The photocatalysis oxidation process is a promising technology within the series of advanced oxidation processes, which implements light-induced catalysts to generate strong oxidative species to eliminate organic pollutants from wastewater treatment. The Ag₂O@CuO photocatalyst was successfully prepared by the co-precipitation method. The developed photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The Ag₂O@CuO efficiency was examined in the photocatalysis degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as a cation

   Carbon capture and storage technologies are crucial in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the enhancement of CO₂ absorption through refining amine blends, specifically diethylenetriamine (DETA) with monoethanolamine (MEA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with MEA at different concentrations and employing chemical promoters to boost the performance of the gas treatment system. The behaviour of these amines was evaluated by the impact of mixing DETA and MEA across different concentrations. The results showed that the removal efficiency increased with increasing DETA concentration. Similarly, the TEPA-MEA blend was investigated, demonstrating an increase in removal efficiency with increasing TEPA c

This study was aimed to investigate the role of codon usage on infectivity and virulence of fowl adenovirus. The PCR amplicon sequence revealed that loop1 has a hypervariable region and is adjacent to loop2 on Hexon A segment, while Hexon B segment has a less variable region. The fiber gene is similar among isolates, with differences associated with the virus. Most belong to fowl adenovirus-4, with others in type 8b and E. The study revealed increased effective nucleotide codons in isolates 5, 33, 44, and 15 in Fiber gene, Loop2, and Loop1genes. The study analyzed the impact of mutation on codon usage, hypervariable regions 1-4, and the effective number of codons by determining high and low effec

This investigation was aimed to study pollen grains of subgenera Prunus and Cerasus. The polleniferous materials were collected from different places of Kurdistan region of Iraq living specimens. Pollen grains of all investigated taxa of subgenera Prunus and Cerasus were isopolar, monad, symmetric, tricolporate, dicolporate and tetracolporate pollens also observed, but very rarely. The pollen grains shape of taxa of subgenera Prunus and Cecasus divided in two groups subprolate and

 إِنَّ الاطلاع عَلَى الفقرة أَولاً من الْمَادَّة (25) مِن قَانُونِ أصول المُحَاكَمَات الْجَزَائِيَّة لقِوَى الأَمْن الدَّاخِلِي، يجعلنا نقول: توجد ضوابط شخصية وأخرى موضوعية تحدد انعقاد الْاِخْتِصَاص لمَحَاكِم قِوَى الأَمْن الدَّاخِلِي، فالأَولى أنْ تُعَدُّ مصدراً لوجود القَانُون والمتمثلة بصفةِ الشُرْطَة كون القَانُون في الأساس هو قَانُون أشخاص ومن ثم صفة مرتكب الْجَرِيمَة تُعَدُّ مصدر قيامه، إِلّا

Used cooking oil was undergoing trans-esterification reaction to produce biodiesel fuel. Method of production consisted of pretreatment steps, trans-esterification, separation, washing and drying. Trans-esterification of treated oils was studied at different operation conditions, the methanol to oil mole ratio were 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, and 12:1, at different temperature 30, 40, 50, and 60 ^º C, reaction time 40, 60, 80, and 120 minutes, amount of catalyst 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt.% based on oil and mixing speed 400 rpm. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 91.68 wt.% for treated oils obtained by trans-esterification reaction with 10:1 methanol to oil mole ratio, 60 ^º C reaction temperature, 80 minute reactio

Pump-controlled motors (PCM) are the preferred power elements in most applications because of their high maximum operating efficiency. The dynamics of such hydraulic systems are highly nonlinear and the
system may be subjected to non-smooth and discontinuous nonlinearities. Aside from the nonlinear
nature of hydraulic dynamics, hydraulic servo systems also have large extent of model uncertainties such as uncompensated friction forces variation of system parameters and external disturbances. The conventional Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller can not cope with hydraulic system nonlinearities and could not compensate its variation of parameters. Therefore, a radial basis neural network has been suggested to contro

In this paper waste natural material (date seed) and polymer particles(UF) were used for investigation of  removal dye of the potassium permanganate. Also study effect some variables such as pH, dye concentration and adsorbent concentration on dye removal. 15 experimental runs were done using  the itemized conditions designed established on the Box-Wilson design employed to optimize dye removal. The optimum conditions for the dye removal were found: (pH) 12, (dye con.) 2.38 ppm, (adsorbant con.) 0.0816 gm for date seed with 95.22% removal and for UF (pH) 12, (dye con.) 18 ppm, (adsorbant con.) 0.2235 gm with 91.43%. The value of R-square was 85.47%  for Date seed  and (88.77%) for UF.

In this work, the effect of ceramic coating on performance, exhaust gas temperature and gases emissions of diesel engine operated on diesel fuel and biodiesel blends was investigated. A conventional four stroke, direct injected, single cylinder, diesel engine was tested at constant speed and at different load conditions using diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. The inlet and exhaust valves, the head of piston and cylinder head of the engine were coated by ceramic materials. Ceramic layers were made of (210-240) μm of Al2O3 and (30-60) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat for inlet and exhaust valves and (350-400) μm of YSZ and (50-100) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a bond coat for head of piston and (280-320) μm of Sic and (40-80) μm of 4NiCr5Al as a b

In this paper, the time-history responses of a square plan two-story reinforced concrete prototype building, considering the elastic and inelastic behavior of the materials, were studied numerically. ABAQUS software was used in three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear dynamic analysis to predict the inelastic response of the buildings. Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) has been used to model the inelastic behavior of the reinforced concrete building under seismic excitation. The input data included geometric information, material properties, and the ground motion. The building structure was designed only for gravity load according to ACI 318 with

The present paper deals with studying the effect of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and shot blast peening parameters on work piece fatigue lives using copper and graphite electrodes. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the design of experiment (DOE) were used to plan and design the experimental work matrices for two EDM groups of experiments using kerosene dielectric alone, while the second was treated by the shot blast peening processes after EDM machining. To verify the experimental results, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to predict the EDM models for high carbon high chromium AISI D2 die steel. The work piece fatigue lives in terms of safety factors after EDM models were developed by FEM using ANSY

      Nanocrystalline ZnO/Zeolite type A composite was prepared by simple method of operation by . the precipitation of zinc oxide and loading on zeolite 5A in one step. Characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), N2  adsorption- desorption for BET surface area, and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed that zinc oxide was loaded on zeolite as noticed by the characteristic peaks and was of nano scale having an average diameter of 88.57nm. The percentage loading of ZnO on zeolite A was 28.37% and the surface area was 222m2/g. The activity of the prepared catalyst was examined in the desulfurization of double hydrogenated diesel fuel. The process was investigated in a

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection and radiation in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two horizontal concentric cylinders. The outer cylinders are of (100, 82 and70mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of 27 mm outside diameter with (or without) annular fins attached to it. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at a low temperature inside a freezer. The experiments were carried out for an annulus filled with
glass beads at a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra≤ 69), radiation

This study was carried out, to estimate some chemical components of fifteen genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) (five parents+ ten crosses) produced using half diallel crossing system implemented by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), repeated three times. The Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at 0.01 significant levels was used to compare means. The following is a summary of the study's findings:The mean squares of genotypes, GCA and SCA were highly significant for all studied traits except GCA mean squares of protein which was only significant. The cross (Avolla× Jeza) showed maximum protein and oil% reached 18.613 and 1.287% respectively, while maximum starch% was

In unpredicted industrial environment, being able to adapt quickly and effectively to the changing is key in gaining a competitive advantage in the global market. Agile manufacturing evolves new ways of running factories to react quickly and effectively to changing markets, driven by customized requirement. Agility in manufacturing can be successfully achieved via integration of information system, people, technologies, and business processes. This article presents the conceptual model of agility in three dimensions named: driving factor, enabling technologies and evaluation of agility in manufacturing system. The conceptual model was developed based on a review of the literature. Then, the paper demonstrates the agility

Owing to the energy crisis and pollution problems of today, investigations have concentrated on
decreasing fuel consumption and on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion
products by using non-petroleum, renewable, sustainable and non-polluting fuels. While conventional energy sources such as natural gas, oil and coal are non-renewable, alcohol can be coupled to renewable and sustainable energy sources.
In this study, the combustion characteristics of diesel fuel and methanol blends were compared.
The tests were performed at steady state conditions in a four-cylinder DI diesel engine at full load at
1500-rpm engine speed. The experimental results showed that diesel methanol blends provided
12.7% inc

Al-Chibayish Marsh (CM)  is considered as the major part of Central Marshes area of this marsh is 1050 Km². The water quality of these marshes is suffering from salt accumulation due to intensive dam construction, limited supply of water from sources,  climate change impacts, and the absence of outlet flow from these marshes, specifically at low flow periods. So, the current research aims to assess and improve these marshes' hydraulic behavior and water quality and define the best location for outlet drains.  Field measurements and laboratory tests were conducted for two periods (November 2020 and February 2021) to define the (TDS) concentrations at nine different locations. Samples were also examined for water's phy

In this study, the hydromorphodynamic simulation of a stretch of the Euphrates River was conducted. The stretch of the Euphrates River extended from Haditha dam to the city of Heet in Al-Anbar Governorate and it is estimated to be 124.4 km. Samples were taken from 3 sites along the banks of the river stretch using sampling equipment. The samples were taken to the laboratory for grain size analysis where the median size (D₅₀) and sediment load were determined. The hydromorphodynamic simulation was conducted using the NACY 2DH solver of the iRIC model.  The model was calibration using the Manning roughness,    sediment load, and median particle size and the validation process showed that the error between th

Single phase capacitor-run induction motors (IMs) are used in various applications such as home appliances and machine tools; they are affected by the sags or swells and any fault that can lead to disturb the supply and make it produce rms voltage below or above the rated motor voltage, which is 220V. A control system is designed to regulate the output voltage of the converter irrespective to the variation of the load and within a specific range of supply voltage variation. The steady-state equivalent circuit of the Buck-Boost chopper type AC voltage regulator, as well as the analysis of this circuit are presented in this paper. Switching device for the regulator is an IGBT Module. The proposed chopper uses pulse width modulation (PWM) c

Aims: This study was done to investigate the effect of low energy laser therapy on bone healing at the extraction site. Materials and methods:(24) male albino rats were exposed to the extraction procedure of the maxillary first molar on the first day of a seven day experiment and these animals were divided into two main groups; the control group and the laser group. The laser experiment involved using (Ga-As infrared diode laser) from optodent by directing the probe over the extraction site. The control group consisted of 4 rats, and the laser group was subdivided into 5 subgroups of 4 rats each. The laser dose was as follows: B1: a single dose of 5 minutes immediately after extraction.,

As asphalt concrete wearing course (ACWC) is the top layer in the pavement structure, the material should be able to sustain stresses caused by direct traffic loading. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of aggregate gradation and mineral filler type on Marshall Properties.  A detailed laboratory study is carried out by preparing asphalt mixtures specimens using locally available materials including asphalt binder (40-50) penetration grade, two types of aggregate gradation representing SCRB and ROAD NOTE 31 specifications and two types of  mineral filler including limestone dust and coal fly ash. Four types of mixtures were prepared and tested. The first type included SCRB specification and

This study aims to assess the accuracy of digital elevation model (DEM) created with utilization of handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and comparing with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM), version 2. It is known that the quality of the DEM is affected by both of accuracy of elevation at each pixel (absolute accuracy) and accuracy of presented morphology (relative accuracy). The University of Baghdad, Al Jadriya campus was selected as a study area to create and analysis the resulting DEM. Additionally, Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to visualize, analyses and interpolate GPS track points (elevation data) of the study area. In this

يمارس الإعلاميين مهام العمل الإعلامي في نطاق واجبات قانونية معينة تجسد بمجملها قواعد السلوك المهني التي  ينبغي على الإعلام الحقيقي التقيد بها والعمل بموجبها لان الخروج عنها أو الإتيان بعمل من شأنه خرقها يعد أمرا موجبا لقيام المسؤولية القانونية أيا كان نوعها .

وهذه الواجبات القانونية المفروضة على الإعلاميين تختلف بحسب المرجع الذي يعمل الإعلامي لحسابه فهناك واجبات قانونية مقررة على الإعلاميين العام

الإدارة المؤقتة هي تطبيق من تطبيقات فكرة الإدارة تقتضيها ظروف معينة، وهي حالات الضرورة والاستعجال، وأغلب القوانين سيما القوانين التي عقدنا المقارنة بينها (القانون المدني الفرنسي والقانون المدني المصري والقانون المدني العراقي) لم تنظم فكرة الإدارة المؤقتة بشكل دقيق، إذ لا يوجد نص تشريعي يجمع هذهِ الفكرة بشكل مترابط، إنما تبرز هذهِ الفكرة كلما دعت الحاجة إلى تعيين مدير مؤقت.

فكثيراً ما تقتضي الضرورة لل

The presence of deposition in the river decreases the river flow capability's efficiency due to the absence of maintenance along the river. In This research, a new formula to evaluate the sediment capacity in the upstream part of Al-Gharraf River will be developed. The current study reach lies in Wasit province with a distance equal to 58 km. The selected reach of the river was divided into thirteen stations. At each station, the suspended load and the bedload were collected from the river during a sampling period extended from February 2019 till July 2019. The samples were examined in the laboratory with a different set of sample tests. The formula was developed using data of ten stations, and the other three s

          Aleppo bentonite was investigated to remove ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the several factors affecting the removal process, including contact time, pH of solution, bentonite dosage, ion strength, and temperature. The optimum contact time, pH of solution and bentonite dosage were determined to be 60 minutes, 6 and 0.15 g/50 ml, respectively. The bentonite efficiency in removing CIP decreased from 89.9% to 53.21% with increasing Ionic strength from 0 to 500mM, and it increased from 89% to 96.9% when the temperature increased from 298 to 318 K. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo second-order model was the best in describing  the adsorption sys

The interactions of drug amoxicillin with maltose or galactose solutions with a variation of temperature have been discussed by taking in the volumetric and viscometric procedures. Physical properties [densities (ρ) and viscosities (η)] of amoxicillin (AMOX) aqueous solutions and aqueous solutions of two type saccharides (maltose and galactose 0.05m) have been measured at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K under atmospheric pressure. The apparent molar volume (ϕv cm3mole-1) has been evaluated from density data and fitted to a Redlich-Mayer equation. The empirical parameters of the Mayer-Redlich equation and apparent molar volume at infinite dilution Ø°v were explicated in terms of interactions from type solute-solvent and solute