This research aims to develop an automated system for detecting built-up areas in rural regions, addressing challenges in accurately identifying residential buildings, where the distinction between building surfaces, streets, and unpaved roads, as they exhibit similar brightness levels, is the main obstacle. In this study, we utilized high-resolution RGB satellite images from the World View-2 satellite, which has a spatial resolution of 0.46 m. We developed an automated system for detecting built-up areas. The system extracts 13 discriminative features categorized into pixel-based and area-based metrics to enhance the differentiation between non-built-up buildings and regions. These features include colour-based metrics, such as the aver

Global warming, driven by scientific and technological progress and rising environmental pollution, has intensified the need for alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen. This study focused on designing a hydrogen-hydrogen-oxygen (HHO) cell using primary materials, where stainless steel electrodes (10 cm diameter) were coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via electrochemical deposition. The CNTs were synthesized from potato peel waste, demonstrating an eco-friendly approach to nanomaterial production. Structural and morphological analyses of the CNTs were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming their high surface area and crystalline structure. Th

This work investigates the photon radiation shielding efficiency of selected perovskite ceramics, halide-based double perovskites and organic-inorganic halide perovskites, using computational modeling across the photon energy range 0.015–15 MeV. The investigated parameters are Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half Value Layer (HVL), Tenth Value Layer (TVL) and Mean Free Path (MFP). The results are based on the total interaction cross section contributions of photon-matter interactions. They reveal that the shielding efficiency of these materials is strongly influenced by their elemental composition, density, and photon energy. Two software tools, Phy-X/PSD and NGCal, were employed in the study t

Ion engines, also known as plasma engines, are a pioneering space propulsion technology that is constantly being developed. In this work, a static magnetic field is used in a cylindrical engine that is placed inside a vacuum chamber under a pressure of 0.2 mbar and uses argon gas with an applied voltage of 5 kV and an engine power supply of 25-100 watts. The shape and intensity of the magnetic field determine the discharge performance of the ion thruster. A cylindrical ion engine was constructed with dimensions 5, 5.5, and 0.7 cm in length, width, and thickness, respectively. The coil of the ion engine generates a static magnetic field of 9 and 25 mT. This system was used to study the effect of the magnetic field on the ionization rate a

Interest in biodegradable and sustainable is steadily rising which has made the investigation into natural fibre reinforced biopolymers. Among these, poly(3-hyroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) stands out for its biodegradability and biocompatibility, but its inherent brittle and has few or no properties conducive to application to wider engineering fields. Additionally. The natural variability of fibres can lead to inconsistent mechanical performance, yet only a few studies have examined this variability from a statistical perspective.  In this study, the influence of adding pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) at different loading (10-40 wt.%) was investigated on the mechanical behaviour of PHBV. The tensile strength was analysed using

Here, we synthesized three new blended ligand complexes of chromium (III), iron (III), and lanthanum (III) ions with a Schiff base made from the condensation of [o-aminophenol and 2-hydroxyacetophenone in the presence of concentrated sulphoric acid (HL1)] as a primary ligand and o-nitroaniline (L2) as a secondary. The Schiff base and its dual ligand chelate were characterized using several spectroscopic studies, IR, 1HNMR, electronic and mass spectra, in addition to elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, and magnetic moments. The spectroscopic and analytical outcomes confirmed the formation of the chelates in a 1:1:1(L1: M: L2) ratio. Similarly, an octahedral structure became counseled for all chelates.

توضح الدراسة اثر التطور التكنولوجي الحديث على العلاقات الدولية، وظهور مصطلح (الدبلوماسية الرقمية) التي أصبحت اتجاهاً مستحدثاً في عصر يتسم بالسرعة والتواصل عبر (الإنترنت)، وأتاحت للدول والمنظمات الدولية استخدام التكنولوجيا، لتعزيز عمليات التواصل وبناء العلاقات الدولية، اذ شكلت الدبلوماسية الرقمية طفرة في التفاعل والتواصل بين الدول مع بعضها البعض سواءً في تبادل الرؤى والمواقف السياسية أو في إدارة الأز

This study involved the preparation of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) from basic materials and elements, namely aluminum flakes (pure and impure), by dissolving them in hydrochloric acid diluted to 50%. The flakes were added gradually to ensure the formation of a PAC solution with high specifications and efficiency in treating turbid water and forming heavy flocs as one of the important applications for removing turbidity and some elements from drinking water and wastewater. This method was verified using a turbidity meter and the application mechanism using a jar-test apparatus. The analyses showed that the efficiency and sedimentation speed reached 95% for high turbidity levels and 98% for low turbidity levels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) ana

Pure polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers were doped with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the electrospinning technique. The characteristics of both nanofibers were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and UV-visible properties. The structure of PVP-Au was amorphous, as revealed by XRD. A DC voltage of 20 kV was applied to Au-PVP nanofiber beads on glass substrates and silicon wafers of n-Si type, oriented (111), at room temperature. The effect of doping on some physical properties (structural, optical, electrical, and sensitivity) of the polymer material was studied. The physical properties of the material composite film fibres were studied as th