Background: Men with azoospermia require testicular and epididymal sperm aspiration for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Women over 37 years of age demonstrate
an increase number of immature oocytes after induction of ovulation. The development of a technique for in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of
the oocytes using testicular, epididymal and vassal sperm (TS, ES, VS, respectively) will be of therapeutic value for the treatment of azoospermic patients.
Objectives: The goal of the study was to develop an animal model for the treatment of infertile couples with obstructive azoospermia and immature oocytes.
Materials and Methods: Canine ovaries and testes were collected from a local animal&n

Background : From the standpoint of mortality &morbidity, cancer is by far the most important clinical problem that concerns the breast today .The age adjusted incidence of new cases has been increasing steadily with increase in the incidence among the Iraqi women during the last few years .
Materials &method : A prospective study was arranged to assess the occurrence of postsurgical loco-regional recurrence of breast carcinoma in the Iraqi female patients , a total
number of 91 female patients were assessed during period from Dec.2000 to Dec.2002, the 
median period of follow up was two years.
Result : Loco-regional recurrence developed in 20 patients (22%). Chest wall and axilla were th

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. The genes of this region influence susceptibility to certain disease.
Objectives: This study was established to shed light on the possible association of HLA class I and II antigens with RV patients.
Patients and Methods: Lymphocytotoxicity assay for HLA for class I and II typing had been done for (100) Iraqi patients suffering from rheumatic valvulitis (RV), the control groups consisting of (75 healthy individuals and 35 non rheumatic heart disease (NRHD) patients ).
Results: The results showed a significant association of A33-Ags with these patients as compared with healthy and cardiac controls (P=0.005), (P=0.033)

CT scan features of Malignant Meningioma
Objective: Meningioma which is a common benign Brain tumor can be malignant, but the final decision is by biopsy. However CT. Scan features can help to evaluate malignancy of a lesion.

The aim of this retrospective study is to look for the malignant features of a malignant meningioma .
Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 50 malignant meningiomas in the neurosurgical unit in the specialized surgical hospital (previously AL-Shaheed Adnan hospital), for the period from March 1992 to March 2007. We search specially for Malignant features on the CT scan study of the patients.
Results: 94%of the patients had different features of malignant men

Background: streptococcal pneumonia is one of the most common pathogens that cause otolaryngological disease.

The Turks used the Ottoman Turkish language from the thirteenth century to the twentieth century.  During this period and under the influence of Islamic civilization, a large number of words and structures were used from the Arabic and Persian languages, Therefore, many Arabic grammatical structures were used in the Ottoman Turkish language, such as the definite article simply because it was widely used.

The paper is concerned with the use of the Arabic definite article in the Ottoman Turkish language, and the aim of this contrastive study is to find out the similarities and differences between the two languages ​​in terms of meaning and structure. Since linguistic studies depend on the practical side or applied approach, two

     Poetry is regarded an interesting area of inquiry in linguistic studies due to its eccentric and aesthetic use of language. A lot of studies have been carried out so far for the analysis of poetry, yet few have dealt with pastoral poetry. The present research attempts to investigate the language of pastoral poetry in two different languages i.e. English and Arabic with the aim of finding similarities and differences. The data of the study consists of one English and one Arabic pastoral poems. Leech and Short's (2007) checklist is used as a model for analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there are more similarities than differences between English and Arabic pastoral poems as the poems rely on contrast

Modern French novel has gained a distinctive status in the history of French literature during the first half of the twentieth century. This is due to many factors including the new literary descriptive objective style adopted by novelists like Alain Robbe – Grillet that  has long been regarded as the outstanding writer of the nouveau roman, as well as its major spokesman, a representative writer and a leading theoretician of the new novel that has broken the classical rules of the one hero and evolved, through questioning the relationship of man and the world and  reevaluating the limits of contemporary fiction , into  creating a new form of narrative.

Résumé:

En vue de résu

Die vorliegende Forschung erklärt ein sprachliches Phänomen im Deutschen und Arabischen, dessen Aspekte die Grund-Folge-Relation (Kausalität) im Allgemeinen sowie den wirkungslosen Gegengrund (Konzessivität) im Besonderen behandeln.
In diesem Kontext wird der Unterschied der verschiedenartigen Gründe der Kausalität im Deutschen, wie wirklicher Grund (kausal), möglicher Grund (konditional) und wirkungsloser bzw. unzureichender Gegengrund (konzessiv) gezeigt.
Die theoretischen Darlegungen der konzessiven Ausdrucksmittel in dieser Forschungsarbeit werden durch diverse praktische Beispiele aus der deutschen und arabischen Literatur fundamentiert.
Das Hauptziel dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt darin, gleichermaßen beim arabische

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل التفاعل بين الجنس والعرق والطبقة الاجتماعية وكيفية تأثير هذا التفاعل على تشكيل هوية فرانك موني الرجولية في رواية "الوطن" (2012) للكاتبة توني موريسون. يحاول الباحث تحليل الرجولة كما صورتها موريسون في كتابها من خلال تبني تفسير معين لمفهوم "تقاطع الهويات". تظهر حبكة الرواية الصراع بين الهوية العرقية والمعايير الاجتماعية للرجولة، وهو ما يتجلى في كيفية تصوير الأدوار الجندرية الاجتماعية، و

الخلفية: ( (10-15% من المصابين بالتهاب الكبد الفايروسي B يصبحون حاملين و(85-90)% منهم يشفون. فحصت المستضدات السطحية لالتهاب الكبد الفايروسي B للواهبين للدم بوساطة الاليزا هي الاختبار التقليدي الوحيد في العراق .بينما لايكشف عن اضداد اللب واضداد المستضد السطحي في مصولهم.

الهدف: التعرف على توزيع الانماط المصلية  لانتشارالتهاب الكبد الفايروسي B بين المتبرعين بالدم ال

خلفية الموضوع :  بالرغم من ان اكثر الاسباب شيوعا" لاعتلال الجذور العصبية القطنية هو الانزلاق الغضروفي او تضيق القناة الشوكية الا ان هناك اسباب متعددة غير ذالك خارج او داخل العمود الفقري.

الغاية من الدراسة:  هو تقييم و مراجعة الامراض التي تسبب اعتلال الجذور العصبية القطنية بدون وجود انزلاق غضروفي قطني.

طرق معالجة الموضوع:  دراس

Summary:
Background Mastalgia is described as diffused or itching pain of the breast. Usually, active movement of heavy breast supported by weak suspensory ligaments contribute mainly to the etiology of mastalgia which is considered the most frequent complaint of women attending Al-Elwiya teaching hospital for consultation.
Objective:- The aim was to minimiged breast pain in mastalgic women By wearing the sport brassieres with or without the Use of danazol
Patient and method :- Tow hundred and fifty cyclic and non cyclic women suffering
from some degrees of mastalgia were chosen randomly from breast clinic of AL-Elwiya teaching hospital from June 2004 till August 2005. The mastaligic women were divided into 3 groups: group A

أدوات الىفي الذاخلة على الجملة التحويلية الاسمي

Background:
There is a need to find methods to assess the size of the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume without involving radioactive tracers. For this purpose, the simple delusion method was used
to measure the ECF in rabbits and the inulin which is a polysaccharide was used as a marker of ECF measurement.
Methods:
18 male rabbits were used in this study. 8 of these animals were bilaterally nephroctomized to calculate the exact time to get diffusion equilibrium time after a bolus dose of inulin at a
dose of 25mg/kg of a solution of inulin 10 mg/ml. intravenously. The blood samples were taken after 1, 15, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
Results:
ECF volume was about 144.5 to 149.7 ml/kg depending on the i

Background: Childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common conditions pediatric nephrologists encounter globally. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and edema. The degree and duration of proteinuria have an impact on serum electrolyte levels. However, local data is limited.

Objectives: To assess and compare the degree of electrolyte imbalance and its relationship to kidney function indicators during relapse and remission in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 80 Iraqi children with an age range of (2-14) years. They were divided into three grou

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the educational program on nursing staffs' knowledge about uses of steroids and their side effects.
Methodology: A pre-experimental study design (one group design: pre-test and post-test) was used. This study was conducted in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital for the period from ( 28th May to 10 th June, 2020) on a non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (30 nurses) working in Oncology unit. A questionnaire was built as a data collection tool and consisted of two parts:
First part: The demographic characteristics of the nursing staff (gender, age, level of education, years of experience in hospital, participation in training courses related to nursing care for a patients undergoing

Abstract:
Objective: To self-evaluate the effect of SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) educational program on nurse and midwives practices in maternal health report documentation accuracy.
Methods: A quasi- experimental design was carried with the application of pre- post test for nurses and midwives’ knowledge and practices regarding SBAR communication tool. The study was held in Al-Elwia maternity teaching hospital, Al –Karckh maternity hospital and Al-Yarmouk teaching Hospital. purposive sample as it was convenient with inclusion criteria consisted of (84) nurse and midwives. The questionnaire comprised of demographic data, nurses- midwives practices of SBAR using (5) level Likert scale for assessme

يعد سرطان الثدي من اكثر انواع السرطانات التي تصيب النساء في العالم ، وقد تناولت الكثير من الدراسات والبحوث العوامل المسببة لهذا المرض من أجل التوصل للتشخيص المبكر والعلاج الناجح له.

تناولت هذه الدراسة حصراً النوع الخبيث والأكثر انتشاراً لسرطان الثدي وهو " سرطان القنوات المنتشر" حيث تركزت على بحث العلاقة بين هذا السرطان وتركيز الانترليوكين العاشر ، كما تناولت العلاقة بين تركيز

 الخلفية: - يُعرف التهاب حمة الدماغ الناجم عن الفيروس باسم التهاب  الدماغ الفيروسي الذي يتعايش بشكل متكرر مع التهاب السحايا الفيروسي وهو أكثر أنواع التهاب الدماغ انتشارًا

الأهداف: - إلقاء الضوء على التهاب الدماغ الفيروسي وأنواعه ووبائياته وأعراضه ومضاعفاته.

النتائج: - على الرغم من أنه يمكن أن يصيب الأشخاص من جميع الأعمار ، إلا أن العدوى الفيروسية هي السبب الأكثر انتشارًا ل

Background: Bronchiolitis is the first episode of wheezing associated with low grade fever, rhinitis, tachypnea, and increasing respiratory effort in a previously healthy
infant during the winter months, and it is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy.
Objectives: This study is designed to analyze the clinical signs and symptoms alone or as combinations as possible predictors of severe hypoxemia in infants with
bronchiolitis.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study, which was carried out on 96 infants with a mean age of 7.74 ±3.72 months who were admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical City-Baghdad with bronchiolitis during the period from 1st O

Objective: The study aimed to screen the prepubertal children for idiopathic scoliosis at earlier stages, and find
out the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and demographic data such as age, sex, body mass index,
heavy backpacks, and heart & lung diseases.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on screening program for prepubertal children in primary
schools at Baghdad city, starting from 24th of February to the end of October 2010. Non- probability
(purposive) sample of 510 prepubertal children were chosen from primary schools of both sides of Al-Karkh
and Al-Russafa sectors. Data was collected through a specially constructed questionnaire format include (24)
items multiple choice questions, and

الخلفية: الاعتلال الكلوي السكري يمثل السبب الاكثر شيوعا للمرحلة النهائية لامراض الكلى في العالم. هذا النوع من مضاعفات مرض السكري ينتج من التداخل ما بين العوامل الايضية والدم-حركية ومع ذلك هناك قرائن اخرى تدل على دور رئيسي للالتهابات في امراضية الاعتلال الكلوي السكري.

هدف الدراسة: تحديد دور نوعين من السايتوكينات (انترلوكين-18 وعامل التنكرز السرطاني الفا) في نش

Background: Patients with chronic renal failure ( CRF) are at increased rick of cardiovascular diseases and 60 of cardiovascular mortality in CRF is attributed to sudden  death.

Background: Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture resulting from permanent, nonprogressive defect or lesion of the immature brain. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common clinical type which is difficult to diagnose clinically in the early years of life. This study was conducted to identify the changes in the H-reflex excitability in children with spastic cerebral palsy as compared to normal children.
Methods: The excitability of the monosynaptic H-reflex pathway was tested in 36 children with spastic cerebral palsy during waking by calculation of the H-reflex wave amplitude with the ratio of maximal H /maximal M response amplitudes and compared with 32 normal children of the matching age.

Background:

Background:

This paper aims at presenting a comparison between objective and subjective tests . This paper attemptsto shed light on these two aspects of tests and make do a compression by using suitable techniques for objective and subjective tests .

     The paper compares between the two techniques used by the objective and subjective tests respectively, the time and efforts required by each type, the extent to which each type can be reliable, and the skills each type is suitable to measure.

     The paper shows that objective tests, on the contrary of the subjective ones, encourages guess> Objective tests are used to test specific areas of langua

Background Insulin works to control blood sugar levels by sending signals to liver, muscle and fat cells to bring in sugar out of the blood. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia are only a few of the interconnected metabolic disorders that are frequently linked to these diseases.    A statistical procedure called the Homeometric Assessment Model (HOMA) is used to determine the insulin resistance and pancreatic cell activity. (HOMA - IR). Both are determined using insulin and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but utilizing different formulas. Although investigations based on a modified version of HOMA using connective peptide concentrate (C-peptide) are shown, they are extremely scarce.<

Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the level of students' knowledge about the environmental health.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Health and Medical Technology in Baghdad
city during the period from 1st march till 1st of July 2012. Data was collected by self-recording of a previously designed
questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic information such as (age, gender, department, year of grade).
Results: The highest rate of students were in the 2nd year followed by the 3rd year, highest rate of students had low
level of knowledge followed by intermediate level of knowledge, while lowest rate of students on had high level of
knowledge .Females had higher level of know