Febuxostat (FEB) is a potent, non-purine-selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase used to manage gout. Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. According to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), FEB was classified under class II drugs. The low dissolution rate of the drug determines its bioavailability at approximately 49%. Drug nanosizing, such as Nanosuspensions (NS), represents an exciting and potentially beneficial method to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. This study aimed to prepare and characterize FEB NS to increase the dissolution rate, which can enhance its oral bioavailability. Using solvent/anti-so

Obesity by multiple mechanisms can contribute not only to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but also by further worsening the patient’s condition. One of these mechanisms may include the disturbances of neuropeptide Y (NPY) serum level which is one of the most powerful orexigenic peptides, that’s produced in large amounts in the hypothalamus, as well as in peripheral adipose tissue. The present study aimed to assess the impact of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients on serum neuropeptide-Y level and its impact on fasting serum glucose and insulin levels. Eighty-seven T2DM patients attending the clinic of The National Center of Diabetes Treatment & Research/Baghdad, were included in this study, had been categorized

Rheumatoid arthritis is a lifelong autoimmune arthritic disorder that mostly impacts the small joints, although it can also affect the larger joints. Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal IgG antibody that specifically targets tumor necrosis factor, a crucial material associated with pathogenic processes. Remicade is an original medication of infliximab. Monitoring the trough level is essential for managing disease activity, while C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) are utilized to detect inflammation and anticipate the drug's effectiveness. The study was designed to assess the impact of Remicade trough level on both disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers. A cross-sectional, observational research was ca

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of proteins that responsible of the hydrolysis of N-acetyl lysine residues in histones as well as non-histone protein substrates. This phenomenon may provide an explanation for the involvement of these enzymes in a wide range of clinical situations, encompassing cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular problems, and neurological diseases. Most of HDAC inhibitors are often used in clinical settings consist of a hydroxamate group (ZBG) that binds to zinc ion inside the active site. The poor selectivity and pharmacokinetic characteristics of numerous medicines belonging to the hydroxamates group have prompted the exploration of non-hydroximic ZBG HDAC inhibitors with a potential selectivity and potency prof

Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, two common metabolic disorders associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the main causes of metabolic abnormalities that result in a wide range of complications, such as cardiac dysfunction, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Substance-P is an 11-amino acid neuropeptide that is highly conserved and secreted by sensory nerve endings as well as different types of non-neural cells. It was believed that substance P would reduce inflammation triggered on by diabetes, interrupting the development of complications associated with this disease. The current study aims to investigate whether serum levels of substance P are associated with glycemic measures &/or lipids profile in patients with type

In this paper we obtained Fourier transformation hologram that it has relatively
high efficiency by using Personal Computer, laser printer, transparence paper
without need to use the conventional photography process. Matlab program used to
obtain hologram. Optical and Computerized reconstruction process was done on it.
The results show this method is promising it is important to present it to researchers
and students that they are working in all optics laboratories.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) belongs to the initial taxane category and is employed for treating diverse types of cancers, including ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. Paclitaxel is associated with the highest prevalence of peripheral neuropathy. The detection of PIPN may necessitate a reduction in dosage or discontinuation of treatment, which can have consequences for cancer care. Activation of AT2R has shown neuroprotective effects in different rodent models. this study aims to assess the potential impact of candesartan in mitigating the deleterious effect on human neuron cells. The methods involved in Immunocytochemistry to characterize the neuron cells depend on the expression of the B tubulin III protein. WST-8 test was used on human neuron c

A variational-perturbation approach is invoked to study the effect of the
environment potential around Fluoride ion on some important electronic properties.
The dipole polarisability α, oscillator strength S(-٢) and S (-١) and magnetic
susceptibility χ are theoretically estimated for Fluoride ion in different potentials.
Also we calculate these electronic properties in many Fluoride structure crystals
such as CdF٢, CaF٢, PbF٢, SrF٢ BaF٢, and LiF.

Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is a selective angiotensin II antagonist that effectively lowers blood pressure. It has a poor rate of absorption when taken orally, a maximum bioavailability of about 26%, and limited solubility in water. OLM is therefore categorized as class II in the Biopharmaceuticals Classification System (BCS), suggesting that it has high permeability and low solubility. By generating nanomicelles, this work attempts to increase the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of OLM. Mixed polymeric nanomicelles made up of soluplus (SLP) with tween 80 (TWN80) and SLP with d-α tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), had been prepared in different gravimetric ratios. The nanomicelles holding OLM were developed us

This research carried out to estimate mobility three herbicides (Basta
٢٠%, Weedoff ٤٨%, Carbyne ١٢.٥%) it might be reach on water table and
polluted it. We definite the mobility by hydraulic conductivity it depends on
liquid and soil feature.
The samples collected from two locations Kefel was first one sandy soil
belonged to Orthids group and second one was Mishkab clay soil belonged
to Torrifluvents group. Soil columns had been prepared by three replicates to
each one. So the H.CO determinated with constant head method to sandy
soil and variable hydraulic gradient to clay soil. The H.CO measures made
by two stages: ١-First stage treatments (٣ soil herbicides vs control)
٢- Sec

The isatin molecule is present in many natural substances, like plants and animals, and it is utilized to prepare compounds with various biological activities. A series of Schiff and Mannich bases derived from isatin were synthesized in this research. First, acetylenic Mannich bases (IIa-e) were prepared by a reaction of isatin with propargyl bromide and different secondary amines (morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, dimethylamine, and diphenylamine) separately, and cuprous chloride (CuCl) was used as a catalyst. Second, these Mannich bases were treated with 2-aminothiazole to obtain the desired final compounds (AM1-AM5). The synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectral (FT-IR

Abstract

Olanzapine (OLZ) is classified a typical antipsychotic drug, which utilized for treatment of schizophrenia. It possesses poor water solubility and high membrane permeability, so, OLZ classified as class II according to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS). Its oral bioavailability is (60%) due to poor solubility and extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. Hence, the objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the nanoparticles of OLZ for transdermal delivery. Nanoprecipitation method was employed to formulate the nanoparticles, where methanol utilized to dissolve the drug and form organic phase, which was added to an aqueous phase that consist of deionized water and stabilizer at speed

تم في هذا البحث تصميم وبناء منظومة فحوصات لااتلافية
عيوب المعادن الداخلية او الخارجية ، يستند مبدأ عمل هذه المنظومة على الاستفادة من قابلية الاخت ا رق
لهذه الاشعة من قبل (Attenuation) للاشعة النووية المنبعثة من المصادر المشعة وخاصية التوهين
المعادن .
مع (shield) تتكون المنظومة من مصدر للاشعة وهو عبارة عن احد النظائر المشعة يتم وضعه بدرع خاص
(metal rod) نظام تبئير وكاشف، تؤخذ القطعة الم ا رد فحصها والتي غالباً

Pharmaceutical companies assign a budget for activities and promotions that aim to change the prescription habits of the physicians to choose the most suitable medications for their patients, which will eventually grow their sales.

The study's objectives were to explore physicians' and medical representatives' perspectives on the criteria of impactful professional PP and the factors influencing the interaction between physicians and medical representatives.

Qualitative in-depth interviews with flexible probing techniques were carried out in 2023. A semi-structured, open-ended interview questionnaire was used to interview physicians and medical representatives (MRs) from different private clinics in several

The plant known as Portulaca grandiflora L belongs to the family of flowering plants known as (Portulacaceae). It is a resilient plant that grows well in harsh environments and serves as a traditional remedy in various nations. Eleven O'clock, Moss-rose, Sunplant, gaddi roja, and Neelakeera are just a few of the popular names that are used to refer to this plant across the globe. The primary concern of the present investigation was establishing the presence of lupeol as a new metabolite in the Iraqi Portulaca grandiflora plant, which is triterpenes, have shown significant efficacy as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, cholesterol-lowering, wound healing, and antidiabetic agents. One hundred grams of the ent

In this paper we prove some theorems, the first states: If R is an almost
Noetherian domain, then the following statements are equivalent: ١- R is an almost
Dedekind domain.
٢- A(B∩C)= AB∩AC, for all ideals A, B and C of R. ٣- (A+B)(A∩B)= AB, for all
ideals A and B of R and the second states: If R is an almost Noetherian domain
which is not a field, then the following statements are equivalent: ١- R is a valuation
domain. ٢- The nonunits of R form a nonzero principal ideal of R. ٣- R is integrally
closed and has exactly one nonzero proper prime ideal. In addition to the above
some other results are proved.

      Recently, targeted medication delivery applications have effectively used self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, poloxamer 407 and silk sericin protein were mixed in various proportions in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to create nine formulas of self-assembled nanostructures that could transport the hydrophobic anticancer medication paclitaxel (PTX). The produced NPs were then examined to determine their size distribution, percent of entrapment efficiency (EE%), morphology, compatibility and in vitro drug release studies. The selected formula was spherical and had a particle size (145 nm), a PDI of (0.25). and EE% of 82. The FT-IR data show that PTX and excipients are compatible, and the in

Let R be a commutative ring with ١, and let Aut(R) denote the group of ring
automorphisms of R. We will usually consider a group G⊆ Aut(R).
In this paper we will study the relation between G- invariant ideals and their traces.
Also we study C.P modules and C.F modules.

The synergistic effect of the bergenin compound, derived from the Crassula ovata plant, and the docetaxel drug in vitro cell line was assessed in this study. The bergenin compound was extracted using a Soxhlet device and 85% ethanol, then was identified and isolated using a high-performance liquid chromatograph. Docetaxel is regarded as a potent chemotherapy treatment that was licensed in 1996 to treat a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer, by preventing microtubular depolymerization and reducing the impact of bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression. It is considered one of the most effective chemotherapy treatment for prostatic cancer. However, it has adverse effects, including febrile neutropenia or myelosuppressio

The rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of single crystal silicon solar cell using the
radiation from a halogen lamp has been demonstrated. The electrical properties
under dark and illumination conditions followed by RTA are presented. The
maximum conversion efficiency and filling factor obtained after ٦٠٠oC/٢٠S RTA
were ١٣% and ٠.٧ respectively

Targeting histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) is an effective way to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. A number of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been clinically used. Most of the clinically used HDACi are pan-inhibitors and have poor pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, several attempts are ongoing to develop new HDACis with optimum structural features to overcome the structural limitations. In this work, six new triazole-based compounds (k1-k6) were proposed via special modification of common pharmacophores of HDACi using 1,2,4-triazole as a zinc-binding group (ZBG), diverse group in CAP group, and hydrophobic linker. These compounds were analyzed by docking study

In this paper the effect of light exposure duration on Anthracene solution in
chloroform is studied. It is found that: the Anthracene solution change its color when
it is exposed to light, and that its relative quantum efficiency, Φ, decreases as the
light exposure duration, t, increases and this govern by following empirical
equation:-

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant benefits to biomedical research and academic writing. Nevertheless, using AI-powered writing aid tools has prompted worries about excessive dependence on these tools and their possible influence on writing proficiency. The current study aimed to explore the academic staff’s perspectives on the impact of AI on academic writing.

This qualitative study incorporated in-person interviews with academic faculty members. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner, using a predetermined interview guide consisting of open-ended questions. The interviews were done in person with the participants from May to November 2023. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Te

Eight food materials were used. They affected differently the biology of this
beetle. Females laid highest number of eggs when fed on raw wool (٤٥ eggs), then
on goats hair (٤٠.٤ eggs) lowest number of eggs (١٧.٢) when fed on natural silk, and
(١٨ eggs) on sheep hide.
Larval duration was shortest on raw wool (٧٨.٤ days), then goats hair (٨٤.٨ days)
and camels hair (٩١.٨ days). It was largest on human hair (١٧٦ days) and natural silk
(١٧٣ days). Larval mortality was lowest on goat’s hair (١%) then on raw wool (٤%)
and highest on natural silk (١٦%) and human hair (١٢%). Other material lies between them. These materials affected variably pupal duration, adult emergence.

                 Lercanidipine HCl, a third-generation calcium channel blocker, blocks calcium entry into smooth muscle L-type calcium channels. This action leads to a decrease in blood pressure and induces peripheral vasodilation. Lercanidipine HCl belongs to the Biopharmaceutical classification system class II category of drugs. It is practically insoluble in water and has high solubility in methanol. The oral bioavailability of lercanidipine HCl is 10%, and irregular absorption due to its poor solubility and significant first-pass metabolism. This study aimed to produce and evaluate the nanosuspension of lercanidipine HCl with improved solubility and dissolution rates. The research used the solvent/antisolvent precipit

Pollen of Phlomis spp. grown wildly in Iraq has been investigated for the first
time, as a part of comparative study for the species of this genus.
Description of these pollen were important in diagnosis of this spp., the study
showed that pollen were isopolar and a single pollen is tricolpate, with reticulate
surface, and spherical -subspherical, in polar view, and almost ellipsoid to shortly
ellipsoid in equatorial view, but it was spherical in P. oliveri Bth.;
The longest axis of the pollen is ٤٨ um, thus all the species included in present study
were of medium size. Pollen of P.oliveri was the smallest in size, while pollen of
P.rigida Labill was the biggest.
There is a table for result,

To estimate the prevalence of the thalassemia genes in Mosul city, a study was
carried out on ٣٧٥ persons randomly selected, from people attending three major
hospitals in the city.
A reduced mean cell volume (MCV) below ٨٠ fl was used as screening test for
thalassemia genes (e.g. hemoglobin, Hb. Electrophoresis, and finally blood Iron
content).
A total of ٣٣ cases (٨.٨%) were found carrying thalassemia genes. From the above
cases, ٢٥ cases (٦.٧%) were beta-thalassemia trait ٨ cases (٢.١%) were alphathalassemia.

Self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion is a new formulation that combines the advantages of solid dispersion and nanomicelles strategies to increase drug oral bioavailability. The strategy involves utilizing a suitable carrier to create a solid dispersion that self-assembles into nanomicelles when it comes into contact with gastrointestinal fluids. Rebaudioside A is a steviol glycoside that has been reported to possess nano carrier-like characteristics by being self-assembled into nanomicelles in aqueous solutions. Canagliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor approved for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Its oral administration is associated with variable and poor absorption, owing primarily to insolubility in

Acemetacin (ACM) is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is an indomethacin glycolic ester that is transformed into indomethacin in vivo. The analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the ACM are attributed to its prostaglandin inhibitory action. Acemetacin belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drugs, which are characterized by having high permeability but poor aqueous solubility. The purpose of this study was to develop acemetacin nanoparticles (ACM NPs) for enhanced solubility and rate of dissolution. The solvent-anti-solvent approach was used to formulate the nanoparticles. Two stabilizers were used to prepare ACM NPs (sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and Solu