Back ground: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a common complication of all liver diseases. However clinical and experimental data suggest a direct role of HCV in the perturbation of glucose metabolism. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of HCV infection as a risk factor to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to study the immunopathogenicity of HCV in diabetes mellitus patients, through the assessment of IFN-γ, TNF- α and IL-10 serum levels.
Objectives: Is to investigate the role of HCV infection as a risk factor to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to study the immunopathogenecity of HCV in diabetes mellitus patients, through the assessment of IFN-γ, TNF- α and IL-10 serum levels.

Background: EOS (encoded by the IKZF4 gene) is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor IKaros family, and plays a critical role in Treg suppressor functions, and maintaining Treg stability. IL-6 is a soluble mediator with a pleiotropic effect on inflammation, immune response, and hematopoiesis. Aim: To estimate serum IL-6 level and EOS gene expression in Iraqi patients with psoriasis. Method: Twenty-two patients with psoriasis (8 females, 14 males) with age ranged 18-72 years, were recruited from Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Baghdad, and 24 healthy donors. The serum levels of IL-6 by ELISA and the gene expression of IKZF4 (EOS gene) by RT-qPCR technique. Results: The results showed a non-significant diffe

      Cytokines and chemokines are small-secreted proteins involved in many aspects of cell development, differentiation, and activation functions. A prominent characteristic of these molecules is their effect on the immune system in relation to the development of cell trafficking and immune tissues and organs. Furthermore, they play an important role in initiating and coordinating the organized and sequential recruitment and activation of cells into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs. We aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin -17 (IL-17) and the chemotactic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in the sera of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. About 90 subjects were included, involving 5

Background: Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug having notable anti-inflammatory, and anti-antineoplastic properties. Lenalidomide suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have been linked to a variety of hematologic malignancies. Lenalidomide enhances the immune system of the host by regulating T cell proliferation, which results in changes in inflammation that are related to the etiology of psoriasis.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of lenalidomide as an ointment in treating mouse models of psoriasis as well as how it may affect TNF-α levels in skin tissue in different experimental groups.

Methods: The stud

Schizophrenia (SZ) is severe mental disorder and characterized by fundamental disturbances in thinking, perception and emotions. Immune deregulation has been postulated to be one of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This study hypothesized that interleukins would have a link with schizophrenia patients. The serum IL-2 and IL-10 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in schizophrenia patients (n=60) and healthy controls (n = 30). The results showed that serum IL-2 and IL-10 levels were significantly different among schizophrenia patients. The observations indicate a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in schizophrenic patients serum levels of IL-2 compared with healthy control. Whereas

The mean age of AS patients was (35.0 ± 9.8) years.When the patients and control subjects were divided into different age groups (>40, 30-40, <30 years), the differences were not significantin terms of disease prevalence. The results also showed that the percentage of male patients is higher than that of females. There was no significant difference (P?0.05) between patients and controls in the distribution of males and females.Most of the patients had the disease for a period of 5 years or higher, with a disease severity of ? 2.1 and functional disability degree of I, II. The resultsshoweddifferent patterns of distribution for the three tested cytokines. A significant increase in the level of TNF-?, anon-significantincrease i

Gastritis can be defined as histological inflammation of the gastric mucosa. It can be classified according to the time course of the disease as acute or chronic, histological findings, anatomic location, and pathological mechanisms. The objective of this study was to evaluation of serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-17 and IL-22 in Helicobacter pylori infection and their association with the degree of gastritis histopathology in a sample of Iraqi patients. The case-control prospective study consists of 60 patients who attended the Gastrointestinal Tract Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital during the period from December 2019 to April 2020. In addition, the control group included 60 apparently healthy individuals. Bio

     Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder,  the etiology and pathogenesis of which have been suggested to be influenced by cytokines. Two main clinical types of IBD are recognized, namely ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The present study examined serum levels of two cytokines (IL-17A and IL-23) in 60 IBD patients (30 UC and 30 CD) and 30 healthy controls. The levels were correlated with age, gender, cigarette-smoking status, disease duration, family history, disease extension, symptoms, extra-intestinal manifestations, and medication. The results depicted that IL-17A level was significantly higher in UC and CD patients compared to control (45.2 ± 23.3 and 47.5 ±

The present study aimed to investigate CMV and Rubella virus as a causative agent of recurrent abortion, while the IL-2 levels were estimated as immune parameter during pregnancy period. A total of 63 blood samples were collected from recurrently aborted women, control non-pregnant women and control pregnant women. The results recorded 72.09 % CMV positive aborted women and 27.91 % Rubella virus positive aborted women. Levels of IL-2 were (437.03 ± 38.02) pg/ ml in first group, (390.51± 63.56) pg/ ml in second group, (32.98 ±15.12) pg/ ml in control group non pregnant women and (118.63 ± 24.81) pg/ ml in control pregnant women. High IL-2 levels in all studied women indicate presence of a factor affecting the immune system other than