This research aimed to examine how farmers are impacted by risk by estimating the off-farm labour supply model. The study used a qualitative response model to determine the extent to which independent factors influence the dependent factor, using the Probit model. Information was collected randomly from 134 farms it included all crops grown in it of the agricultural divisions of Baghdad Governorate's Karkh and Rusafa sides for the season 2021/ 2022. The research found that the size of the agricultural family is directly proportional to the probability of participating in work outside the farm, as its parameter was 0.015. Also, the higher the educational level of the farmers, the greater the likelihood of participating in work outside the

The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of beta-casein protein (β-CN) hydrolyzate, purified from Iraqi camel milk, on blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), level of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and the lipid profile status of alloxan-induced diabetes rats. The results indicated that the β-CN protein hydrolysates at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of blood glucose during fasting and in (OGTT). However, there were, significant increasing (p<0.05) in the level of insulin, GF-1 and the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), meanw

The research aims to identify the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers to enhance the competitiveness of the local agricultural product of vegetables in Baghdad province. The research community included all workers in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Training, and the Directorate of Agriculture of Baghdad\ Karkh and their number (114) workers. To achieve the research aims, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of (34) items as obstacles distributed over three areas (obstacles related to the agricultural extension aspect, obstacles related to the local agricultural product, and obstacles related to vegetable farmers). To measure these obstacles, a four-graded scale was used, consisting of four levels

The response of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii adults and their predators Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea to infested or uninfested cucumber leaves was tested using a Y-shape olfactometer. Aphids were significantly more attracted to uninfested than infested cucumber leaves. C. septempunctata was significantly more attracted to the infested leaves with aphids than uninfested cucumber leaves. At the same time, C. carnea responded to VOCs from leaves infested with aphids compared to healthy leaves. Moreover, the feeding activity of aphids rustles to release Kairomonal compounds, which can be positively exploited by C. carnea to identify the location of aphids and infested plants. Ou

This study was aimed to investigate antibiotic-resistant genes in Escherichia coli found in drinking water is a global public health concern. The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli in three drinking water treatment plants in Baghdad city was carried out using a mix of biochemical and molecular analysis on selective medium. LacZ gene amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out for molecular identification, and the study showed that lacZ was present in each isolate. The molecular method was used to confirm the culture method's findings.  Both the molecular diagnostic and the culture method produced the same results. Applying the McFarland standard and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, th

يعد الذكاء الاصطناعي من العلوم الحديثة التي ارتبطت بالإنسان منذ العقود الخمسة الماضية، وأصبحت السياسة الرقمية جزءاً لا يتجزأ من المجتمع لكونها تُستعمل في أغلب مجالات حياة الإنسان. وهذا ما شجع صانعي السياسات التكنولوجية الجديدة في التفكير بكيفية توظيفه لخدمة مصالحهم العليا السياسية والاقتصادية، بغض النظر عن بذل الجهود للتفكير في تنظيمهم للذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي، ووضع قيود تراعي التشريعات الدينية، وقوا

This  investigation was conducted to recognize the structure for (RHETI version 2.5  1999) by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Sample of (620) student of Al-Mustansrya University were administered the (RHETI).

The data of their responses was analyzed by using (PAF) and oblique rotating .

The findings explored (9) factors as one factor for each type and (184) items were loaded by the factors: (60) item for feeling center, (61) items for instinctive center and (63) items for thinking center.

Results of confirmatory factorial analysis supported a model designed by the researcher depended upon a theoretical views of Riso and Hudson

A field experiment was conducted during tow spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 in the experimental fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad using RCBD design according to factorial experiments with three replicates and three factors including sunflower cultivars (Ishaqi 1 and Ishaqi 2). The second factor included seeds priming with seaweed extract (Acadian) concentrations (0, 3, and 4 mg L^-1), in addition to with, foliar application of seaweed extract at the aforementioned concentrations. The results showed the significant superiority of the Ishaqi2 cultivar in all studied traits for both seasons. The treatment with priming and foliar application with Acadian at a concentration 4 mg L

To render the environment amenable, is the great challenge to the man in general & to the architect in particular, since the beginning cf the creation up to this date, with a view to reaching physical, physiological, & psychological environment, as to ensure certain immunity from the problems of cross internal & external environmental pollution in "Clean Buildings ", expressing his successful attempts at arriving at the results of the environment influences in the of the man's needs & desires and construing his relationship with the given environment to an actual existence features & components , on the ground that the planning of the building , designing its spaces & landmarks ,distributing its openings , & n

A sample  of  168 tonsillitic  subjects  (93  males and  75 females), livin g in Baghdad was evaluated  microbiologically.   The patients  had an age  range  of  3-35  years.          Four  bacterial   species  were   isolated  and identified.    They             were              P-haemolyt ic Streptococcus    ,(39.3%) Staphylococcus                  

يـــهدف البحـــث الحـالــي التعـــرف الي التحكم المجهــد لـدى طلبــة الجامعـة، تـكونـت عينــة البحـث الحـالي مـن (220) طالـبًا و(334) طالـبة، تـم اختيـارهم بالطريقـة الطبقيـة العشـوائية، بالأسلوب المتناسـب، مـن طلبـة جامعـة بغداد للدراســة الصباحيـة. ولغـرض التحـقق من أهـداف البحـث فقـد تبنـت الباحثـة الأداة الأولى مقياس التحـكم المجهــد المعـــد من قبـل (Rothbart&Evan’s,2007) وقـد قامـت الباحثـة بترجمته وعرضـ

X-ray diffractometers deliver the best quality diffraction data while being easy to use and adaptable to various applications. When X-ray photons strike electrons in materials, the incident photons scatter in a direction different from the incident beam; if the scattered beams do not change in wavelength, this is known as elastic scattering, which causes amplitude and intensity diffraction, leading to constructive interference. When the incident beam gives some of its energy to the electrons, the scattered beam's wavelength differs from the incident beam's wavelength, causing inelastic scattering, which leads to destructive interference and zero-intensity diffraction. In this study, The modified size-strain plot method was used to examin

    The characterization and design of this study of new liquid crystals with a V shape compounds containing thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,3-phenylene as a core unite with mesophase properties were reported. Preparation  and characterization of chloroacetic acid, water, and thiourea to produce thiazolidine-2,4-dione [I] in the presence of strong hydrochloric acid. The 4-hydreoxybenzaldehyde and n-alkyl bromide were reacted with potassium hydroxide to create the n-alkoxy benzaldehyde., then the compound [I] reacted with [II]_n in presence of piperidine to produce compounds [III]_n. Also, converted resorcinol to a corresponding  compound [IV] by refluxing pyridine and DMF with two moles of chlora

The present study provides the first record species of the genus Lithobius Leach, 1814, L. ferganensis (Trotzina, 1894) which was collected from the middle of Iraq. A detailed explanation of the morphology and the diagnostic characters of specimens of both sexes is provided.

This study was aimed to detect the effect of co-enzyme Q10 against infectious bursal disease vaccinated with different programs (recombinant HVT-IBD single dose at one day old, classical vaccines D78 at eight days old, and E228 at 16 days old) through the evaluation of levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. Two hundred and ten broilers were divided into seven groups, with 30 chicks in each group. T1, feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T2: feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (rHVT); T3: feed Q10 (40 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T4; feed Q10 (40 mg/kg) and vaccinated by (rHVT): T5; vaccinated (D78, E288) only: T6; vaccinated (rHVT) only: T7; negative

         Interested in this research shed light on the reality of foreign trade to Iraq Who suffers from a marked deterioration due to poor economic diversification of the country And increase the degree of economic exposure   , Which creates a state of extreme caution towards the question of accession to the (WTO)   , As controls Iraq's foreign trade commodity  , a president of one oil As well as the contribution of this item  , and by a large formation in GDP   , And that such a large and dangerous decline in the degree of economic diversification will create negative effects On overall economic activity components&

Numerical study is adapted to combine between piezoelectric fan as a turbulent air flow generator and perforated finned heat sinks. A single piezoelectric fan with different tip amplitudes placed eccentrically at the duct entrance. The problem of solid and perforated finned heat sinks is solved and analyzed numerically by using Ansys 17.2 fluent, and solving three dimensional energy and Navier–Stokes equations that set with RNG based k−ε scalable wall function turbulent model. Finite volume algorithm is used to solve both phases of solid and fluid. Calculations are done for three values of piezoelectric fan amplitudes 25 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm, respectively. Results of this numerical study are compared with previous b

Baghdad city has been faced numerous issues related to freshwater environment deteriorations due to many reasons, mainly was the discharge of wastewater without adequate treatment. Al-Rustamiya Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) have been constructed among many plants in Baghdad city to reduce the amount of wastewater discharged into natural environment and its subsequent adverse effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the plant which consist of a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and sequencing batch reactors (SBR) systems as secondary treatment units and its ability to meet Iraqi specifications. A reliability level determination and analysis also were conducted to find the plant's stability an

Solar module operating temperature is the second major factor affects the performance of solar photovoltaic panels after the amount of solar radiation. This paper presents a performance comparison of mono-crystalline Silicon (mc-Si), poly-crystalline Silicon (pc-Si), amorphous Silicon (a-Si) and Cupper Indium Gallium di-selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic technologies under Climate Conditions of Baghdad city. Temperature influence on the solar modules electric output parameters was investigated experimentally and their temperature coefficients was calculated. These temperature coefficients are important for all systems design and sizing. The experimental results revealed that the pc-Si module showed a decrease in open circuit v

To follow  up the  response of  acute  lymphoblastic  leukemic

(ALL)   patients   to   chemotherapy   treatment   and  for   prognosis, diagnosis,  the total Sialic acid  (TSA) levels was studied as a tumor marker. The study included 40 patients (male = 22, female =18) with (ALL)   were   tested   for   the   serum   and   leukocytes   homogenate concentrations  of total sialic acid (TSA)  before and after  treatment with    six   different   chemotherapy   protocols.     &n

The present work aimed to study effect of (N749 & N3) dyes on TiO2 optical and electrical properties for optoelectronic application. The TiO2 paste prepared by using a doctor blade method. The samples were UV-VIS specterophometricall analyzes of TiO2 before and after immersed in dyes (N749 & N3). The results showed absorption spectra shift toward the visible region due to the adsorption of dye molecules on the surface of oxide nanoparticles. It is seen that the Eg determined to give a value of 3.3eV for TiO2 before immersing in dyes, and immersing in dyes (N749 & N3) are (1.4 &1.6 eV) respectively. The structural properties (XRD), (FTIR) and (SEM) for the sample prepared were investigated and (J-V) characteristics was stu

  The study was designed in the northwestern part of Karbala city for the purpose of knowing the efficiency of some plant species of trees and shrubs planted by the municipality of the city to contribute to the deposition of dust particles suffered by the city's environment, in particular, as well as its ability to accumulate heavy metals in dust or soil, and to consider the study model for application in different parts of Iraq. It was found that the plant species (Acacia , Eucalyptus , Clkonukiyrs and Dodenia)  in the studied area that were given the symbols (A,B,C and D respectively).  Used the method of calculating the leaf area index to calculate the amount of dust drawn by the stock plant, then chemical digestion dry

The experiences in the life are considered important for many fields, such as industry, medical and others. In literature, researchers are focused on flexible lifetime distribution.

In this paper, some Bayesian estimators for the unknown scale parameter  of Inverse Rayleigh Distribution have been obtained, of different two loss functions, represented by Suggested and Generalized loss function based on Non-Informative prior using Jeffery's and informative prior represented by Exponential distribution. The performance of   estimators is compared empirically with Maximum Likelihood estimator, Using Monte Carlo Simulation depending on the Mean Square Error (MSE). Generally, the preference of Bayesian method of Suggeste

Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy specimens has been fabricated using powder metallurgy technique with tube furnace and vacuum sintering environment , three range of Nb powder weight percentage (0.3,0.6,0.9)% has been added. Micro hardness and sliding wear resist has been tested followed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) for micro structure observation. The experimental test for the samples has showed that the increase of Nb powder weight percentage in the master alloy has a significant effect on increasing the hardness and decreasing the wear resist therefore it will enhance the mechanical properties for this alloy.

Flow of water under concrete dams generates uplift pressure under the dam, which may cause the dam to function improperly, in addition to the exit gradient that may cause piping if exceeded a safe value. Cutoff walls usually used to minimize the effect of flow under dams. It is required to
1)minimize the flow quantity to conserve water in the reservoir, it is also required to
2)minimize the uplift pressure under the dam to maintain stability of the dam, and it is required to

3) minimize the exit gradient to prevent quick condition to occur at the toe of the dam where piping may occur and may cause erosion of the soil. Varying the angle of cutoff walls affects its influence on the factors aforementioned that are required to

single and binary competitive sorption of phenol and p-nitrophenol onto clay modified with
quaternary ammonium (Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium ) was investigated to obtain the
adsorption isotherms constants for each solutes. The modified clay was prepared from
blending of local bentonite with quaternary ammonium . The organoclay was characterized
by cation exchange capacity. and surface area. The results show that paranitrophenol is
being adsorbed faster than phenol . The experimental data for each solute was fitted well with
the Freundlich isotherm model for single solute and with the combination of Freundlich-
Langmuier model for binary system .

Econazole nitrate, a chemically produced triazole drug, is utilized to manage fungal keratitis. It has potent antifungal properties against many species; the readily available formula exhibits inadequate corneal permeability, visual aberrations, excessive tearing, dilution of tears, and leakage via the nasolacrimal duct. This research aimed to develop a polymeric micellar delivery system for econazole nitrate utilizing Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127) and Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F68), with the intention of enhancing its solubility in aqueous environments and improving its penetration through the cornea. First, critical micelle concentration of P407 and P188 was measured using Iodine UV-absorption spectroscopic method. Polymeric micelles loa

Bacterial infections are ongoing challenging due to resistance developed by infectious bacteria. So that many researches targeting designing new antibacterials are published annually. Heterocycles are important field in organic synthesis due to their biological activities. On the other hand Schiff base are also possessing wide range of pharmacological activities. Hybridization-combing two pharmacophores to form one molecule-is usual method in designing new drugs. The new compounds [heterocycles-hydrazones] derivative were synthesized through multi-steps procedure and characterized by thin layer chromatography and spectroscopically by ATR-FTIR and ¹HNMR. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of

Provisions and controls on the disposal of public funds between Sharia and law
Research Summary
That money is the foundation of life and one of the most important reasons for the reconstruction of the land, and God is the owner
The real value of this money, God has borrowed some individuals on public money, and people
They are charged with preserving it, since it is beneficial to them all, without anyone taking it
To himself, and the guardian is charged by God to protect this money and aggression
Because of its power, authority, various organs and public servants of the province
Upon him; Because the assault on public money by employees and others in the organs of the state
And exploitation of their jobs and this

Numerical and linguistic methods were varied in interpretation unless they were in accordance with the grammar
Texts of speech, and this was one of the methods used by linguists and linguists as well
What they call them (the opposite is the opposite), and this is what the word "pregnancy"
Is a synonym for the term "interpretation." This term was often used for syntax
The physical and linguistic cause when an act exceeds the character in which it is known to be infringed, or when
The use of a tool with a little use of it, especially by scientists who knew about it
Pay attention to grammatical errors. The Arabs may have uttered the word and wanted to denounce it
He went even further when the eraser carried away his abr