Two hundred and fifty (250) samples from both diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in both sex male and female multi breeds ( German shepherd and malinois ) in Academy for training police and military dogs for searching about drugs , explosives ,local dogs and pet dogs from different clinical cases in Baghdad city were tested. All samples are obtained in aseptically rectal swabs and transporting to the microbiology lab, for culturing and identification for salmonella species. The study gave 16 (6.4%) positive Salmonella. Virulent gene study gave us 16(6.4%) invA gene, invF 13(5.2%) and sit C 16 (6.4%).Antibiotic sensitivity test According to Bauer-Kirby method were done and gave 16 (6.4%) isolates resistance for ciprofloxacin which i

This study was aimed to explore the role of gallic acid (GA) in ameliorating in reducing adverse effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) on antioxidant status and lipid profile in adult male rats. Twenty-eight (28) adult male rats were divided randomly into four equal groups; they were daily handled for 30 days, as follows: control group (C), received tap water only. (G1), received 100ppm of CdCl₂ in drinking tap water, animals in proceeding groups were given in addition to CdCl₂ in drinking water the following: intraperitoneal injection of GA 100 mg/kg. daily (G2 group) and the combination of GA and CdCl₂ were given to rats in group (G3) in the same pattern.  At the e

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of folic acid (FA) on the hematological picture of female rabbits treated with methotrexate MTX. A total of twenty female rabbits were used in this study. They were at age 4-5 months. Their body weight ranged between 1-1,200 Kgm. All animals were kept under normal condition. its divided in to four groups and each group consist of five animals as follows ( Control group :5 rabbits were received distilled water, Folic acid group : 5 rabbits were received folic acid at 0.07mg/kg body weight daily, Methotrexate group : 5 rabbits were received methtrexate (0.03 mg/kg body weight  ) three times a week ,  folic acid with Methotrexate

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of boron and nanoboron" on histomorphology of the small intestine in layer chickens. 210 day-old chicks were used and were randomly assigned to seven equal groups.  The experiment, groups were exposed to both normal boron and nano-boron as follows:G1 received 15 mg/L of boron in their drinking water, G2 got 25 mg/L, G3 got 45 mg/L, while groups nano boron as following G4 got 15 mg/L, G5 got 25 mg/L, G6 got 45 mg/L of nano-boron, and G7 was not given any treatment. By using a light microscope, the  histomorphology result of intestine was  examine to determine the villi's height, thickness, crypt depth, and muscle thickness. The measure

This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variability of 26 rice genotypes and evaluation at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Gaba and Chawtan which were completely different in their environmental condition during the season of 2019. The performances of the genotypes were analyzed at both locations as well as the average of both. Simple coefficients of correlation were used to assess the grain yield components and their relationships. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of such components on grain yield plant^-1. The genotypes were grouped based on the agro-morphological features using cluster analysis. Almost all of the traits at both locat

The objectives of this study were to estimate the performance of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)  genotypes under water-stress conditions, and their genetic diversity. White bean surpassed the others for relative water content, root/shoot ratio and leaf area under water-stress condition. Scatter plot indicates a strong association of yield with pod numbers plant^-1, branch number and harvest index. A total of 69 polymorphic were obtained, applying 26 SSR primers on 14 genotypes. Major allele frequency was 0.601, and the average value of PIC was 0.407. The highest value of gene diversity (0.745) and PIC (0.704) were

The objectives of this work was to study the effect of sex and weight at slaughter on meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Black goat and Meriz goat .Twenty four weaned kids from each breed were divided equally and penned individually into two groups .The 1^st was castrated using rubber ring ,and the 2^nd was left intact ,and was assigned to be slaughtered at 15,20 and 25 kg live body weight .The overall means of  pH, lightness ,redness ,yellowness, drip loss, cooking loss and tenderness were 5.94±0.009 , 46±1.16 , 20.01±0.68 , 35.68±0.78 ,0.25±0.01, 12.17±0.35 ,1.65 <

This study was designed to investigate the influence of different gestation periods on serum estrogen, progesterone and biochemical attributes levels in Awassi ewes. Ten ewes of 2-5 years old and 35-50 kg live body weight were used currently during the period from September 2019 to February 2020. Estrogen concentration seemed to decline since 2^nd month and reached its lesser level at 4^th month and re-increased at 5^th month of gestation. The progesterone level increased (P≤0.05) at 2^nd and 3^rd months and decreased at 5^th month of gestation. Serum  Cholesterol, glucose, total protein, albumin

The research was conducted in Tartous governorate on apple trees cv. Golden Delicious grafted on the rootstock “Malus domestica Borkh”, during two seasons 2019-2020 to study the impact of manual and chemical thinning using foliar boron /zinc spray separately or in combination on some morphological and physiological indicators. The results showed a significant increase in leaf area and its content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the second season (low fruit load) compared to the first season (heavy load) due to a rise in vegetative growth and a reduct

The current study was aimed to determined the main causes of ringworm in cows and antifungal and synergistic effects of ZnO nanoparticles. For this purpose 50  skin scrapes were collected from cows infected with ringworm, culture media, staining and genetic methods used for diagnosis. MIC and MFC for antifungal and ZnO were determined. The result showed that Trichophyton spp was isolated in rate of 76%. The isolation rate of T.verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes  and T. rubrum were 68.4%, 21.0% and 10.5% respectively. MIC of Nystatin, fluocytosin, ZnO, Nystatin+ ZnO

This study was aimed of determining the relationship of polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene with some of growth traits (daily growth rate, relative and specific growth, ratio and efficiency of feed conversion) in 45 samples of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The following are the most important results obtained: The results of DNA sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed there are of three mutations in the following sites C24074T, A24375G and G24485A. No genetic makeup was significantly associated with the studied growth characteristics. It is concluded from this study that there is no significant effect of the difference in the genotypes of the growth hormone receptor gene

A field experiment was carried out during  the spring season 2020 at the University of Baghdad to study  the effect of the length and depth of the drip tape on  wetting  advance ofsubsurface drip irrigation system using Hydrus 2D/3D program. The site was planted with sunflower  in a clay loam texture. The drip tape was installed at 0.3m below soil surfacein two lengths; 20m and 40m. The experiment was designed according to the arrangement of split plotsdesign and  with three replications. The treatments were randomly distributed and planted with sunflower crop. The results showed that the moisture contents of the 20 mlength drip tape was higher compared with  the 40 m   drip tape lengt

This study was carried out in Erbil governorate, Iraq during 2020 to estimate the regression relations between the ionic strength of 354 water samples and their electrical conductivity then influence of correcting ion pairs and activity on this relation. Results indicated that electrical conductivity regards as an accurate measure of ionic strength for irrigation water. Correcting ion pairs plus activity had a great effect on the regression values between ionic strength values and electrical conductivity of the studied water samples. Highly significant correlation coefficient was recorded between ionic strength and electrical conductivity before correction and after correcting ion pairs and ion pairs plus activity with the correl

Newcastle disease (ND) is a paramyxovirus-based infectious, highly contagious, and pathogenic avian viral disease. Despite the widespread use of ND vaccinations, ND remains a danger to poultry breeders worldwide. The specific goal of this study was to identify the best vaccination route against ND in the layer hens at production stage following oily vaccine. One hundred chickens at 30 weeks of age were collected from layer flocks (ISSA brown) and randomly divided into four groups. The groups received the following vaccinations: G1: Chicks were vaccinated two doses against ND by (La Sota strain) through drinking water at (30 and 40) weeks. G2: Chicks were vaccinated two doses against ND by (La Sota strain) throug

This study was aimed to evaluate the role of vitamins C and E on genotoxicity, biochemical and hematological indices in common carp, Cyprinus carpio following zinc oxide nanoparticles exposure. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized (size was < 34nm) and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. About 120 common carp (weight 20.0-32.0 g) were randomly divided into 12 tanks at rate of 10 fish/tank (two (replicates/treatment); fish were fed diet as follows: Control (C) were fed basal diet; T1 fish were fed bas

This study was concentrated for isolation and identification of 60 (35.2%) Proteus mirabilis isolates out of 170 urine samples from patients suffering from urinary tract infection  from different hospitals in Baghdad city during a period from September 2020 to January 2021. The isolates were cultivated on selective media and biochemical reactions were used to identify them confirmatory APi 20 E tests. The sixty selected isolates were tested for resistance against four antibiotics. The results shown that there were differences in the antibiotic resistance of isolates. High resistance to nalidixic acid and ampicillin were found among isolates as (75%) and (51%) respectively while the resistance of Proteus mirabili

This study was aimed to conducted as a challenge test for R. mucosa ability to reduces atopic dermatitis induced in the skin of experimental animals and improve the fact that this kind of microorganism play important role as skin microflora to reduce some type of skin diseases, additionally to find the suitable pharmaceutical formula can be maintaining and stimulating bacterial isolate to produce a pigment. A probiotic application as a suitable cream formulas were prepared containing local R. mucosa biomass, Standard R. mucosa biomass and partial purified pigment to treat three groups of albino mice induced with atopic dermatitis. The main physical char

The aim of the study investigates the molecular diagnosis between (the Avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus and differentiating the infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies. The 1^st detection by RT-PCR for(PMV-1) as primary detection then, the samples were prepared as in FTA card Whatman^® and sent to (AniCon Labs) Germany to detect by one step RT-PCR (DIVA technique) between NDV and AEV   genotype. The result of the molecular investigation as primary detection revealed three samples were positive with Ct values (34.0, 26.6, and 35.8) respectively. Then, in the detection of AEV the result showed all samples were negative. finally, by using (DIVA) with two primers to detect ge

In the current study, Seventeen types of plants commonly used namely (Chickpeas, Tomato, Soybean, Mustard, Baker, Lebbeck, Bean, Sesame, Male Iraqi berries, Female Iraqi berries, Indian berries, Potato, Radish, Legumes, peas, Watermelon, and Phaseolus were obtained and screened for urease activity, among these plants, Sesame was chosen with maximum enzymatic activity, and it had the highest productivity of urease enzyme (1.623 U/mg protein). The optimum extraction ratio represented by 1:10 (W: V) after 90 minutes and 0.8414U/mg protein. Sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0) was chosen as the best extraction buffer with specific activity 0.9004U/mg protein.

This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and the distribution of Integron I, Integron II, and genes among uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infection. The results revealed that one hundred and thirty-seven (91%) out of 150 clinical specimens were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates (137 isolates) were given a higher percentage of resistance against Piperacillin (94.89%)and Rifampicin (93.43%) and the lowest resistance was with Meropenem (40.87%). According to PCR amplification

Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) is a major biotic diseases in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). In the field survey which lasted 2 year in six different geographical locations, Xap strains from the severely infected plant material collected including DuhokCcenter, around Erbil, Zaxo, south of Duhok, Akre, and Amedi. Xanthomonas was detected from infected plant material and its identity was confirmed by morphological, Microbial and Molecular Characterization. To study its genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship two important loci were targeted namely ITS region of 16s rDNA, 16S rRNA and then a PCR-RFLP was performed for PCR product o

This study was conducted to identify the polymorphism of ATP1A1 gene, distribution ratios, and its association with semen characteristics of Holstein bulls. Twenty-five Holstein bulls were used currently. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture to separate the DNA and identify the polymorphism of the ATP1A1 gene. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina for fresh evaluation. Results were showed the change of cytosine (C) nucleotide at site 15738 to adenine (A) at the exon 17 (SNP C15738A) of the ATP1A1 gene. Two polymorphisms were obtained according to this change, the first is wild (CC; allele frequency 0.84), and the secon

To study the allometric growth of body and carcass traits, twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg, respectively were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of both docked and intact lambs of dissectible lean and bone were negative heterogenic (b<1), indicating an early maturing tissues

This study was aim to investigate performance of seed drill - fertilizer (GIL-SAX multisem18) was evaluated under two different farming systems (till and no-till) and tractor speeds (5.28, 7.76 and 8.30 km.h^-1). The characteristics were measured including draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, and germination rate. The experiment was organized as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The significant difference was examined using the least significant difference tests at a P≤0.05. The results showed a minimum draft force and wheel slip under the till system and tractor speed of 5.28 km.h^-1 intera

This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of S. aureus  to different antiseptics.This research indicate that the resistance of S.aureus to antiseptics  is  due to possessing  either the smr gene or the qacA/B genes that  associated with decreased susceptibility to antiseptics there for this study amid to determine the frequencies of S. aureus chloroxylenol resistant isolates and the presence of the  previous genes in these isolates as well as the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of these genes.189 clinical isolates isolated from skin infections  identified as S. aureus in Baghdad by microscopical and biochemical tests. The chloroxylenol resistance S. aureus isolates was identified and

 This experiment was carried out at College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Microscopically, no adverse histopathological changes were seen in the kidneys, liver, gills and intestines of Cyprinus carpio for T2(replacing fishmeal with 5% lentil) and T3 (replacing fishmeal with 10% lentil) in comparison with the control (T1). However, various levels of adverse histopathological changes were seen in the T4(replacing fish meal with 15% lentil) and T5 (replacing fishmeal with 20% lentil). In the kidneys, dilation of the Bowman’s spaces was evidently associated with a decrease in the mesangial cellularity of glomerular tuft. In the liver, congestion of the central vein was apparent together with centril

Lambs’ performance and some carcass traits in relation to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were studied in twelve lambs from each of Awassi and Karadi slaughtered at three different weights raised at the animal farm, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok.  Each group of lambs slaughtered at 30 kg, 40 kg, and 50kg was kept in an individual separate pen and fed concentrate ration at libitum. Weight gain and feed intake were recorded till the slaughter and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment and one day before slaughter from the vena jugular for the IGF-1 analysis by using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Statistical analysis

This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5.

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of   herbicide (lintur @180 g.ha^-1 + Axial @1.5 L.ha^-1, Navigator @ 1.25 L.ha^-1 and the control treatment) in the companion weeds. Besides, grain yield and its components of three cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 256, Aldebaran). The experiment was carried out according to RCBD, within split plot arrangement using three replicates. The cultivars represented the Main-plots, while herbicides and control treatments represented the sub-plots. The second included a laboratory experiment with four replicates of 50 seeds per replicate to study some grain quality

Rice-fish farming system that is purposed to maximize land use by adding fish farming to its systems. In the Rice-fish farming system, the fish farm serves as a solution to overcome pests so it can provide benefits for the farmers. Fish farm maintenance is considered to be a solution to reduce farmers expenditures in the use of fertilizers. The reason is in the fish-maintaining process, fish will naturally excrete dirt which has a function as organic fertilizer which will increase the fertility of the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of phytoplankton as well as the physical and chemical quality of the water