Rhizoctonia-Meloidogyne complex disease is a serious problem facing legume production in many countries. The infection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by pathogens Rhizoctonia solani (R) and Meloidogyne javanica (M) in a single infection or combination causes severe damage to plant growth. The effect of using Glomus spp. (G) and Pseudomonas sp. (P) as a biological control agent against Rhizoctonia- Meloidogyne complex disease was tested and assessed by comparing the growth and disease parameters in infected and control plants. Chickpea growth parameters are characterized by measuring shoot and root length, and fresh and dry weight. The results of using (G) and (P) in a single treatment o

Biomedical alloy 316L stainless steel enhancing to replace biological tissue or to help stabilize a biological structure, such as bone tissue, enhancing were coated with deposition a thin layer of silver nanoparticles as anti-bacterial materials by using DC- magnetron sputtering device. The morphology surface of The growth nanostructure under the influence of different working pressure were studied by atomic force microscope. The average grain size decrease but roughness of the silver thin layer was increased with‖ ―increasing the working pressure. The thickness of silver thin layer was increased from 107 nm at 0.08 mbar to 126 nm at 1.1 mbar. Antimicrobial activity of silver thin layers at different working pressure were studied. Th

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the fastest-growing neurological disorder in the world. Patients with PD face numerous challenges in managing their chronic condition, particularly in countries with scarce healthcare infrastructure. Objective This qualitative study aimed to delve into neurologists’ perspectives on challenges and gaps in the Iraqi healthcare system that influence the management of PD, as well as strategies to mitigate these obstacles. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with neurologists from five different Iraqi provinces, working in both hospitals and private neurology clinics, between November 2024 and January 2025. A thematic analysis approach was employed to identify the main challenge

Low-pressure capacitively coupled RF discharge Ar plasma has been studied using Langmuir probe. The electron temperature, electron density and Debay length were calculated under different pressures and electrode gap. In this work the RF Langmuir probe is designed using 4MHz filter as compensation circuit and I-V probe characteristic have been investigated. The pressure varied from 0.07 mbar to 0.1 mbar while electrode gap varied from 2-5 cm. The plasma was generated using power supply at 4MHz frequency with power 300 W. The flowmeter is used to control Argon gas flow in the range of 600 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm). The electron temperature drops slowly with pressure and it's gradually decreased when expanding the electro

Background:Parkinson’disease(PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and impairment of postural reflexes; the frequency of PD increases with aging.Clinically Parkinson's disease characterized by two groups of symptoms: motor and non-motor symptoms.Non-motor symptoms can be categorized as autonomic, cognitive/psychiatric (may include depression, dementia, anxiety, hallucinations), sensory and rapid eye movements (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

Objectives:The objectives of this study are to find out the frequency of the non-motor symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson disease in a group of patients in Baghd

             Polymeric microsphere devices occupy a wide range in the field of controlled drug delivery. Subcutaneous injectable preparations of Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere of Daptomycine were prepared by solvent extraction/evaporation technique using different copolymers ratio and molecular weights. Four formulations were prepared (F1-F4) and characterized in term of particle size, surface morphology, bulk density and porosity in addition to the drug content. The effects of the above parameters on the in-vitro release study were evaluated. These formulas were evaluated also for their in-vivo release profile using rat (as an animal model) and

A direct, sensitive and efficient spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrofurantoin
drug (NIT) in pure as well as in dosage form (capsules) was described. The suggested method was
based on reduction NIT drug using Zn/HCl and then coupling with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone
hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) in the presence of ammonium ceric sulfate. Spectrophotometric
measurement was established by recording the absorbance of the green colored product at 610 nm.
Using the optimized reaction conditions, beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.5-30 μg/mL, with
good correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and limits of detection and quantitation of 0.163 and 0.544
μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy and

In the last decade, tilapia fish species distributed in the Iraqi inland waters. Three species; Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) and Redbelly tilapia Coptedon zillii (Gervais, 1848) inhibiting Shatt Al-Arab River. They belong to family Cichlidae. They are very similar to differentiate among them using biometry. So, genetic markers used for species discrimination. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol used to examine genetic variation and to generate DNA fingerprints of tilapia fish species in Shatt Al-Arab River. Sixty-two specimens of tilapia fish collected from Shatt Al-Arab

An experiment was conducted to evaluate fertility, hatchability, egg weight and egg production traits from three different lines of local quails. A total number of 945 eggs (334, 321 and 290 for desert, brown and white, respectively), from 20 weeks of age were used in the study. White quail significantly (P≤0.05) produce higher egg weight (12.79 ± 0.08 g), chicks' weight (8.89± 0.02 g), percentage of mortality (2.34 ± 0.70 %) and Hen-day egg production (79.33 ± 0.98 %) comparing with other local quails. While local brown quail have significantly (P≤0.05) higher percentages of fertility and hatchability which averaged 79.11 and 86.80%, respectively. The higher total number of egg and low m

This paper aims to propose a hybrid approach of two powerful methods, namely the differential transform and finite difference methods, to obtain the solution of the coupled Whitham-Broer-Kaup-Like equations which arises in shallow-water wave theory. The capability of the method to such problems is verified by taking different parameters and initial conditions. The numerical simulations are depicted in 2D and 3D graphs. It is shown that the used approach returns accurate solutions for this type of problems in comparison with the analytic ones.

The plant occupied the largest area in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, especially the medicinal plants, and it has shown great potential in biotechnology applications. In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaves extract and its antifungal and antitumor activities were investigated. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed after 1 hour of preparation color changing. The ultraviolet and visible spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize synthesis particles. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy showed a silver surface plasmon resonance band at 434

For this research, the utilisation of electrocoagulation (EC) toremove theciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LVX) from aqueous solutions was examined. The effective removal efficiencies are 93.47% for CIP and 88.00% for LVX, under optimum conditions. The adsorption isotherm models with suitable mechanisms were applied to determine the elimination of CIP and LVX utilizingtheEC method. Thefindingsshowed the adsorption of CIP and LVX on iron hydroxide flocs followed the Sips isotherm, with correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.939 and 0.937. Threekinetic models were reviewed to determine the accurate CIP and LVX elimination methods using the EC method. The results showed that itfittedfor the second-order model, which indicated that the c

This study aimed to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) or amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACP) into a self-etch primer (SEP) to develop a simplified orthodontic bonding system with remineralizing and enamel preserving properties.

In this study, (50–110 nm) magnetic iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of iron target in dimethylformamide (DMF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. The structural properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV–VIS absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of laser fluence on the characteristics of these nanoparticles was studied. Antibacterial activities of iron oxide nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. The results sh

      Electrical resistivity methods are one of the powerful methods for the detection and evaluation of shallower geophysical properties. This method was carried out at Hit area, western Iraq, in two stages; the first stage involved the use of 1Dimensional Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique in three stations using Schlumberger array with maximum current electrodes of 50m. The second stage included the employment of two dimension (2D) resistivity imaging technique using dipole-dipole array with a-spacing of 4m and n-factor of 6 in two stations. The 1D survey showed good results in delineating contaminated and clear zones that have high resistivity contrast. Near the main contaminated spring, the 2D resi

This experiment was aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of adding natural extracts (clove, Mentha and thyme) with synthetic BHT on some physiochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of lamb patties stored at 4 Cº for 12 days. Results indicated that there’s a steady rise (P<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial and pH with the increasing time of storage. Also, a significant (P<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial and pH was observed in patties treated with clove, thyme, mentha and BHT as compared with untreated samples. It was found that adding natural extracts is more effective in inhibiting microbial count than did BHT. The highest score of overall acceptability was n

The current study used extracts from the aloe vera (AV) plant and the hibiscus sabdariffa flower to make Ag-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag-ZnO nanocomposites (NCs). Ag/ZnO NCs were compared to Ag NPs and ZnO NPs. They exhibited unique properties against bacteria and fungi that aren't present in either of the individual parts. The Ag-ZnO NCs from AV showed the best performance against E. coli, with an inhibition zone of up to 27 mm, compared to the other samples. The maximum absorbance peaks were observed at 431 nm and 410 nm for Ag NPs, at 374 nm and 377 nm for ZnO NPs and at 384 nm and 391 nm for Ag-ZnO NCs using AV leaf extract and hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract, respectively. Using field emission-scanning electron microscopes (FE-

This work was conducted to study the association of variations in the VLDLR gene and mRNA expression in the liver and the ovary of local Iraqi hens with some productive and blood traits. The VLDLR gene variations were studied using blood samples of 173 pedigreed hens, 47 weeks old while the expression was studied using tissue samples of the ovary and liver in 30 pedigreed hens, 60 weeks old. Genotypic and allelic frequencies, production traits, and biochemical serum blood were investigated. The results showed that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the VLDLR in 173 chickens did not agree with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.0307). The genotypic frequencies were 94.7 and 5.3% for both GG and GT genotypes respectively, whi

This study was aimed to induce and produce a polyploidy Robinia pseudoacacia seedling by different concentrations of colchicine (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) in various exposure times (12, 24 and 48 h), using in two experiments. In the first, were applied to the seeds by immersing method. In the second, were applied to shoot apical meristems by dropping method. The results showed significant effects of different interactions between colchicine concentration and exposure period on the seed germination, seedling survival rate and seedling characters. By increasing of the colchicine concentration the seed germination and seedling survival rate decreased significantly in colchicine concentrations (0.15 and 0.2%). Freque

This study was aimed to evaluate the Bacillus megatrium ability to growth and degradated the organophosphorus pesticides, Glyphosate. , Bacillus megaterium was isolated from Iraqi Soils and identification by morphological and biochemical tests beside a Sperber’s Medium as selectivity media. The best growth results were in (2- 60) days, had the same growth for both (5, 25) ppm on MSM. The best degradation rate ability % were in (25) ppm /60 days (70.9)%. The increasing in incubation show increasing of degradation ration% of Glyphosate  via HPLC specially after 60 days , the best ration were for (25)ppm .T

Stereo lithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing process is a type of additive manufacturing techniques that uses digital models from computer-aided design to automatically produce customized 3D objects. Around 30 years, it has been widely utilized in the manufacturing, design, engineering, industrial sectors and its applications in dentistry for manufacturing prosthodontics are very important. The stereo lithography technology is highly regarded because it can produce items with excellent precision especially when selecting the best process parameters. This review article offers a useful and scientific summary of SLA three-dimensional printing technology and its brief history. The specific type of 3D printers which is SLA t

In dental and medical applications, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been widely accepted due to the excellent biocompatibility and easy fabrication. Yet, some of the physical and mechanical characteristics of this compound are considered inferior. Seven groups of PMMA nano-composite samples were reported to be fabricated at laboratory temperature . These samples could be used in manufacturing the complete or partial maxillary denture base. The aim of this research is to prepare nano-composite materials which consist of PMMA as a matrix material and two different types of powder (prepared nanoparticles of SnO₂ and natural egg shell powder (ESP)) as strengthening materials. The selected additives were used in many cases as p

Cyclophosphamide which acts as cytotoxic alkylating agent can induce a renal damage through the toxic metabolites which result from metabolic activation of Cyclophosphamide by cytochrome P-450 inside hepatocyte and develop renal toxicity by direct binding with cellular organelles in the urinary tract cells. Guggulsterone is a sterol derived from plant has ability to bind to farsenoid X receptor, mineral corticosteroid receptor, androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor.

     Yohimbine is actually confirmed in the United States to be utilized for erectile dysfunction; and recently such drug has become commonly used in body-building communities for its presumed lipolytic and sympathomimetic effects. But ingestion of such drug can bring about epileptic neurotoxic effects.

Many antiepileptic drugs can be utilized to counteract myoclonic seizure; furthermore, diazepam can be used to oppose such type of seizure; in addition, surrogate therapeutic options such as omega 3 may also be utilized.  

In this study, twenty-four (24) mice of both sexes weighing 20-25g were randomly-allocated into 4 groups (6 animals each group) as follows: Group I-