Background: Multi- drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus infections have become a major public health concern in both hospital and community settings.Objective: to investigate the antibacterial activity of T. Foenum- groecum essential oil against skin infection with S. aureus and to study probable synergistic activity in combination with Clindamycin.Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Antibacterial activity of T. Foenum- groecum essential oil extract (1.2gm/100 µl) was investigated in multi- drug resistance (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus specimen isolated from patients with skin infection in Baghdad. T. Foenum- groecum use externally for cellulites and skin inflammation due to the presence of diosgenin .fast liq

Background: Educational environment is one of the most important determinants of an effective curriculum. Students' perceptions of their educational environment have a significant impact on their behavior and academic progress. Objective: 1. To identify students’ perception to the educational environment.2. To identify any gender or class level differences in the students’ perception.Type of the study: This is a descriptive cross-sectional studyMethodology: The study was carried out on convenient sample of 150 students of 2nd and 5th grade. This study was done in Al Kindy Medical College, Baghdad, Iraq and conducted during the period from the 1st of October 2013 till the end of March 2014, by using DREEM questionnaire a validated uni

Objectives: Many medication errors occur in the hospital, and these can endanger patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of medication errors in hospitalized patients, and to categorize the most frequent types of errors, and to asses the possible measures that may prevent the occurrence of such errors.
Methods: A prospective, exploratory, and evaluative study, using direct observation method to detect medication errors in adult hospitalized patients in medical and surgical units in Baquba Teaching Hospital- Diyala-Iraq.. The files of 299 patients had been reviewed from July 2009 to September 2009, including medication orders and treatment sheets to detect existing errors. The detected errors were recorded and

Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) induced by agrochemicals of chitosan (CH) and salicylic acid (SA) at (25, 50 and 100 ppm) , in addition to a biocontrol agent of  T. harzianum (Th) at 4 ×10⁶  were examined against M. phaseolina  the causal agent of charcoal rot of sunflower. The results depended on estimation of diseases severity and microsclerotia density in the soil. Thus, the seeds immersion in CH 75 ppm for 6 h., gave the highest and considerable reduction (p=0.05) in disease severity by 48.25% and reduced microsclerotia survived in the soil up to 70%. Application of SA at 50 and 75 ppm proved an obvious reduction of charcoal rot severity by up to 39% and 37% for both co

This study aimed to investigate effect of foliar application of Kinetin on growth, yield, yield components and antioxidant affectivity  of maize. A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 at the Alhamidia Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. A randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement with three replications was used in this study. The main plots contained the levels of kinetin (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L^-1), and the subplots contained the cultivars (Baghdad 3, Fajr 1, and Almaha). The results indicated that the maize cultivars significantly differed in most of the studied traits. The Baghdad 3 cultivar showed a significant superiority in most of the

Kenger (Gundelia tournefortii L.) plants were collected based on the availability of these plants in the local market to determine the nutrition value, some phytochemical content, and element content during March 2023 at the vegetative stage at thirteen different locations in the Sulaimani region. Some vegetative traits and chemical contents were studied. The results indicated that the highest content of carbohydrates was (12.670%) at Mawat, the protein was (32.703%) at Hazarmerd, and fiber was (35.620%) at Penjwen locations respectively. The analysis of Kenger edible parts (stem and leaves) through GC-MS revealed the presence of a complex mixture of compounds varying from 13 to 19 compounds among the locations. Compound

In vitro propagation approach has been adopted for micropropagation and conservation of Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) to guarantee its sustainable phyto-industry and research availability. Within 1 month, in vitro shoot differentiated was accomplished by culturing shoot tip, nodal segment, and leaf on MS medium enriched with various BA (Benzyl Adenine) concentrations. A significant difference was observed with shoot tips compared with nodal explants and leaf at the shoot induction percentage and mean number of shoot per explant. The highest percentage of shoot induction (100%) and average number of micro shoot per shoo tip (9.200 shoot) were recorded on MS medium fortified with 1 mg

This study was aimed to determine the effect of replacing treated and untreated corn impurities with urea instead of wheat bran on rumen bacteria and fermentation of Awassi lambs. Five levels of treated and untreated corn impurities as 44:0%, 32:11%, 20:22%, 10:32% and 0:39% bran:impurities in a 2×5 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design using forty lambs with an initial weight of 27.45 ± 2.16kg and 4-5 months old. Individual feeding was used for 70 days and rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6h after morning feeding. Results showed an increasing (p<0.05) rumen pH at zero time especially corn impurities treated with urea and increasing (p<0.05)

The current research consists of four chapters, the first chapter of which is devoted to presenting the research problem, its importance, purpose and limitations as well as a definition of its terms, as the research was limited to knowing the effect of plant decoration in the Kufic script, while the second chapter included the theoretical framework of the research, which consisted of two topics, one of which is the plant decoration, The second relates to the Kufic script and the stages of its formation, development, and intonation. The third chapter includes the research methodology and mechanisms for analyzing the linear panels. The fourth chapter, during which the most important findings of the researcher were presented, are as follows

equality between man and woman
                          Among Islamic law
              International conventions and agreements

In this paper, Pentacene based-organic field effect transistors (OFETs) by using different layers (monolayer, bilayer and trilayer) for three different gate insulators (ZrO2, PVA and CYEPL) were studied its current–voltage (I-V) characteristics by using the gradual-channel approximation model. The device exhibits a typical output curve of a field-effect transistor (FET). Source-drain voltage (Vds) was also investigated to study the effects of gate dielectric on electrical performance for OFET. The effect of capacitance semiconductor in performance OFETs was considered. The values of current and transconductance which calculated using MATLAB simulation. It exhibited a value of current increase with increasing source-drain voltage.

The aim of the research to identify the details of the reality of the organizational environment for educational supervisors from the point of view of physical education teachers in Baghdad, and the two researchers relied on the descriptive approach on a sample chosen randomly from teachers and teachers of physical education who are continuing their time in their primary schools for the academic year (2023/2024), the total number ( 1730) individual, and they are distributed by (180) primary schools in the six education directorates in the capital, Baghdad, who are actually continuing the official working hours of the permanent owners and the number of those who number (1562) individuals, who were chosen for the survey Sam (0.694 %) of th

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of plasma activated medium (PAM) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and AMJ13) and compared it to non malignant one (ASCs). The cytotoxic effect of 10,15,20, and 25 min prepared PAM was measured and the results indicated that all cells were influenced in the exposure times (20 and 25)min, especially after 48 hours of incubation with lesser influence on normal cells. Based on the results 20 min was determined as the effective dose on 50% of cancer cells with minimal influence on normal one. Further, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was assessed and the results indicated reduction in the level of this cytokine after PAM treatment, MCF7 showed significant 2reduction in both incubation i

This study  was investigates the effect of adding different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) % of mallow (Malva  neglecta L.) leaves powder (MLP) to wheat bread mix on nutritional and qualitative properties of the obtained bread. Results of the chemical composition based by dry matter, moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates for wheat flour and mallow leaves powder were 87.4, 12.6, 0.65, 10.5, 1.25, 75% and 96.2, 3.8, 7.90, 12.70, 1.60, 74.20 %, respectively. The study included nine treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 ), where T1 was the control treatment. During the fermentation period, dough  mass was  increased to its maximum value, T1 reco

This study was aimed to investigate effects of Benzyl Adenine and Zinc sulfate on Plum trees growth, at the field of Depart. Horticultural and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2021. Spraying three different concentrations (0, 50, and 100) mg.L^-1 of Benzyl adenine and foliar applications of Zinc sulfate with three different concentrations (0, 25, and 50) mg.L^-1 on vegetative and root system traits, as well as the chemical content of Plum seedlings (Prunus domestica L.) grafted on to Apricot rootstocks. The experiment conducted using factorial experiment with a Randomized Complete Block Design and, three replicates, Tw

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, the best prayer and the best prayer, on our master Muhammad, and on his pure God, and his companions and the faithful, and who followed them by charity to the day of religion. This relationship between emphasis, is a sincere, and this harmony, such as the relationship between water, and the green, but it is good, but, with greenery, it is better, and as well as alone, is a beautiful view, but the most beautiful, with the most beautiful. From here he was starting on myself in writing the fundamentalist research of jurisprudence, to show the depth of this interconnection. The doctrine as a new term, then the taj al-Din al-Suobki came after three centuries, and a

الخلفية التاريخية : عقيدات الغدة الدرقية شائعة جدا في الممارسة السريرية. على الرغم من أن معظم العقيدات الدرقية هي حميدة، فمن المهم تحديد أي العقيدات أكثر احتمالية ان تكون خبيثة .الموجات فوق الصوتية هي أداة تشخيصية رئيسية لفحص وتقييم أمراض الغدة الدرقية. الهدف من هذه الدراسة : هومعرفة دور الفحص بالموجات فوق الصوتية في تقييم العقيدات الدرقية واستعراض صفات الموجات فوق الصوتية المختلفة لتوقع االورام .الخبيثة ل

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers, and upon his family and companions

And whoever follows his guidance until the Day of Judgment. As for what follows: Islamic law commands Muslims to unite, reject disagreement, and not dispute, and to spread the spirit of tolerance and love among them. God Almighty said: “And hold fast to the rope of God all of you and do not become divided, and remember the favor of God upon you when you are enemies and He has joined your hearts.” So, by His grace, you became brothers (1), and He said: (And You will be like those who became divided and disagreed after the clear proofs had come to them. It is they - for them is a great punishment.) (2

The principle of citizenship has international dimensions that affect the application of the principle, such as the structure of the international system, and the control of the concepts of globalization, international organizations which played an important role in the consolidation of this principle.

The problem of the study revolves around the effects of international variables on the principle of citizenship in Kuwait during the period 1991-2018.

The study used several indicators, such as: the rule of law, achieving the principle of separation of powers, the right to form parties, the application of the law of nationality, and racial discrimination, women's rights, and freedom of expression.

The aim of this essay is to use a single-index model in developing and adjusting Fama-MacBeth.  Penalized smoothing spline regression technique (SIMPLS) foresaw this adjustment.  Two generalized cross-validation techniques, Generalized Cross Validation Grid (GGCV) and Generalized Cross Validation Fast (FGCV), anticipated the regular value of smoothing covered under this technique. Due to the two-steps nature of the Fama-MacBeth model, this estimation generated four estimates: SIMPLS(FGCV) - SIMPLS(FGCV), SIMPLS(FGCV) - SIM PLS(GGCV), SIMPLS(GGCV) - SIMPLS(FGCV), SIM PLS(GGCV) - SIM PLS(GGCV). Three-factor Fama-French model—market risk premium, size factor, value factor, and their implication for excess stock returns and portfolio ret

    The main goal of the current research is to know -Environmental problems included in the content of the two science books (chemistry units) for intermediate stage

A list of environmental problems had been prepared  and  consisting of (8) main areas which are (air and atmosphere pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, energy, disturbance of biodiversity and environmental balance, waste management, food and medicinal pollution, investment of mineral wealth). Of which (60) sub-problems,  at that time the researcher analyzed the two science books (two chemistry units) for the intermediate stage of the academic year (2020-2021) in light of the list that was prepared, and the validity and consisten

Background: Men with azoospermia require testicular and epididymal sperm aspiration for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Women over 37 years of age demonstrate
an increase number of immature oocytes after induction of ovulation. The development of a technique for in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of
the oocytes using testicular, epididymal and vassal sperm (TS, ES, VS, respectively) will be of therapeutic value for the treatment of azoospermic patients.
Objectives: The goal of the study was to develop an animal model for the treatment of infertile couples with obstructive azoospermia and immature oocytes.
Materials and Methods: Canine ovaries and testes were collected from a local animal&n

The effect of number of pulses of pulsed laser on materials is studied analytically, different pulses has been used with the same delay time.  The depth of possible damage to the surface of copper and titanium as well as depth of the crater to both materials were considered in this study.  The study revealed that linear model is only possible when estimating depth of possible damage for copper material, this means that the depth of possible damage increases with the increment of number of laser pulses .As for titanium material, it is found  the relationship is nonlinear.  The depth of possible damage of titanium and copper is not the same, and copper seems to be more predictable than titanium.  
 

The experiment was implemented in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad during the agricultural season 2021-2022 as a factorial experiment (2 x 3 x 3) with within Randomized Complete Block Design using 3 replcates, The spraying with marine algae extract (0, 4, and 6ml.l^-1) represented the first factor symbolized by K₀, K₁, and K₂; the second factor involved spraying with the yeast extract (0, 2, and 4 mg.l^-1) referred to as Y₀, Y₁, and Y₂; while the third factor was mowing date as tow mows were applied with 15 days interval between them. The research was aimed to examine the effect of the three

This study was aimed to determining a fitted forecasting method for the forecasting of crude palm oil prices at international and domestic market as well as fresh fruit bunch prices at collecting merchant and farmer level in Bengkulu Province market by considering three models, namely, double exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average, and classical decomposition.  The data used were monthly data of crude palm oil prices at domestic and world markets from January 2012 – October 2016 and January 2012 – April 2017, whi

Moina  macrocopa is a natural feed that can be cultured to producing ephippia as a bioproduct for fish and shrimp larvae feed. The number of males in the population affects the quality and quantity of ephippia produced.  This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the female age in M. macrocopa mating and examining the ratio male-female M. macrocopa in the mating on the quantity and quality of ephippia produced.  The treatment

Background: Penetrating neck injuries are common problem in our country due to increasing violence, terrorist bombing and military operations.
These injuries are potentially life threating and need great attention and proper management.
Objective: The aim of this study is to focus on the importance of anatomical zonal classification of the neck in the management of penetrating injuries of the visceral compartment of the Neck.
Methods :70 patients with various injuries who were managed at causality unit and Otolaryngology department in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital during aperiod from January 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015.
The study carried on those patient depending on proper clinical examination and their urgent management.

Parasitological investigation of piscivorous birds in Al-Hammar marsh south of Iraq during December-February 2004 and December 2005 were revealed that water birds infected with five nematode species, which belong to three different superfamilies, Desmidocercella numidica (Seurat, 1920) (Superfamily: Aproctoidea) from three piscivorous birds including Grey heron Ardea cinerea, Bittern Botaurusstellaris, and small white heron Ardeola ralloides; Avioserpens sp. 1 and Avioserpens sp. 2 (Superfamily: Dracunculoidea) from small bittern Ixobrychus minutus and black glossy ibis Plegadisfalcinellus respectively; Baruscapillaria sp. and Baruscapillarinae gen. sp. (Sup

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرّف على منصات التواصل الاجتماعي ودورها في المساهمة في معالجة السلوكيات المنحرفة من وجهة نظر الشباب الجامعي.
المنهجية: تُصنف هذه الدراسة ضمن البحوث الوصفية، وقد اعتمدت على المنهج المسحي، وتكوّن مجتمع البحث من طلبة كلية العلوم السياسية في جامعة بغداد للعام الدراسي 2024-2025، أما عيّنة البحث فقد بلغت 10‎‎%، إذ تم اختيار (100) طالبٍ منهم باستخدام أسلوب العيّنة ا

Most of the Weibull models studied in the literature were appropriate for modelling a continuous random variable which assumes the variable takes on real values over the interval [0,∞]. One of the new studies in statistics is when the variables take on discrete values. The idea was first introduced by Nakagawa and Osaki, as they introduced discrete Weibull distribution with two shape parameters q and β where      0 < q < 1 and b > 0. Weibull models for modelling discrete random variables assume only non-negative integer values. Such models are useful for modelling for example; the number of cycles to failure when components are subjected to cyclical loading. Discrete Weibull models can be obta