The notion of presupposition has been tackled by many linguists. They have found that the term ―presupposition” is being used in two different senses in the literature: semantic and pragmatic. As for semantic sense, Geurts (1999) has isolated some constrictions as sources of presupposition by making lists of presupposition triggers. Concerning the pragmatic sense Kennan (1971:89) uses the term pragmatic presupposition to refer to a class of pragmatic inferences which are, in fact, the relation between a speaker and the appropriateness of a sentence in the context. In spite of the fact that there are many researches that have been done in the field of presupposition but few of them in the field of short stories up to the researcher's kno

The study aims to examine the problem of forced displacement and its social and economic problems in light of the Syrian crisis. Such an aim helps to know the difficulties and challenges facing the children of displaced families in learning, and the reasons for their lack of enrolment. It also clarifies whether there are significant statistical differences at  among the attitudes of the children of the displaced families towards education regarding the following variables: (the work of the head of the family, the economic level of the family, and the work of the children). The study has adopted the descriptive-analytical approach;  a questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information. The study was applied to a sample o

      Bilinear interpolation and use of perceptual color spaces (HSL, HSV, LAB, and LUV) fusion techniques are presented to improve spatial and spectral characteristics of the multispectral image that has a low resolution to match the high spatial resolution of a panchromatic image for different satellites image data (Orbview-3 and Landsat-7) for the same region. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) fidelity criterion for achromatic information has been calculated, as well as the mean color-shifting parameters that computed the ratio of chromatic information loss of the RGB compound inside each pixel to evaluate the quality of the fused images. The results showed the superiority of HSL color space to fuse images over the rest of the spac

      Recognizing facial expressions and emotions is a basic skill that is learned at an early age and it is important for human social interaction. Facial expressions are one of the most powerful natural and immediate means that humans use to express their feelings and intentions. Therefore, automatic emotion recognition based on facial expressions become an interesting area in research, which had been introduced and applied in many areas such as security, safety health, and human machine interface (HMI). Facial expression recognition transition from controlled environmental conditions and their improvement and succession of recent deep learning approaches from different areas made facial expression representation mostly based on u

Iron oxide(Fe3O4) nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes were synthesized by solve-hydrothermal reaction assisted by microwave irradiation using ferrous ammonium sulfate as a metal precursor, oleic acid as dispersing agent, ethanol as reducing agent and NaOH as precipitating agent at pH=12. The synthesized Fe3O4 nano particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and thermal analysis TG-DTG. Sizes and shapes of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

     This article aims to introducenumerical study of two different incompressible Newtonian fluid flows. The first type of flow is through the straight channel, while the second flow is enclosed within a square cavity and the fluid is moved by the upper plate at a specific velocity. Numerically, a Taylor-Galerkin\ pressure-correction finite element method (TGPCFEM) is chosen to address the relevant governing equations. The Naiver-Stoke partial differential equations are usually used to describe the activity of fluids. These equations consist of the continuity equation (conservation of mass) and the time-dependent conservation of momentum, which are preserved in Cartesian coordinates. In this study, the effect of Reynolds number (

     Let  be a commutative  ring with identity , and  be a unitary (left) R-module. A proper submodule  of  is said to be quasi- small prime submodule  , if whenever   with  and , then either or . In this paper ,we give a comprehensive study of quasi- small prime submodules.

إن الانزیاح في معناه البسیط هو مخالفة المألوف ومن أجمل فوائده تحقیق الغرابة التي تمیّز اللغة الأدبیة عن لغة الخطاب العادي ويدلّ على الأساليب التي يسعى المتكلم والكاتب أن ينظر إلى ما حوله نظرةً حديثةً وغريبةً استناداً لها، ليدهش المتلقي والقارئ في نهاية المطاف. الانزياح ليس غرض اللغة الأدبية للقرآن بل هو أسلوب يوفّر بيئةً للمتلقي كي يبحث بحثاً ذهنياً للحصول على أفضل معنى ومفهوم ليُدهش منه بعد إدراكه وبهذا ي

      يرمي البحث الحالي إلى التعرف بـ ( فاعلية أنمودج فراير في اكتساب مفاهيم مادة الاجتماعيات لدى تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي )، تكونت عينة البحث من (85) طالباً من طلاب الصف الرابع الأدبي ، في مدرسة الزمرد الأساسية التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية بغداد الرصافة / الثانية . للعام الدراسي ( 2016 – 2017). أختار الباحث عشوائياً شعبة (ب) لتمثل المجموعة التجريبية الأولى، وعددها(42) تلميذاً ، وشعبة (جـ) لتمثل المجم

قاصد از جمله شاعرانی است که مجذوب سحر کلام حافظ شده و با تأثیرپذیری از اشعار او غزلیانی به یاد ماندنی آفریده است. توجه قاصد به حافظ در دلپذیر شدن سخنش مؤثر افتاده است که این تأثیر در مضمون و الفاظ وترکیباتی که از آن سود برگرفته به خوبی مشهود است. حافظ با آنکه شعرش ساده و روان است و از آرایه های ادبی و صورخیال بهره گرفته است ولی تأثر غزل قاصد از غزل حافظ در عناصر گوناگون سازندة شعر فراتر از آن است که تنها یک مقاله، ت

اثارت موضوعة النشرات الاخبارية ولا تزال الاهتمام على الصعيد الاكاديمي والجماهيري، لاسيما في ظل التطورات المتسارعة داخليا وخارجيا من جهة، وضخامة الاحداث واهميتها من جهة اخرى، وهو ما زاد من اهمية نشرات الاخبار وجعلها محط اهتمام ومتابعة الجمهور بشكل كبير، لتولي المحطات التلفزيونية تبعاً لذلك المزيد من الاهتمام بتلك النشرات من حيث التطوير المستمر لمضامينها واساليب تقديمها، بحكم ان العمل الاذاعي والتلفزيون

اكتسبت ليبيا أهمية كبيرة في استراتيجية الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وعلى المستويات كافة ،اذ سعت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من خلال علاقتها بليبيا الى تحقيق جملة من الاهداف السياسية والاقتصادية. وبناء على الاهمية التي تتمتع بها ليبيا فقد عمدت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ومنذ زمن بعيد اي منذ العهد الملكي الى عقد اتفاقات وتحالفات مع ليبيا بل وحتى اقامة القواعد فيها.  وعلى الرغم من علاقات التحالف والتعاون

TEOS aerogel a is the most commonly used. a Aerogel has attracted increasing attention from both academic and industries due to its extraordinary performance and potentials. We have systematically studied the relationship between the densification temperature of the synthesis environment of silica aerogels on their resulting morphological, optical and thermal properties. SEM and BET measurements were employed as structural probes to ascertain the structural differences. Lee's disc apparatus was used for determining the thermal conductivity coefficient. There is a systematic correlation between the annealing temperature and the aerogel surface area, porosity, as well as pore size. The implemented autoclave was able to produce aerogel mono

تَطْرَحُ وَرَقَةُ البَحْثِ هذه تَقْوِيْماً للأسَالِيْبِ المُخْتَلِفَةِ التِي يَسْتَخْدِمُهَا عَدَدٌ مِن المُتَرْجِمِيْنَ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الفِعْلِ (ضَرَبَ) ضِمْنَ السِّيَاقِ القُرآنِي، حَيْثُ سُلِّطَ الضَّوْءُ عَلى اسْتِخْدَامَاتِ الِفعْلِ مِنْ نَاحِيَتَي الدَّلالَةِ الحَرْفِيَّةِ وَالدَّلالَةِ الضِّمْنِيَّةِ؛ لِكَوْنِ هذَيْنِ المَنْحَيَيْنِ يُمَثِلانِ الجَانِبَ غَيْرَ اليَسِيْرِ فِي تَرْجَمَة

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In the present study three classes of surfactants derivatives from benzillic acid were prepared. The prepared surfactants were characterized by FTIR-Infrared spectrophotometer and CHN analysis. The physical properties of the prepared surfactants were measured i.e. (pH, density, viscosity, color, freezing point and stability to hydrolysis). The efficiency of the prepared surfactants was studied with time and long side chain substituted. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) was calculated.

The fact that the signature is widely used as a means of personal verification
emphasizes the need for an automatic verification system. Verification can be
performed either Offline or Online based on the application. Offline systems work on
the scanned image of a signature. In this paper an Offline Verification of handwritten
signatures which use set of simple shape based geometric features. The features used
are Mean, Occupancy Ratio, Normalized Area, Center of Gravity, Pixel density,
Standard Deviation and the Density Ratio. Before extracting the features,
preprocessing of a scanned image is necessary to isolate the signature part and to
remove any spurious noise present. Features Extracted for whole signature

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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of sperm parameters on the response to in vitro sperm activation (ISA) and to compare sperm parameters according to the age and type of infertility.
One hundred twenty-eight subjects employed in this study, with age range (18-49) years and duration of infertility (1-28) years. From each subjects semen sample was obtained and seminal fluid analysis (SFA) was done. Simple medium for assisted reproductive techniques; (SMART) was used for in vitro sperm activation by direct swim-up technique and centrifugation Swim-Up technique. Sperm concentration, sperm motility (%), sperm grade activity (%), normal sperm morphology (%) and sperm agglutination (%) were assessed. Crude data were statisticall

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Hepatitis A virus infection occurs globally and is causing a public health
concern, primarily in developing countries due to its persistent circulation in the
environment. A total of 120 individuals were included in this study, anti-HAV IgM
antibodies were detected in serum of 100 individuals of them (patients group) who
attended the Wasit central public health laboratory from different cities in Wasit
Province, Iraq, during the period from November 2013 to March 2014.While
another 20 individuals were considered as control group which anti – HAV IgM
antibody was negative in their serum.
Acute infection is confirmed by detection of IgM anti–hepatitis A virus (HAV),
which appears early in the course of infect

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المستخلص

لقد كان التأثير الإيجابي للتقنيات المبتكرة محل نقاش واسع في السنوات الأخيرة خاصة فيما يتعلق بتدريس مهارة الفهم القرائي.تعتبر الخريطة الدلالية واحدة من أحدث التقنيات المستخدمة لتحسين مهارة الفهم القرائي. تهدف هذة الدراسة الى التعرف بشكل أكثر تفصيلاً على اثر استخدام الخريطة الدلالية على تحصيل الطلبة في تدريس الفهم القرائي. ومن اجل تحقيق هدف الدراسة ، تم استخدام الفرضية الصفرية والتي

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