This study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Prodigiosin pigment which in turn produced from particular environmental bacteria isolates Serratiamarcescensas a stabilizing and reducing agent. Additionally, the synthesis conditions were precisely taken into consideration as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C alongside a concentration of prodigiosin of 12 mg/ml with 5mg precursor of zinc acetate in deionized distilled water (DDW) 50ml. Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles have presented many applications such as catalysis, biosensing, anticancer, and biomedical, etc. The optimum condition for ZnO biosynthesis was characterized through several techniques such as UV-

The objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms of three loci (SEMA3E, GH and TLX) that related with growth traits in local quail. A total of 720 birds (males and females) from three lines (desert, brown and white) were used. The results revealed that the effects of the line were significant on bird body weight and carcass weight and dressing percentage at 180 days at age. The Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) value overall birds for body weight was ranged from -9.2173 to 10.0117, these results showed there were significant differences among high and low BLUP value groups in three quail lines under study. The PCR-RF

This study was conducted at the poultry farm Animal Production Department, Abu Ghraib , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during theperiod from 10/31/2020 to 12/11/2020. to study the effect of adding two different levels of artichoke  leaves extracts powder to the diet and for different periods  to rations on the productive performance of broiler chickens.One hundred thirty five unsexedcommercial hybrid broiler chicks (Ross 308), oneday old, 42.47 g/  its initial body weightwere used in this experiment, The birds were randomly distributed among three treatments, each treatment contained 45 birds, with three replicates, and each replicate contained 15 birds. The chicks of the first

The objective of this study was to investigate association between FecG^H-GDF-9 gene polymorphism and litter size in Hamdani fat-tailed sheep. The genomic DNA was extracted from eighty-seven blood samples of Hamdani ewes. The FecG^H-GDF-9 locus was detected by PCRs, and identified DNA genotyped by DNA sequencing. The evaluate several parameters included fertility (%), conception (%), letter size at birth, twining rate (%), triple rate (%), barrenness (%) and productivity (%) were measured and arrived 91.95, 95.40, 1.825, 150, 11.25, 8.05 and 159.77, respectively. The blast tree view results in NCBI blast show Hamdani sheep is more closely to Norway white face sheep, Han sheep and Pelibuey Sheep breeds which ha

A simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for making green nanoparticles has been developed. The current study examines the use of M. communis leaves extract in the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The color change and UV-visible spectrophotometer, which showed a distinct peak at 481nm, confirmed the formation of these particles. Different techniques were used to characterize copper nanoparticles. The influential functional groups that can bio-reduce the copper ion Cu²⁺ were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The crystal structure of copper nanoparticles was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), as evidenced by the peaks at 2θ values of 43.35

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of eta, etb and etd genes among clinical isolates of S. aureus. 91 isolates of the bacterium were isolated from different clinical sites during the period from 2019 to 2020 from Baghdad hospitals, all the isolates were diagnosed by different biochemical tests and molecular method (PCR) using nuc gene. the PCR technique was used to detect eta, etb and etd genes among the isolates, the results showed that  91(100%) of the isolates were have nuc gene. while, 83 ( 91.2%) of the isolates at least carrying one of the ET genes; 20 (22%) , 0 (0%) and 63 (69.2%) of the 91 isolates expressed et

Guar gum galactomannan is a common polysaccharide isolated from the legume plants Cyamopsis tetraganoloba. Guar gum derivatives are widely used in many industrial fields. In this work, a method for obtaining a new derivative of guar gum, galactomannan butyl ether, is considered. The introduction of the butyl group into the structure of galactomannan was proved by IR spectroscopy, by the appearance of absorption bands in the regions corresponding to the vibrations of the –C – O – C–, CH₂ and CH₃ groups. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was shown that in the process of obtaining butyl ether of galactomannan, the structure is amorphous. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy, the p

This study was aimed to estimate the domestic demand function on tea imports in Iraq using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) for co-integration during the period 1990-2020.The data are verified for stationary by using unit root tests basis on Augmented Dickey - Fuller Test. The existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among tea import quantity, current prices of tea and coffee buying, gross national income, and number of buyers is proved using bounds test method to co-integration. Results of estimating short and long-run models of the demand of tea imports by using the unrestricted error correction approach showed that the error correction parameter is adjusted annually by 140%. Results of estimating price e

The study was aimed to evaluate the marketing efficiency of dry Onion crop in Salah al-Deen, as estimate the impact of some quality and quantity factors in the efficiency of marketing process of crop using Tobit regression model. The average marketing efficiency of the research sample was 71.3686%. The marketing margins differed according to the marketing channel followed in marketing the crop. The qualitative and quantitative variables in the model are productivity, family size, distance from the market, educational level. The estimated model revealed that a variable productivity is the most important and influential in marketing efficiency, followed by the variable of the distance between the farm and the market, then the varia

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of earthworms after their decomposition on yeast growth. To achieve this objective, in vitro crude soluble extracts were prepared from two earthworms lots: freshly harvested from the field “FHE” and the other previously starved for one week “SE”. The dry residues of these two crude extracts were used at different concentrations as a solid media for the growth of two yeast species: one “Candida tropicalis” got from another laboratory and the other was isolated by our team from earthworms’ casts “Filobasidium uniguttulatum”, and their growth was evaluated by colonies counting. The results obtained, compared with the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (

This experiment was implemented in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences fields in Bakrajo-Sulaymaniyah in two consecutive cropping seasons, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Two seeding rates were applied with three seeding methods, seed drill, conventional scattering pattern by centrifugal seeds spreader, and an un familiar pattern in the region, which is the overlapping pattern of grain spreading lines by the distributor. the coefficient of variance (% CV) for seeds had the best value in comparison to overlap spreading, which in turn was better than conventional scattering was 1.1, 8.2 and 47.2 for seed rate of 200 kg ha^-1 and 1.7, 7.6, and 44.8 for seed rate of 160 kg ha^-1 respectively. The seeding rat

This study was aimed to investigate effect of wheat cultivates  to herbicides. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department at the College of Agricultural , University of Tikrit during winter season 2017-2018. Factorial Experiment within  Randomized Complete  Block design with  three replicates were used . This  experiment contains two variables first was used the herbicide (Atlantis, Pallas, Chevalier)  and control. The second variable includes four cultivates (Al-Hashimiyah, Al-Baraka, Nor, and Door 29). The results Al-Baraka revealed that the highest plant height (75.91 cm), number of spikes (372.67 m²) and the number of shoots m² (35

Four durum wheat genotypes exotic from ICARDA and local variety were sown in agricultural season of 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The result of the combined analysis of variance exhibited that the mean square of environments, genotypes and to evaluate their stability for genotypes x environment interaction (G X E) were significant for all traits, suggesting differential response of genotypes due to environment. When by partitioning G X E interaction in to the linear and non-linear (pooled deviation) components, that differences between environments (environment linear) were highly significant for all traits. For the GXE interaction linear, the results i

The research was conducted during 2018-2019 growing season to study the growth and yield of various wheat cultivars under various methods of fertilizers application including bio-fertilizer under rainfed conditions of two different isohyets conditions. Randomized complete block design was applied with four replications. Potential grain yield is highly affected by the number of reproductive tillers; differences in final grain yield were highly and positively correlated to the number of tillers (r= 0.54**) and above ground biomass (r= 0.68**). The grain yield was about three times higher in Rikava location (3.19/1.01 t.ha^-1). Both of Cihan and Adana99 wheat significantly produced higher grain yield (2.44 and 2.43 t.ha

This study was aimed to identify and confirm of E.coli isolated from arthritis in chickens. Samples for the isolation of the bacteria were taken from broiler chickens with arthritis symptoms (swelling hock joint), and then examined by culturing, VITEK test as well as molecular assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolate was done. The results showed pink colour colonies on MacConkey agar. The VITEK system was used to identify those colonies. The results revealed that the isolate gave 97 % parallel to those fe

This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L^-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L^-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L^-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interaction on carrot vegetative, qua

This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L^-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L^-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L^-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interactions on carrot plant minerals

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of Dimethylsulfate (DMS) 0%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% under four levels of salinity including 0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol NaCl L^-1 on some biochemistry characters such as proline, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll. All treatments were distributed according to the factorial experiment using complete ro(CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 0.03% of DMS gave the highest proline of 2.08 mg g^-1, H₂O₂ of 0.64 µM 100mg^-1<

A field study was conducted on 2 hectare area at Al- Rashid district, south of Baghdad to analyze the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), initial infiltration rate (IR), Porosity (F) and bulk density (BD). Based on measured BD values Rosetta software was used in this study to estimate water retention parameters, water content at θ₃₃ and θ₁₅₀₀ kPa and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 33 kPa(k₃₃), 100 kPa(k₁₀₀) and  1500 kPa(k₁₅₀₀) according to Van Genuchten-Mualem model.  Measured and predicted data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically and, the result

The present study carried out to comparative between usage of killed vaccine of Escherichia coli with aromatic oils or alone against infection of broiler with pathogenic E.coli for this purpose two hundred broiler chicks were collected and randomly divided into four groups. Each group contained fifty chicks, food and drink for all groups ad libitium. The experimental groups were treated as follows: G1 vaccinated with the killed E. coli vaccine through subcutaneous injection dose 0.5 ml (3×10⁷ CFU/ml )in day five old and received Digestarom^® P.E.P sol. in drinking water 6 ml/100L from one day old until end of trial. G2 vaccinated with killed E. coli only

This study  was aimed recording the prevalence rates of the Cryptosporidium spp. and identify its species in buffalo at Babylon province by using microscopic (flotation and staining) and molecular technique to examined (100) buffalo fecal samples collected randomly from different sexes, ages, and regions, during the period from the beginning of October 2019, to end of March 2020. The percentage of infection with the Cryptosporidiosis was 40% by using the microscopic method, while, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) technique showed the infection rate was 61%, and according to age groups, recorded higher infection 77.5% at (≤6) months age group, followed by age group (>6 -1

The experiment was conducted during 1/4/2020-7/31/2020 to study the effect of adding high levels of nano-zinc oxide with the diet to induce force molting in laying hens by measuring some productivite traits. Eighty laying hens, 69 weeks old were used, randomly divided into four treatments, five replicates for each treatment using CRD.  Experimental treatments were: first treatment (T1), second treatment (T2), third treatment (T3) and fourth treatment (T4), which means control treatment without molting, adding 10, 15, and 20 gm of nano-zinc oxide / kg feed respectively. Results showed significant decreases (P<0.01) in egg production and almost ceased  in the 2nd and 3rd week after start molting. Egg production increas

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of each of olive leaf extract (OLE) and thyme leaf extract (TLE) and their combination in some physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristic of lamb patties stored either at 4c° for 12 days or at -18c° for 120 days. Results revealed that there are a steady rise (p<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial count and free fatty acid in control and treated samples with increasing time in both storage periods. Also, a significant (p<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial count and free fatty acid was observed in samples treated with OLE, TLE and their combination. Moreover, it was found that addition of 1% OLE and 1% OLE +0.05%TLE are more effe

There is growing interest among farmers to locally produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread making and meet the demand of local artisanal bakers in Kentucky. The warm and humid weather in southeast region is ideal for soft red winter wheat (SRW) production which characterized by low protein content. The technique of splitting nitrogen (N) fertilization according to the growth stages has been suggested to improve protein content and its composition. This study evaluated the effect of split N application on yield and baking quality traits of two SRW wheat cultivars grown in the eastern U.S. region in conventional and organic cropping systems. One landrace (Purple Straw) and one modern cultivar (Pembro

The main aim of this study is to highlight how the Alana River Basin (ARB) will meet future water needs and optimal monthly water distribution policies. The Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model was applied in order to determine the ARB and the operation plan policy using data for the past 16 years (2000-2015). The model result determined that the current regulations and practices regarding water use and pollution patterns are inadequate. An ideal scheme has been developed and implemented for various scenarios such as domestic water needs, irrigation water, and tourism. Four scenarios have been considered in this study, which are basic scenarios, a higher population growth scenario, a severe flow requirements scenario

A field experiment was carried out at the field with clay loam soil in the winter seasons of 2018 - 2019 and 2019 - 2020 in order to study the effect of three levels of salt stress on yield and its components for four cultivars of barley (Hordeum valgare L.(. which be approved in Iraq.Factorial experiment with in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. The treatments included three levels of irrigation water salinity (5,10,15) ds.m^-1 and four cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 265, Samir, and Amal). The results showed that the salinity of the irrigation water caused a significant decreases of the number of spikes.m^-2, number of grains. spike

This study was aimed to investigat the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic on the egg production, suitable egg, unsuitable egg and uniformity reread at deferent stock density. A total of 600 broiler breeder Ross 308 (540 female and 60 male) was used in this study for a period of 48 -64 weeks at two levels of stocking density (normal and high stock density). For each stock density birds were fed diet either control diet (T1), standard diet + 0.15g probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces cervisiae) powder/ kg diet (

Twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that overall means of daily gain in weight, dressing percentage based on slaughter and empty body weight, rib eye area and fat thickness were 0.261±0.014kg, 45.956±0.428%, 53.933±0.678%, 11.288±0.488cm² and 2.023±0.76mm, respectiv

This study was designed for the molecular diagnosis and assessment of histopathological changes of ORF infection in sheep and goats in Basra governorate in Iraq. The virus was detected by using -polymerase chain reaction. The samples were taken from the skin of the lips of animals infected with contiguous ecthema. Hundred samples taken from the sheep and 100 samples from goats of suspected animals, the results of the molecular diagnosis showed that 76 (76%) of sheep were infected and 71 (71%) of goats were infected by diagnosing the partial of ORFV037 gene (173bp), and ORFV039 (703bp), the sequences were determined and recorded in the NCBI and drawn the phylogenetic tree. The results of histopat

The present study was conducted at the nursery of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences; University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, during growing season (2020) to evaluate the effects of foliar sprays of three concentrations of aminoplasmal (0, 50 and 100 ml.L^-1), concentrations of humic acid (0, 100 and 200 ml.L^-1) and boron (0, 50 and 100 mg.L^-1) on vegetative growth and nutritional status of one year old almond seedling (Prunus amygdalus). The factorial experiment within randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Foliar spraying applied at two times. First spray was carried out on 25^th of April and the oth