Euphemisms are advantageous in people’s social life by turning sensitive into a more acceptable ones so that resentful feelings and embarrassment can be avoided. This study investigates the ability of Iraqi English learners in using euphemistic expressions, meanwhile, raising their awareness and the faculty members in English teaching faculties regarding the relevance of discussing the topics that demand euphemisation. This study comprised three stages: initial test, explicit instruction with activities, and a final test for the students’ development in this domain. A test has been distributed among 50 respondents, who are at the fourth year of their undergraduate study at the University of Babylon/ College of Basic Education. The lo

المقدمة: يعتبرسرطان القولون اكثر سرطانات الجهاز الهضمي شيوعا مع اكتشاف حوال 150000 حالة سنويا في الولايات المتحدة و هنالك حوالي 56000 وفاة بسبب سرطان القولون.  في العراق و حسب احصائيات مجلس السرطان العراقي فان نسبة سرطان القولون هي 4.55% من السرطانات التي تصيب الجسم و هو السبب السابع للموت, في الذكور يشكل سرطان القولون السابع من ناحية الانتشار و الرابع في الاناث.

المعلمات ا

الخلفية: الأورام السدويه المعديه المعوية ، بالرغم من أن نادرة، أورامَ اللحمه المتوسطه الأكثر شيوعاً للمنطقةِ المعويةِ. معدل نموالخلايا الوعائيه (في إي جي إف) يُرتَبطُ بالإمكانيةِ الخبيثةِ لعِدّة أنواع الأورام السرطانية.

هدف الدراسةِ: لتَقييم تعبيرِ في إي جي إف في الفحوى وإرتباطِه بالبارامتراتِ المختلفةِ وتُخاطرُ الأصنافَ.

المرضى،

Objective(s):  To find out the incidence Rate of abortions in pregnant women Admitted Maternal and pediatric Hospitals at Al-Diwaniyah City and to identify the relationship between the incidence rate of abortion and the associated risk factors that led to the occurrence of abortion.

Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted to identify the Incidence Rate of Abortions and its Associated Factors among Women at AL-Diwaniyah City’s Maternity and pediatric Hospital from 16 September 2020 to 16 March 2021 . The sample study includes (100) pregnant women with abortion out of (3800) pregnant women. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire through a personal intervie

خلفية البحث: بالرغم ان سرطان الثدي في النساء الشابات هو أقل شيوعا، وغالبا ما يغفل عنه، فإنه لا يزال يعتبر مصدر قلق صحي رئيسي.

اهداف البحث: تقييم الخصائص الديموغرافية والسريرية والتصويرية والنسيجية المرضية لسرطان الثدي لدى عينة من النساء العراقيات اللاتي تقل أعمارهن عن 40 عاما.

المرضى والطرائق: طبقت الدراسة بأثر رجعي على إناث دون سن 40

الخلفية: للدهون تأثير مباشر في سرطان الثدي . كما ان زيادة الدهون في الدم قد يكون احد الاسباب او العوامل التي تؤدي الى زيادة خطر الاسابة بمرض السرطان.

الهدف: ان الهدف  او الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد مستويات مصل الدم لمعلمات الدهون في النساء المصابات بسرطان الثدي ومقارنة ذلك مع النساء المصابات بورم الثدي الحميد . ايضا تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تقييم دور&nbs

Objective: The aim of the study to evaluate the nursing care management for diabetes mellitus patient
with total hip replacement after fractured hip.
Methodology: A field study carried out on patients with diabetes mellitus and have total hip
replacement after fractured hip in orthopedic ward at the hospital of surgical specialization (malefemale)during
January 2002 to January 2003.Physical and psychological nursing
assessment
immediately after the surgery was done for the both subjects (control and experimental) and then a
scientific management with daily nursing care were provided to the experimental subject with daily
nursing care to the patient condition by using a scientific and practical methods and leave th

Background : A retrospective study was done in the Pediatric ward /AL-Kadhimiyia Teaching Hospital on cases diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic Purpura admitted since the first of January1992 – the end of December 2004.
Aim of the study : The objective of this paper is to review the natural history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic Purpura , presenting feature and response to treatment.
Patients and methods : The review included age ,sex , clinical presentation , physical finding , complications , investigation ,treatment and course of the diseases .
Results: total number of the patients were 65, peak age was between (2 -5) years, 40 cases (61.53%). Females were affected more than Males with male: female

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma continues to be a major health problem in Iraq as well as in other countries. Many attempts were made to study molecular markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma and to link them to tumor grade, stage and prognosis, besides studying their role in carcinogenesis. The present study has been designed to detect mRNA of c-myc in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to oral dysplasia and to link the marker to grade and degree of the two pathologies.
Materials and methods: Forty two cases, including 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 12 cases of oral dysplasia were included in this study. Sections on positively charged slides were made from their paraffin blocks

خلفية البحث: مرض السكري هو عامل خطر لأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية وتصلب الشرايين وسبب مهم للوفاة. يرتبط خلل الدهون في الدم بشكل شائع بمرض السكري من النوع الثاني ويعتبر مؤشر تصلب الشرايين في البلازما علامة قوية للتنبؤ بخطر الإصابة بتصلب الشرايين وأمراض القلب التاجية.

الهدف من البحث: دراسة ارتباط المؤشرات الدهنية لتصلب الشرايين لدى المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالسكري من النوع الثاني ولد

الخلفية: التطعيم الأكثر استخدامًا ضد فيروس كورونا المرتبط بالسارس   (SARS-CoV-2) هو لقاح فايزر ، الذي يوفر الحماية من هذا الفيروس. ومع ذلك ، فإن قدرته على حماية تجويف الفم غير واضحة ، ولا مستويات المؤشرات الحيوية المناعية الدقيقة التي ينشطها.

الأهداف: الكشف عما إذا كان التطعيم بلقاح فايزر يحمي تجويف الفم أم لا.

المرضى والطرق: تكونت مجموعة الدراسة من إجمالي 70 شخصًا (30 كمجموعة ضابط

Background: Periodontal disease increases local and systemic inflammatory responses in pregnant women, which may lead to premature delivery.

Objectives: To detect maternal serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukine-6, interleukin-8) with preterm delivery in pregnant women suffering from gingivitis.

Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 85 pregnant women were included in the study, of whom 55 had gingivitis: 25 preterm deliveries and 30 full-term deliveries. Thirty healthy pregnant women with healthy gingiva were in the control group. They were selected from Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Gynaecology and Paediatrics, from November 202

Background: The critically ill patient is at risk of developing intensive care acquired infection, with the lungs being especially vulnerable. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) occurring after two days of mechanical ventilation and it is the most nosocomial infection seen in the intensive care unit .The establishment of an accurate diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia remains problematic and yet there is still no accepted "gold standard" for the diagnosis.
Patients& Methods: This is a cross section study for 328 patients admitted to intensive care unit at medical city teaching hospital. Full history, physical examination and investigation were done after 48 hours of admission according to

خلفية الموضوع: يعتبر فهم عوامل الخطورة المرتبطة باصابات موقع العمل عنصرا جوهريا لتصميم وتنفيذ التدابير الوقائية لمثل هذه الاصابات التي تعتبر مصدرا هاما من مصادر العجز والوفيات والخسائرالاجتماعية والاقتصادية في جميع انحاء العالم.

الهدف: وصف حالات الاصابات المهنية تبعا انموذج الشخص والمكان والوقت.

المواد وطرائق العمل: ا

الخلفية: إن سمية الدواء والآثار الجانبية للعلاج الكيميائي تؤثر سلبا على مرضى سرطان الثدي.

الأهداف: لتقييم فعالية التدخلات الصيدلانية في تحسين معرفة مرضى سرطان الثدي ومواقفهم وممارساتهم فيما يتعلق بالعلاج الكيميائي لسرطان الثدي.

خلفية البحث: تعتبر البدانة مشكلة صحية عالمية متزايدة في دول العالم المتطور والعالم الثالث على حد سواء. ان

المرضى البدناء من ذوي ضغط الدم الشرياني الطبيعي ربما لديهم فرط في ارتفاع معدلات ضغط الدم الشرياني صباحا والذي يعتبر عامل خطورة في ازدياد نسب الاصابة بامراض القلب بمعزل عن ارتفع ضغط الدم الشرياني. فضلا عن ذلك, البدناء من ذوي الضغط الطبيعي ليس لديهم انخفاض واضح في ضغ

المفدمة:  متلازمة المبيض المتعدد التكيسات هو من أكثر اضطرابات الغدد الصماء شيوعا و يؤثر على ما يصل الى 10% من النساء في سن الإنجاب. من الملامح المعرفة لمتلازمة تكيس المبايض هي فرط الاندروجينية و نسبة الاباضة الضئيلة. كثير من الدراسات الحديثة تؤكد على ارتباط شدة متلازمة تكيسات المبيض بنسبة انتي موليرين هورمون  (AMH) و عدد الجريبات الغارية(AFC). هدف الدراسة :

لمعرفة ما أن&n

Background: The metabolism of many trace elements, such as chromium, copper, and manganese, was reported to be altered in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This element may have specific roles in the pathogenesis and progress of this disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of copper, chromium, and manganese in type 2 diabetic patients in Iraq. 

Methods: This case-control study included 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 35-60 years old, with high BMI as cases, and 100 non-diabetic subjects as controls who were healthy volunteers not suffering from type 2 diabetes (staff and students). The data was collected from October 2022 until January 2023. The cases were seen in the Diab

     After Organization literature era, two literary schools appeared in Turkey and Abdulhaq Hamid is one of this period most prominent poets. During his stay in France with a group of colleagues sent by Turkish Government, he was greatly influenced by the French modern literature and the French modern literary authors.

     The study discusses the concept of time in the poetry of Abdulhaq Hamid. Reading his poetry, it can be noticed that time is important where he frequently refers to day and night, morning and evening as time insinuations. Hence, the present paper gives a brief study of the poet’s life, and sheds lights on his poems that deal with time- concept.

Ön Söz

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pumice, burning investment material
and black sand on the surface roughness of heat cure acrylic resin.
Methodology: Sixty specimens were prepared from pink heat cure acrylic resin, the specimens
where grouped into; 20 specimens which polished with pumice and water (control group); 20
specimens which polished with investment material (after burning it) and water; and 20 specimens
which polished with black sand and water. The average surface roughness of specimens after
polishing procedure had been determined by profilometer (surface roughness tester).
Results: Through the application of ANOVA and LSD tests, the result of this study showed that there
wa

Background:

generally genetic disorders are a leading cause of spontaneous abortion,

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مدى الالتزام بالعلاج بين مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم والعوامل المرتبطة به في مدينة الديوانية.

المنهجية: دراسة مقطعية وصفية أجريت خلال الفترة من الأول من تشرين الاول ٢٠٢٢ إلى ٨ اذار ٢٠٢٣. تكونت عينة الدراسة من ٢٠٠ مريض تم اختيارهم وفقًا لطريقة أخذ العينات الغير الاحتمالي (الغرضية). تم التحقق من صحة الاستبيان من قبل الخبراء وتم التحقق من موثوقيتها من خلال دراس

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors and risky population in Diyala province.<br />Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the records of HCV screening and confirmatory tests were reviewed for the period 1996-2001.Third generation Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Enzyme immunoblot assay were used as screening and confirmatory tests respectively.<br />Results: The prevalence of HCV infection among blood donors was 0.15%, with the highest in 1997. The highest prevalence rates were found among multiple blood recipient; hemophilia, thalassemia and hemodialysis patients (27.3%, 16.9% & 14.3%) respectively. Whereas, the patients with chronic hepa

Background: Alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver disease throughout the Western world, responsible for between 40 and 80% of cases of cirrhosis in different countries. Many of the factors underlying the development of alcoholic liver injury remain unknown, and significant questions remain about the value of even very basic therapeutic strategies.
Patients and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 113 alcoholic patients with evidence of liver disease in the absence of other significant etiology attending the Gastoenterorology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital between December 2001 and December 2003 were studied for the hematological and biochemical spectrum of alcoholic liver disease in

Objective(s): assessment of  the health follow up and weight control for women with osteoporosis and find out the relationship between their health follow up and weight control and their socio-demographic characteristics.

Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on women with osteoporosis for the period of September, 26^th 2020 to Jun, 20th 2021. Non- probability (convenient) sample of (70) women with osteoporosis selected from (5) Private Clinics for Joints and Fractures in Baqubah City. A questionnaire was designed though extensive review of literatures and it consists of three parts: the first part includes women’s socio demographic characteristics, the second part inclu

Objectives: To identify quality of life (QOL) in Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients, and to find out the
relationship between QOL in MI patients and demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive colTelation study which utilized an assessment approach. The study was carried out
from March 2007 through November 2007 in order to assess the quality of life for patients with myocardial
infarction. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (75) patients with myocardial infarction who were attending
to Baquba General Hospita`l through their visits to that hospital. A questionnaire was adapted and developed
from the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (1998). The questionnaire was designed and
consisted

خلفية الدراسة: اللشمانيا الاحشائية مرض يصيب الجهاز الطلائي الشبكي البطاني يؤثر هذا المرض على النظام المناعي لجسم الانسان كما انه قد يعمل على احداث تغيير واضح في تراكيز ومستويات بعض المعادن الضئيلة كالنحاس .

الاهداف: تقييم مستويات وتراكيز كل من  IL-10  و γ IFN-   وCu  للاطفال المصابين باللشمانيا الاحشائية بعد تشخيص اصابتهم بالمرض باستخدام كل من اختبار المستضد ال