Root diseases are one of the main forest nursery problems that have a significant impact on forest production which are caused by Fusarium solani. Rhizobacteria from healthy forest soils were isolated and screened in streak method to select antagonistic strains against F. solani. Two isolates showed high antagonistic activity and molecularly identified as Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The capability of the Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were tested in greenhouse plastic containers experiments against F. solani. Soil bacterization with Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. significantly protected thuja seedlings from F. solani

Early pregnancy detection is vital for properly managing livestock farms by re-inseminating nonpregnant females and minimizing the calving intervals. The present investigation was executed to compare a rapid test (Dairy Cow Pregnancy Test from Span Biotech Ltd. Shenzhen, China) with a commercial bPAG ELISA test (IDEXX®) for pregnancy diagnosis in non-descriptive cows. The study also aimed to elucidate if the rapid test could be an alternative method to ELISA in the field. Blood and urine samples were collected from 43 cows to measure the concentrations of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (bPAGs) in the blood samples and detect progesterone via the rapid test in the urine samples. Examining the genital tracts was achieve

A trial was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (Miaclost) supplement on experimentally induced hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks, a total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into three equal groups 60 chicks per group with 3 replicates (20 birds /replicate) the dietary treatments consisted of a normal ration for G1, calcium-deficient ration 5% for G2 and calcium-deficient ration with addition of probiotics in drinking water for G3.Initial signs of rickets have been observed at 35-day of age in G2.while, in G1 and G3 no clinical signs observed, the gross lesions appeared enlargement of parathyroid gland, costochondral junction and increase in the width

This study was aimed to evaluation the yield stability of twenty bread wheat genotypes that cultivated at two locations (fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences of Duhok and Zenawa district) during the 2019 - 2020 with two planting dates in each location using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the mean square for each of the environments, genotypes and their interactions were highly significant for all studied traits, and the variations due to the environments were greater than those of each of the genotypes and the interactions for most of the studied traits. The values ​​of broad sense he

This study has been carried out at the Biotechnology Lab., Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University during the growing season 2019 - 2020, in order to detect the variations of SOS, HVNHX and SDO genes in different barley genotypes.  Clear variations in the SOS, HVNHX and SDO genes, which are responsible for salinity tolerance were found among the investigated genotypes. It has been found that the variation in the amplicon size between loci per gene was very high in some cases, while there was a high degree of symmetry in other cases, and could be easily distinguished on 2% Agarose gel. The PCR results for the SOS genes (SOS1, SOS2, SOS3), HVNHX genes (HVNHX1, HVNHX2, HVNHX3) and SDO genes (Cu/Zn

This study was conducted to investigate Babesia parasites infecting sheep in eight districts of Sulaimani governorate/north Iraq from April to October 2017. Forty flocks of small ruminants were selected to collect blood samples randomly from 450 sheep. The samples were examined for babesiosis by microscopic examination and PCR. Primers based on the 18S rRNA were used for Babesia diagnosis, followed by sequencing of the amplicons for confirmation of the PCR product identities. Seventy-four samples (16.44%) showed the presence of Babesia piroplasms microscopically, while 116 (25.78%) samples were positive using PCR. Results showed that B. ovis was reported in 15.78% (n = 71), and B. motasi

Twenty one Awassi lambs (4 month old and 23.59 ± 031 kg body weight) were used to investigate the effect of different levels of protein on growth, carcass traits, body composition, digestibility and some blood parameters. The lambs were divided equally and randomly and penned individually into three treatment groups, and fed ad lib on low protein (129.1 T₁) medium protein (140.6 T₂) and high protein (151.1 T₃, g/kg DM). After 72 days of fattening, 5 lambs from each treatment were chosen randomly and slaughtered. The result showed that lambs fed on T₃ diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily gain (210.83 g), better feed efficiency (4.8 kg/kg), higher dressing percentage (51.67 %)

This study was aimed to estimate the effect of essential oil extracted from callus of Lavandula angustifolia leaves as antioxidant and cytotoxic activity (in vitro). Different concentrations of essentail oil were selected, including 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100  µg/ml in determining antioxidant activity by using Free radical 1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The results showed the efficacy of essentail oil as an antioxidant and the highest effect at 100 µg/ml reaching 97% and 87% at 80 µg/ml respectively. Different concentrations of essential  oil ( 12.5, 25, 50,75 and 100) µg/ml wer

Field experiment was carried out during the spring and fall seasons of 2019 at the Abu Ghraib Research Station of the Agricultural Research Office/ Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to investigate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on growth and yield of several sorghum varieties .Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replications was used. The main plot consists of three growth inhibitors (Cycocel, Ethiphon, and Mebiquat), which were added at stages six and eight leaf stage, in addition to the control treatment (distilled water only), the sub plot was included three culti

The present study was conducted in Sulaimani region at two different locations, Kanipanka and Qlyasan during winter season of 2019-2020 to estimate the response of forage yield and some competition indices to the effect of crop pure stands and their mixtures of barley and triticale intercropped with narbon vetch and grass pea with some different patterns. The experiment was designed according to Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications. As the average of both location the maximum green forage yield was produced by pure narbon vetch 32.610 ton ha^-1, while pure barley produce maximum dry forage yield and dry matter % reached 5.506 ton ha^-1 and 8.55% at booting stage respectively, but the crop

The estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of follicles and ovulation in chickens. The aim of this study was detect the association of estrogen receptor 2(ESR2) gene polymorphisms with the production performance of brown local Iraqi chicken. A total of 104 hens from the F4th generation of local chicken selected for high egg yield were used. The novel SNP(G40100A) transition within third prime untranslated region (3 prime UTR) of ESR2 gene. Three genotypes were found: Wild(GG), Heterozygous(GA), and Homozygous(AA) through (PCR-DAN sequencing). Chi-square analysis showed no significant  in genotypic and allelic frequencies for SNP which were agreement with Hardy-Weinberg

The study area was located in the North of Iraq. Five sites were selected that have formed from the limestone parent material. One pedon dug in each site and was divided into a number of horizons. Thirty-five soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analyses. The climate of study sites were similar to the Mediterranean Sea climate which is hot dry in summer and cool humid in winter. The mean of annual precipitation, varies from one site to another. Studied soils classified as Mollisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, and Aridisols. Study soils were relatively high clay content and its content at the surface horizons is lower than it at subsurface horizons, and soil texture was ranged between clayey to loamy, the high value

Determination of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in lab is cumbersome, time consuming, and costly. Accordingly, this article attempted to formulate pedotransfer functions for predicting it using some soil physical and chemical properties e.g., sand (SA), silt (SI), clay (CL), organic matter (OM) and calcium carbonate (CC). This research included four steps: preparing soil database; selecting independent variables which are related to CEC value; formulating models using NCSS 12.0.2 software, and the last step is to achieve specific objective of the research which is the comparsion among models by a series of efficiency criteria: root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (EF), average absolute p

This study was aimed to detect  Entamoeba spp. in domestic dogs by using the microscopic method and PCR. The study includes collection of 100 fecal samples by visiting a small animal private clinics in Baghdad, at the period from January 2019 to February 2020.  The microscopical results showed the rate of infection at Entamoeba spp. was (15%).  Show a higher infection rate in females (15.55%)) than in males (14.54%)without significant difference (P.0>0.05). The Prevalence of Entamoeba related to age was (22%), (6%) in young and adult age respectively. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate of  Entamoeba  in dogs fecal showed 15% . Ten positive PCR pr

The goal of the current work was to use Nigella sativa seeds' free and immobilised peroxidase to degrade textile dyes that pollute the environment and water. The enzyme was extracted for 15 minutes using a 1:20 (w:v) ratio, sodium acetate buffer at 0.2 M, and pH 5.0 after the optimal conditions for extracting the enzyme from Nigella seeds were determined. This yielded the highest specific activity of the enzyme, 1750 units/mg protein. The enzyme was purified in two stages: sucrose concentration and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. With a 35% enzyme yield, the findings demonstrated a 2,8-fold increase in final purification folds. The entrapment method with Ca alginate was used to immobilise peroxidase, and the immobilisation ratio w

The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in some Iraqi hospitals and determine the most powerful methods for identification of MRSA, in order to achieve the, 278 samples were collected from different hospitals in Iraq in various intervals, 204 out of 287 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by conventional cultural methods and microscopic characteristics and 177 isolates are identified as MRSA by using HiCrome MeReSa Agar Base medium, but 154 of 177 (87%) isolates are methicillin resistance in sensitivity test. MRSA isolates were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and considered multidrug resistant (MDR) in percent of (94.9%). Touchdown PCR used to identify the isolates,

This experiment was aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of adding natural extracts (clove, Mentha and thyme) with synthetic BHT on some physiochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of lamb patties stored at 4 Cº for 12 days. Results indicated that there’s a steady rise (P<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial and pH with the increasing time of storage. Also, a significant (P<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial and pH was observed in patties treated with clove, thyme, mentha and BHT as compared with untreated samples. It was found that adding natural extracts is more effective in inhibiting microbial count than did BHT. The highest score of overall acceptability was n

Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the

 A Restricted Selection Index was constructed to genetically evaluate animals using a dataset composed of body weights of Shami kids at the ages of birth, weaning, and 6-month. The variance-covariance matrix (VCV) was generated and used to estimate genetic parameters for the index construction after adjusting the fixed effects; year, birth month, kid sex, type (single, twin or triplet) of birth, doe age, weights at kidding (KW), birth (BWT) and weaning (WWT) as covariates. General Linear Model and Restricted Maximum Likelihood methods were used to estimate BLUE for fixed effects and variance components for random effects, respectively. BW was 3.6

This work was conducted to study the association of variations in the VLDLR gene and mRNA expression in the liver and the ovary of local Iraqi hens with some productive and blood traits. The VLDLR gene variations were studied using blood samples of 173 pedigreed hens, 47 weeks old while the expression was studied using tissue samples of the ovary and liver in 30 pedigreed hens, 60 weeks old. Genotypic and allelic frequencies, production traits, and biochemical serum blood were investigated. The results showed that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the VLDLR in 173 chickens did not agree with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.0307). The genotypic frequencies were 94.7 and 5.3% for both GG and GT genotypes respectively, whi

This study was aimed to identify the histological and histochemical composition of the Ileum in the Slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei). It was using histological stains and histological chemical techniques. The results showed that the Ileum was relatively long, so it characterized into two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The results showed that the mucous layer in the two parts consisted of villi that appeared conical in the anterior region and conical to a triangle in the posterior part, and the villi were more numerous and longer in the anterior part. The villi covered with a simple columnar epithelial tissue containing goblet cells in the two regions, but the goblet cells were significantly more

This research was aimed to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin type A in (82) Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different sources(Pathogenic, Soil, Food, Tape water& Nasal swabs from Normal source), the results had shown the capacity of (58) isolates (70.73%) to produce the enterotoxin by using culture method (in solid and liquid medium), concerning the liquid medium, the results conducted that there was a significant differences at P£ 0.05,  among bacterial isolates in the amount of produced enterotoxin in terms of optical density. By using serological ELISA  specific kit, the results had confirmed the ability of (47) bacterial isolates(57.32%)  to produce en

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen protected lysine on milk production, composition and some blood and rumen parameters. Nine local ewes were assigned into three groups (3 ewes for each) and were allocated into 3x3 Latin-square design. The first group (control) was fed concentrate diet. The second group (F-LYF) was fed the control diet and supplemented with free lysin (3g/ewe/day). The third group (P-LYS) was fed the control diet and supplemented with rumen protected lysine (3g/ewe/day). The ewes were offered 1000 g/ewe/day of concentrate and wheat straw ad libitum in addition to grazing for 6 hr per day.  Results revealed that ewes supplemented with P-LYS and F-LYS had a non-signific

The aim of the current study is to compare total lipid profile of Cyprinus carpio reared in earthen ponds and wild fish (river). A total of 80 fish samples were collected from these  locations for the period from November-December 2020 and divided into three weight groups ( W1 , less than 500 g ;W2, 500-1000g  and W3 , more than 1000g). Results of present study showed that the total cholesterol content ranged between 17.69-21.63mg\100g in W3 and W1 respectively in river fish, while in pond fish ranged between 22.08-23.59mg\g in W2 and W3 respectively. High density lipoprotein in river fish ranged between 5.84-12.21mg\g in W3 and W1 respectively, in pond fish ranged between 11.18-12.92mg\g in W2

The current study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the synbiotic of eukaryotic and prokaryotic probiotics on the average weights of experimental animals (male rats) per week, the weights of the fed they consume, their activity and their health status daily by dosing each group with a probiotics and synbiotic except for the two control groups (positive and negative) were used. The results showed  a decrease in the weights of experimental animals that were dosed with probiotics L.GG, S.boul., L.GG+ S.boul. and the synbiotic (L.GG+ S.bou.l+Psy) even though they were

This study was conducted to show the effect of cows' manure, date palm residues, sand fraction and the interactions between them in treating the common cracking phenomenon in some soils of    holy karbala governorate, and their role in improving some of the physical characteristics of those soils, represented in soil aggregates stability, modules of rupture, and linear expansion coefficient.Two agricultural sites were selected whose soils are characterized by heavy clay textures and widespread of cracking phenomenon within the holy Karbala governorate, the first was in Al-Kamaliya area and the second in Al-Khairat area. The results, showed a decrease in number of cracked masses, and their sizes in both studied soil

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of surface sprinkler and drip irrigation systems using a model AquaCrop, irrigation intervals, bio-organic fertilizers and polymers in desert soils. Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 at Karbala governorate. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experiment was desi

This study was conducted at Abi – Jarash farm, Damascus, Syria, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons. The aim of this study was comparing the effect of three different cultivation techniques of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which were soilless cultivation, within the nutrient film technique (NFT), and the technique of cultivation in substrates (mixture of peat moss- perlite), in addition to cultivation in soil. An increasing in the vegetative growth measurements was recorded with​​ cultivation  saffron in the soil, compared to the cultivation without soil, within the nutrient film technology (hydroponics) ,and the technology of cultivation in the substrates (peat moss

This study was conducted at the animal production department, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences , University of Duhok, in order to investigate the effect of ration replacement with ferula on productive performance and some physiological parameters of quail. Three hundred sixty day old quail birds were divided into four groups with three replicates , group (30 birds  replicate, the groups were treated from the age of 7days till the age of 42days as follows: T1(control): Reread on standard ration, T2: Reread on standard ration replaced with 10% ferula, T3: Reread on standard ration replaced with 15% ferula, T4: Reread on standard ration replaced with 20% ferula. The results revealed significant incre

This research was carried out to compare the productivity performance of three lines of local quail. The results showed a significant superiority in the daily gain weight (3.76 g/day/quail) and marketing weight (167.2 g/quail) for brown quail over other colors. Also, significant differences were found in the dressing ratio between males (67.8%) and females (65.76%). As for the egg production of quail, it was found a significant superiority of the desert quail over the other colors in the number of eggs produced, the average egg weight (9.73 g/ egg) and the HDEP (78.6 %) with the best feed convers