في عالم يتسارع يوما بعد يوم في إطار العولمة التقنية، بدت هذا السرعة واضحة في قضية تداول العملات الالكترونية  والتي ترتبط بالبنوك في أنحاء العالم، ثم ما لبث أن ظهرت عملة ميدانها الوحيد هو شبكة الإنترنيت، معماة عن إطلاع غير المتعاقدين، وغير مرتبطة بمركز أو مصرف، سميت بالعملات الافتراضية (الرقمية)، وأولها وأشهرها عملة (بيتكوين)، التي انتشرت على نطاق واسع، ووصل التعامل بها من قبل كبريات الشركات مستوى الظاهرة

Miscarriage is one of the fundamental complications occurring in pregnant women. Many fastidious and uncultivated bacterial species are related to miscarriage and have a significant role in the infection. The association between inverse pregnancy outcomes and infections of abnormal bacteria has been rarely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Leptotrichia amnionii and Atopobium vaginae as a risk factor for miscarriage states. A total of 80 cervical swabs and blood samples were obtained from females (34 non-pregnant with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, 11 pregnant who had previous miscarriage, and 35 without miscarriage as control) who were referred to a hospital in Baghdad city. The relationship bet

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism and susceptibility to epilepsy. Blood samples were collected from 85 volunteers, dividing into 60 epilepsy patients (34 males and 26 females) and 25 healthy subjects (19 males and 6 females).The DNA was extracted and GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism was analyzed by Real-time PCR using two probes and primers. The results showed no significant differences between patients and control samples; therefore, there are no allelic and genotypic correlations of this SNP with epilepsy. This study indicated that GRIN2A rs387906637 polymorphism is not a risk factor for epilepsy in the studied set of patients.

يتناول هذا البحث موقف قانون المعاملات المدنية الإماراتي رقم5 لسنة 1985 من الفعل الضار وكيف إنه عالج هذا الموضوع ، وكما نعلم ان المصدر التاريخي المباشر لقانون المعاملات المدنية هو القانون المدني الأردني، وبعض النصوص نقلت حرفياً من هذا القانون، ولكن المشرع الإماراتي وعند نقله المباشر أغفل ان القانون المدني الأردني تأثر بشكل واضح بالفقه الحنفي وبمجلة الأحكام العدلية ، في حين ان التوجه العام للمشرع الإماراتي ه

تعد شركات الاستثمار المالي صورة من صور الشركات المساهمة في ظل القانون العراقي, وتطبق جميع الاحكام القانونية الخاصة بالشركات المساهمة على شركات الاستثمار المالي.

 ونظراً لخصوصية نشاط شركات الاستثمار المالي, والمتمثل بالدرجة الاساس بتكوين وإدارة المحافظ المالية في سوق الاوراق المالية, وما يترتب على ذلك من دخولها بإتفاقيات تعاقدية مع المستثمرين وايداع اموالهم لديها ليتم توظيفها واستثمارها في مجال ال

      تُعد المرحلة السابقة على التعاقد من أهم المراحل التي يمر بها العقد ان لم تكن أهمها على الإطلاق لما لها من أثر على تنفيذ العقد, وهذه المرحلة لم تعد الآن مجرد اعمالٍ مادية لا يترتب عليها أثراً قانونياً, بل اصبح لها نظامها الخاص خصوصاً بعد التعديل الذي طال احكام القانون المدني الفرنسي لعام 2016, ولا يقتصر وجود المرحلة السابقة على التعاقد في القانون المدني فحسب بل لهذه المرحلة خصوصية في ظل أحكام ال

   تسعى معظم التشريعات الحديثة إلى تنظيم الأحكام التي تضمن دوام استقرار الحياة الزوجية وان المشرع العراقي على غرار تلك التشريعات قد حرص على استقرار الحياة الزوجية ^،لذا فقد شرع إلى تنظيم المسائل المتعلقة بها من اجل تحقيق تلك المسائل والأهداف المرجوة منها ، فقد حرص على تقييد تلك المسائل بمدد يتعين على الأطراف مراعاتها عند مباشرة تلك الحقوق لما لها من أثار بالغة قد تصل إلى فقدان تلك الحقوق ، كما أن ا

Eight liquid culture medium formulations were evaluated for their efficiency in enhancing some growth parameters (sporulation and biomass dry weight) of Beauveria bassiana after1, 2, 3 and 4days of incubation at 28±1C°. The formulations consist of saline solution (S), carbon source (8g/litre) and nitrogen source (0.33g/litre) as individually or as mixture of both sources with a C: N ratio of 24:1. These formulations were ; rice grains extract and casein (CRM), rice grains extract and yeast extract (YRM) , wheat seeds extract (CWM) and wheat seeds extract and yeast extract (YWM), rice grains extract (RM),yeast extract(YM), wheat seeds extract(WM), casein(CM).In other hand the spores viability were evaluated on selected medium CRM compar

Simple and sensitive batch and Flow-injecton spectrophotometric methods (FIA)
for the determination of Sodium Cefotaxime in pure form and in injections were
proposed. These methods were based on a diazotization and coupling reaction
between diazotized Sodium Cefotaxime and thymol in alkaline medium to form an
intense red water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 522
nm. A graphs of absorbance versus concentration show that Beer’s law is obeyed
over the concentration range of 8-160 and 50-2500 μg.ml-1 of Sodium Cefotaxime,
with detection limits of 1.56 and 1.32 μg.ml-1 of Sodium Cefotaxime for batch and
FIA methods respectively. The FIA procedure sample throughput was 65 h-1. All
diffe

A seismicity and seismotectonicstudy for a dam site located on latitude (35˚:48΄ – 35˚:50΄) degree North and longitude (44˚:20΄) degree East was carried out. The surrounding area within a circular area ofradius 100 km was also included to determine the seismic activity.
It is found that the area was subjected to 10 historical events prior 1900 year with an intensity ranges (V - IX) degree and the area exposed to about 163 recent earthquakes with Ms=1.1 – 5.9.
The maps of epicentral locations, tectonic features and lineaments of the study area were compiled and drawn. Matching was carried out for these three maps and it is found that most of earthquake epicenters coincide with the main structural and tectonic phenomena at

يُعدّ تَدمير وحماية الممتلكات الثقافية سمة من سمات النزاعات المسلحة منذ آلاف السنين وتُلقى تركيزًا دوليًا متزايدًا على مدار العقدين الماضيين. ولقد ظَهرت هذه السمة بشكل واضح أثناء النزاع المسلح الأخير في العراق، والذي تعرضت خلاله الممتلكات الثقافية الى دمار مقصود ومنظم من قبل أعضاء تنظيم داعش. وعلى الرغم من وجود قواعد قانونية دولية لحماية الممتلكات الثقافية خلال النزاعات المسلحة، ولكن، أثبت ذلك التَدمير

The Basara basin which is one of the most promising hydrogeological basin in Iraqi Kurdistan Region, located in north east of Iraq, 25 km west of Sulaimani city, between the 496652 - 537752 East and 3911038 - 3951906 North in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) and lie in Zone 38N. The basin has a rectangular shape and covering an area of 571 km². The present hydrogeological investigations have revealed three inhomogeneous and anisotropic water bearing formations: Eocene Karstic Fissured Aquifer (EKFA), Intergranular Aquifer represented by Alluvium and Pliocene (AIA) & (PIA), as well as Miocene Complex Aquifer (MCA).
For the first time, not only in Kurdistan but also in Iraq, Groundwater Vulnerability Map has been constructed in

Curcumin, one of active ingredients of Curcuma spp. Roxb (Zingiberaceae) is
referred to main medicinal part in this spice. In the present study, the analgesic,
antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions of Curcumin were investigated in male
rats. Ninety Albino male rats (110-125g) were used in this study (six animals were
used in each test for Curcumin, aspirin and Pethedine). The effects of curcumin on
nociceptive response using writhing, tail flicking and formalin tests in rats were
evaluated. The antipyretic activity in yeast-induced fever and anti-inflammatory
activity in carrageenin-induced edema in rats were examined. Administration of
curcumin significantly P<0.05 decreased the number of w

بالنظر الى التخوف الذي يسود أوساط المودعين مع كل أزمة مالية تضرب القطاع المصرفي, نتيجة تخوفهم من ضياع ودائعهم الموجودة في المصارف فقد تم التفكير في إحداث مؤسسات لتعويض المودعين في حالة تصفية المؤسسة المصرفية المودع لديها.  وقد عملت الدول المتقدمة على إنشاء مؤسسات يكون الغرض منها تعويض المودعين في حالة تعرض المصارف المودعة لديهم لصعوبات مالية , ومن بين هذه الدول العراق اذا صدر نظام ضمان الودائع المصرفية ر

The development of the mapping from traditional methods (manual) to the
modern drawing methods (Computer) is an important step in the mapping, as the
modern digital maps play a big role in the geographical analyses in all branches.
There are many software in this field have been used such as Corel Draw which is
used for geographical health mapping, through which has been mapping the
Prevalence of cancer infections in Iraq based on the Central Statistical Organization
data taken from the Ministry of Health data which showed the number of cancer
diseases in all area of Iraq for 2005 and 2006, through drawing two maps and use the
methods of circles and survey shading in the cartographic representation

الحمد لله رب العالمين فاتحة كل خير وتمام كل نعمة ، والصلاة والسلام على خير الأنام رسوله محمد بن عبد الله وعلى اله الأطهار وصحبه الأخيار أما بعد:

تكتسب الصياغة التشريعية أهمية متزايدة في مجال الدراسات القانونية سواء من ناحية فهم عملية إنشاء القاعدة القانونية أو من ناحية تطبيقها على يد المشتغلين في القانون من أساتذة القانون والقضاة والمحامين ، بل أن الصياغة التشريعية غدت مادة تدرس في كثير من كليات القانو

       انشأت الأمم المتحدة لتحقيق هدف أساسي هو حفظ السلم والأمن الدولي عن طريق منع  الحروب بين الدول, وتقوية التعاون الدولي في كافة المجالات, لدعم العلاقات السلمية بين الدول وضمان تحقيق تقدم ورفاهية شعوبها. وحملت الأمم المتحدة على عاتقها مسؤولية المحافظة على السلم والأمن الدوليين, وأصبح مجلس الأمن يتمتع من بين أجهزة الأمم المتحدة بأهمية متميزة نتيجة لاضطلاعه بهذا الدور الذي أنشئت من اجله هذ

تعتبر مرحلة المفاوضات العقدية أساسية في تكوين العقود خاصة ذات الاهمية الاقتصادية , لكن القيمة القانونية لها تختلف من نظام قانوني الى أخر , حيث تكون حرية التفاوض مطلقة في النظام الأنكلوأمريكي , الامر الذي يترك أثره على التزام الإعلام فيما يتعلق بمبدأ حسن النية في مرحلة المفاوضات العقدية .

إذ إن النظام القانوني الأنكلوامريكي بإقراره لقاعدة الحق في السكوت في مرحلة المفاوضات إنما يعلن عن رفضه لمبدأ حسن الني

     التسبيب هو بيان الأسباب الواقعية والقانونية التي قادت القاضي الى الحكم الذي نطق به . والتسبيب بهذا المعنى ملزمٌ للقاضي ، وهو وسيلة القاضي في التعبير عن عدله فيما خلُص اليه في حكمه، إذ يُعتبر من الضمانات المهمة لحسن سير العدالة . ويجد هذا الإلتزام أساسه في القانون الإجرائي والذي يلتزم القاضي بتطبيقه . ويحقق التسبيب ضمانات عدة منها ما يتعلّق بأطراف الدعوى ، ومنها ما يتعلّق بالقاضي نفسه ، كذلك يحقق

In the present study, the influence of various solvents on UV-VIS absorption spectra of N,N-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) has been investigated. Salen ligand has two absorption maxima (around 260 and 320 nm). To explain the obtained spectra, the frequencies and molar absorptivity values were combined with solvent properties using a total solvatochromic equation suggested by the Kamlet and Taft. The multiparametric examination denotes that non-specific dipolar interactions of the solvents (π*) with the solute play a significant role in absorption maxima in pure solvents. The ionization constant (pK_a) of salen in methanol has been determined by spectrophotometric measurements. Two graphical methods have been applied

In this research, the frequency-frequency interactions in chaotic systems has been experimentally and numerically studied. We have injected two frequencies on chaotic system where one of these frequencies is modulated with chaotic waveform and the other is untiled as a scanning frequency to find modulating frequency. It is observed that the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) peaks amplitude increased when the value of the two frequencies are matched. Thus, the modulating frequency could be observed, this leads to discover a new method to detect the modulating frequency without synchronization.

Agaricus bisporus is cultivated edible mushroom . This study is made to evaluate the  activity of A. bisporus extract  on  lipid profile in mice treated with peroxide.  40 females albino mice were chosen and  divided into 4 groups (ten mice per each group). The first group was treated with normal saline as a control, the second group received 2ml/kg body weight of peroxide , While the third set received 2ml/kg body weight of peroxide plus 25 mg/ml  A bisporus .Besides, the last fourth group received 25 mg/ml  of A. bisporus. The Results have showed a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in cholesterol(CH) in group 2 (250.01± 1.05)and group3 (204.25±1.80), while there wa

Two hundred samples taken from cattle and buffaloes (50 samples from each urine, blood, tracheal and vaginal swabs) were collected. The study showed that C.albicans was the most common isolates from the total samples. In cattle, it was isolated in a percentage of 50% out of 52 samples, followed by C.krusei 19%, C.parapsilosis 11.5%, C.tropicalis 10%, and C.rugosa 1.9%, on the other hand other isolated yeasts were Cryptococcus neoformans 3.8%,Geotricum candidum 1.9%, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 1.9%. In buffaloes C.albicans was also found as a predominant isolates. The total isolates of C.albicans was 43.9% out of 41 samples, followed by, C.tropicalis 22%, C.krusei 19.5%, C.parapsilosis 4.9% and C.rugosa 2.4%. Other yeasts were also iden

The distortion, which occurs to the image often affects the existing amount of
information, weakens its sharpness and decreases its contrast and thus leads to overlap
the details of various regions and decrease image resolution. White test images are used
to determine the image quality and reveal the analysis ability of different visual systems
where we depended in our study on white test images, studying distribution of the light
intensity of the image and figure out the relationship between the average and the
standard deviation to the picture to study the optical intensity function by using the test
image and the result to restrict the efficiency of the optical system. The technological results of co

Star formation inside a box of size (120Mpc/h)3 was studied using Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model by simulating one million dark matter particles and one million gas particles. The particles were simulated from early Universe, z=30 (450 million years) to z=0 (13.4 billion years).
In the simulation galaxy clusters, voids and filaments were constructed at low redshift, z=0. Stars were formed from redshift z=5.99. The formations increased with decreasing redshifts but at some redshifs stars were not formed and the total number of star formed in the box was 28443 stars.
The gadget-2 code was depended in the simulation and sixteen processors of high performance supercomputer of Nottingham University-England were used.

In this paper, we introduce and study new types of separation axioms in tritopological
spaces, where we defined it using new types of closed set but not
necessarily closed sets. Several properties of these concepts are proved.

The earth cover (soil types) of Iraq is characterized by its variation in its geological and mineral contents. A large area of Iraq can be a source for dust storms that occur in Iraq and neighboring countries. These areas are located in the north western and western parts of Iraq which are characterized by their dryness and minimum vegetation during summer season. The prevailing wind direction in Iraq comes from the northwest and is known as ( Shamal). This cold wind front meets a warm air front from the west on areas of soft and light soil cover in north western part of Iraq. This process leads to rise of huge amount of suspended dust and hence to the creation of dust storm which propagate in most parts of Iraq (middle and south).

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are said to be inherited in a multifactorial fashion, i.e. genetic-environmental interaction. Maternal nutritional deficiencies had long been reported to cause NTDs, especially folate deficiency during early pregnancy. More attention had been paid to the exact mechanism by which this deficiency state causes these defects in the developing embryo. The most significant of all researches was that connecting reduced folate and increased homocysteine level in maternal serum on one hand and the risk of developing a NTD baby on the other hand.
Objectives : to determine the significance of homocysteine level in Iraqi mothers who gave birth to babies with NTDs as compare

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease which represents about 8-10% of all congenital heart diseases. It is characterized by four morphological features, large malalignment ventricular septal defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding of aorta, and Right ventricular hypertrophy. The infant with TOF does well for the first few months of life with minimal or no cyanosis. The cyanosis begins to increase with secondary slow increase in polycythemia as well. Hypercyanotic spells are the most common complicating features of TOF 
Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of 200 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) referred to Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Car

During 2011, 1900 clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, blood and sputum) and
240 hospital environment specimens were collected from four hospitals in
Baghdad/Medical city including: Baghdad Teaching Hospital, The Martyr Gazi Al-
Hariry Hospital, Welfare Teaching Hospital and The Burn Specialist Hospital. All
specimens were cultured and 128 Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained from
clinical and environmental specimens in a ratio of 6.05% (n=115) and 5.42%
(n=13), respectively. These isolates were identified using microscopic examination,
biochemical tests and Api 20 E system.The slide agglutination technique for rabbit
immune sera and A. baumannii bacteria was used and our data analysis revealed a
serologi