respectively. These isolates were subjected to secondary screening and emulsification index (E<

This paper presents a hybrid machine learning model to analyze user behavior patterns in educational mobile applications for engagement frequency, session lengths, and interaction events. The new model combines Decision Trees and Neural Networks into a unique system that predicts learning outcomes accurately rather than deviating toward accuracy-guided prediction models. The research data has been collected over the past six months with approximately 10,000 middle school students aged 12-15 using the educational app, all of which contributed to a dataset of 50,000 user sessions. So extensive data collection was, as discussed in the Data Collection section, that it enabled our model to outperform standard methods such as logistic regressi

This study presents a novel approach to classifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using eye-tracking data and advanced machine-learning techniques. The study employed a comprehensive dataset of eye movements from 28 children, 14 with ASD and 14 typically developing (TD) controls, collected while viewing 300 natural scene images. This methodology encompassed traditional machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting) and deep learning models (Convolutional Neural Network and a hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture). The hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieved the highest accuracy of 99.89%, outperforming other approaches and comparable studies in literature. Notably, even our simpler Logistic Regression model attain

the study covered theoretical concering parial molal volume the applicability of jones-dole equation

The confirming of security and confidentiality of multimedia data is a serious challenge through the growing dependence on digital communication. This paper offers a new image cryptography based on the Chebyshev chaos polynomials map, via employing the randomness characteristic of chaos concept to improve security. The suggested method includes block shuffling, dynamic offset chaos key production, inter-layer XOR, and block 90 degree rotations to disorder the correlations intrinsic in image. The method is aimed for efficiency and scalability, accomplishing  complexity order for n-pixels over specific cipher rounds. The experiment outcomes depict great resistant to cryptanalysis attacks, containing statistical, differential and brut

Geophysics is one of the branches of Earth sciences and deals with studying the Earth's interior by studying the variation of physical properties within rock layers. Applied geophysics depends on procedures that involve the measurements of potential fields, such as the gravitational method. One of the significant oil fields in southern Iraq is represented by the Nahr Omar structure. A power spectrum analysis (SPA) technique was used to collect gravity data within the chosen oil field area in order to confirm the salt dome in the subsurface layers. The analysis of SPA resulted from six surfaces representing the gravity variation values of the depths (m)14300, 3780, 3290, 2170, 810, and 93.5. Gravity surfaces have been converted to de

Thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) play an important role in growth, development, and physiology of the kidney. The kidney has a central role in metabolism and clearance of these hormones as well as thyroid – stimulating hormone (TSH). Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a state of irreversible deceleration in renal function results in alterations in internal milieu, which affects the synthesis and secretory rate of hormones. To evaluate the thyroid hormone levels in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF); 24 patients with CRF aged 30-70 years, mean±S.d. (48.458 ± 13.569) and 48 healthy volunteers who served as controls aged 30-70 years (43.104 ± 12.387) were studied for their thyroid function status u

The presence of hydrocarbons in the soil is considered one of the main problems of pollution. In our current study, eight samples isolated from soil saturated with hydrocarbons were taken from different areas of Baghdad, Iraq. In this study, 5 isolates belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 99%, 4 isolates to Klebsiella pneumoniae by 98%, and 3 isolates to Enterobacter hormaechei by 97% were diagnosed in different ways. A molecular examination was also conducted by 16sRNA. We recorded P. aeruginosa, K. Pneumoniae and E. hormaechei as new local isolates in NCBI. In addition, a comparison was made between our isolates and the global isolates to determine the degree of convergence in the evolutionary line. The genes alkB and nahAc7 were diagno

حاولنا, في هذا البحث القيام بعمل مراجعة نقدية وتقييم للثلث الأول من الترجمة العربية لرواية بيت الارواح والتي تعد اول عمل روائي ومن الروائع الادبية للكاتبة التشيلية المعاصرة إيزابيل أليندي, تكفلت دار النشر بلازا يانيس بنشر هذا العمل عام (1982) وترجمه الطبيب والسياسي السوري سامي الجندي. وتكفلت دار الجندي للنشر (1998) بنشر ترجمة الرواية.

اهمية اخلاقيات البحث العلمي في مؤسسات التعليم العالي - الامانة العلمية في منهج البحث السياسي انموذجا

Abstract To ensure that the distribution system has safe drinking water. It is necessary to know the residual chlorine concentrations at various points in the network. A chlorine photometer device was used to measure twenty points taken every day for a week at a selected time in the distribution system. Both pressures and flows in the network were measured using bourdon gauge and Tuf-2000H Handheld Digital ultrasonic flow meters. WaterGEMS CONNECT Edition update one software was used to simulate the flow in the network. The Baghdad water department provided the data about the network, such as the lengths of pipes, the layout of the network, and pipes diameters. The network calibrated consists of 781 pipes of different lengths and 542 juncti

Precision irrigation applications are used to optimize the use of water resources, by controlling plant water requirements through using different systems according to soil moisture and plant growth periods. In precision irrigation, different rates of irrigation water are applied to different places of the land in comparison with traditional irrigation methods. Thus the cost of irrigation water is reduced. As a result of the fact that precise irrigation can be used and applied in all irrigation systems, it spreads rapidly in all irrigation systems. The purpose of the Precision Agriculture Technology System (precision irrigation) , is to apply the required level of irrigation according to agricultural inputs to the specified location , by us

The different interactions between cometary tail and solar wind ions are studied in the present paper based on three-dimensional Lax explicit method. The model used in this research is based on the continuity equations describing the cometary tail-solar wind interactions. Three dimensional system was considered in this paper. Simulation of the physical system was achieved using computer code written using Matlab 7.0. The parameters studied here assumed Halley comet type and include the particle density , the particles velocity v, the magnetic field strength B, dynamic pressure p and internal energy E. The results of the present research showed that the interaction near the cometary nucleus is mainly affected by the new ions added to the

6-(2-benzathiazolyl azo),-3,5-dimethylphenol was formed by grouping the 2- benzothiazole diazonium chloride with 3,5-dimethylphenol. Azo ligand(L) was resolved on the origin by 1H and 13CNMR, FTIR and UV-V is spectral analysis. Complexation of tridentate ligand (L) with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous of ethyl alcohol with a 1:2 metal:ligand, and at ideal pH.. The formation of metal chelates are assigned using flame atomic, absorption, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectral analysis, other than conductivity and magnetic estates. The nature of the metal chelates were carried out by mole ratio and continuous, variation mechanism, Beer's law, followed the rate (0.0001 - 3×0.0001 M) concentration., High molar, absorptivity, for the complex solutions w

This research presents a new study in reactive distillation by adopting a consecutive reaction . The adopted consecutive reaction was the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate with NaOH solution. The saponification reaction occurs in two steps. The distillation process had the role of withdrawing the intermediate product i.e. monoethyl adipate from the reacting mixture before the second conversion to disodium adipate occurred. It was found that monoethyl adipate appeared successfully in the distillate liquid. The percentage conversion from di-ester to monoester was greatly enhanced (reaching 86%) relative to only 15.3% for the case of reaction without distillation .This means 5 times enhancement . The presence of two layers in both the