تستهدف قواعد القانون الدولي الانساني تحقيق نوع من التوازن القائم على اعمال مبدأ التناسب بين الضرورة العسكرية بما تحققه من ميزة تساهم في اضعاف قدرات العدو تمهيدا لإخضاعه من جانب وبين الاخلاقيات الانسانية التي تشكل حمايتها غاية القواعد القانونية, وتشهد النزاعات المسلحة تعرض المدنيين لأضرار توصف من جانب المهاجم بانها "اضرار جانبية" لا تؤدي الى مسؤوليته عنها باعتبارها مقبولة وفقا لقواعد القانون الدولي الانس

This study investigates fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete properties. LECA will be used in place of coarse aggregate in (0, 20, 40, and 60) % proportions in a partial replacement. First, four SCC mixes were made based on LECA volume fraction and then the second group was made by adding 1% glass fiber by volume to group one's mixes. Hardened concrete after 7, 28, and 56 days was tested for density, water absorption, and (compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural) strengths. Results suggest that LECA increases workability. Rising LECA percentage decreases compressive strength; for 60% LECA, the decrease was (51.90, 45.34, and 41.26) % for 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. With 60% LECA replacement, flexural

The present study deals with the removal of oil from wastewater by organoclay. The organoclay was prepared by combination of Iraqi bentonite with quaternary amine (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride). The wastewater samples were obtained from the washing unit of fuel oil in the "South Baghdad Gas Power Plant. The operating conditions of batch process for removal of oil from wastewater by using the prepared organoclays were studied in details (quantity of organoclay, mixer speed and time of adsorption). Initial concentration of wastewater used in this study was within a maximum range of 230-1512 mg/L. XRD and FTIR diagram of the prepared organoclay showed a considerable differences from those for natural bentonite which indicates the ex

During the last 5 decades, it is evident that there is a drastic need for close cooperation between the Iraqi architect and other engineers, technicians working with him, towards solving particular problems related to materials, system building technology in Iraq.The architect need to become a leader of the building team instead of becoming"a Hero". The research develop a light weight modular block (25x25x12.5cm), equivalent in volume to 3 bricks (25x12.5x7.5 cm). The proposed modular block use broken or crushed bricks as an aggregate instead of stone. The block can be handled easily, it can be produced mechanically 1.e. via compressors or manually. The research cover the use of recycled "broken or crushed" bricks by making samples, reco

The regeneration of spent transformer oil taken from Al-Dora power station was studied. The regeneration process includes settling, filtration, thermo vacuum evaporation, and clay treatment. The settling was done by gravity to remove the mechanical particles. The filtration was done by filter paper [whatman quality! and 18.5 cm diameter). Thermo vacuum evaporation at 175°C and 241 mm Hg was used for removing the dissolved water and light petroleum impurities. The clay treatment was used for final improvement of transformer oil properties. Iraqi clay. Algerian clay and zeolite (A) were used and the results were compared. It was studied the effect of clay to oil ratio and the mixing time on the water content, break down voltage and the ac

As cooling air using water injection was limited by a range of humidity ratio so indirect humidification for air consider, this research take the study of heat transfer through a perpendicular plate heat exchanger to discover the influence optimum conditions on dehumidification efficiency and the amount of heat transfer energy across the plates of heat exchanger so calculating dehumidification efficiency and the amount of heat transfer energy across the plates of heat exchanger depending on the change of primary and secondary air flow rate using an experimental apparatus with an instruments for measuring air flow rate dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature on air entry and exit sections, experimental procedure by fixing primary ai

              Riding in Andalusia was a sport emphasized by Islam. It also works to strengthen the muscles, prevent them from sagging, gain vitality and vitality, regulate blood circulation and improve brain and heart function. The research we discussed in the study is not limited to a particular class. Most Andalusian rulers practiced equestrian And they hold concerts and competitions of horse competition, as happened during the reign of Caliph al-Hakam al-Mustansir and Muzaffar ibn Abi Amer and the governor adopted Ben Abbad and the Caliph Muhammad bin Bani al-Ahmar, the governor of the city of Granada in the presence of the great poets such as the son of Abu Salt and Ibn

يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على حب الذات لدى طلبة الجامعة، ويتحدد  البحث الحالي بطلبة جامعة بغداد للدراسات الصباحية من كلا الجنسين (ذكور و اناث) ومن الكليات العلمية والانسانية للعام الدراسي (2023- 2024) ، وتكونت عينة البحث للتحليل الاحصائي من (400) طالبٍ وطالبة، وعينة التطبيق النهائي  (541) طالبًا وطالبة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية، وبالأسلوب المتناسب، من طلبة جامعة بغداد ولتحقيق اه

   استهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على الحاجات الارشادية لدى الطالبات المتفوقات والمتأخرات دراسيا في المدارس الثانوية والبالغ عددهن (400) طالبة من مدارس المتفوقات دراسيا والمدارس العامة، واعدت الباحثة مقياس الحاجات الارشادية المتكون من ثلاثة مجالات بناء على رأي الخبراء ومراجعة الادبيات السابقة واستطلاع اراء الطالبات، وتم حساب الصدق والثبات واستخدام الباحثة لمحك للحكم على اهمية الحاجة بالنسبة للطالبة من

Cytokines are signaling molecules between inflammatory cells that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of a disease. Among these cytokines are interleukins (ILs) 17A and 33, and accordingly, the current case-control study sought to investigate the role of each of the two cytokines in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty-eight relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) Iraqi patients and twenty healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to determine serum levels of IL-17A and IL-33. Results revealed that IL-17A and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in MS patients than in controls (14.1 ± 4.5 vs. 7.5 ± 3.8 pg/mL; p < 0.001 and 65.3 ± 16

Gypseous soil covers approximately 30% of Iraqi lands and is widely used in geotechnical and construction engineering as it is. The demand for residential complexes has increased, so one of the significant challenges in studying gypsum soil due to its unique behavior is understanding its interaction with foundations, such as strip and square footing. This is because there is a lack of experiments that provide total displacement diagrams or failure envelopes, which are well-considered for non-problematic soil. The aim is to address a comprehensive understanding of the micromechanical properties of dry, saturated, and treated gypseous sandy soils and to analyze the interaction of strip base with this type of soil using particle image

Most reinforced concrete (RC) structures are constructed with square/rectangular columns. The cross-section size of these types of columns is much larger than the thickness of their partitions. Therefore, parts of these columns are protruded out of the partitions. The emergence of columns edges out of the walls has some disadvantages. This limitation is difficult to be overcome with square or rectangular columns. To solve this problem, new types of RC columns called specially shaped reinforced concrete (SSRC) columns have been used as hidden columns. Besides, the use of SSRC columns provides many structural and architectural advantages as compared with rectangular columns. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the structura

Seven isolates were identified as Pseduomonas aeruginosa from clinical samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test were done to determine their sensitivity to number of antibiotics, the results illustrated all that isolates were resistant to most used antibiotics. The ability of Pseduomonas isolates to produce haemolysin, protease and pyocyanin were detected in this study, all isolates had the ability to produce pyocyanin pigment, hemolysis and protease. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Thuja orientalis and green tea against P.aeruginosa were investigated. The results showed that both these plant extracts have inhibitory effect against Pseduomonas isolates and it was shown that ethanolic extract of green tea was more efficie

ABSTRACT: Oxadiazole ring is a heterocyclic molecule with an oxygen and two nitrogen atoms spread throughout its five-membered structure. There are four different isomers that have been discovered, Because of their wide applications in a range of sectors, including medications . Some of these biological activity are; anticonvulsant capacity, anticancer as well, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal,  antimalarial, antitubercular, anti-asthmatic, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiparkinsonian, analgesic and  anti-inflammatory, are just some of the therapeutic uses that have drawn attention to drug candidates containing an oxadiazole moiety. This review, we will examine the various methods of oxadiazole synthesis. The mo

A low speed open circuit wind tunnel has been designed, manufactured and constructed at the
Mechanical Engineering Department at Baghdad University - College of Engineering. The work is one of
the pioneer projects adapted by the R & D Office at the Iraqi MOHESR. The present paper describes the
first part of the work; that is the design calculations, simulation and construction. It will be followed by a
second part that describes testing and calibration of the tunnel. The proposed wind tunnel has a test
section with cross sectional area of (0.7 x 0.7 m2) and length of (1.5 m). The maximum speed is about (70
m/s) with empty test section. The contraction ratio is (8.16). Three screens are used to minimize flow
distu

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status for samples at the age of 17-15 years. These samples were taken from secondary schools and universities in Baghdad area, 123 of them were male and 261 were female. Data on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined in each individual. Smaller sample of 215 individuals (male and female) from the original sample was taken in order to record their nutritional behavior and daily food intake during the 24 hours prior to the visit through personal meeting using special questionnaire. The results showed that the weight and the height were within the range of the people of neighboring Arab countries, who are in the same age. Beside 44.4- 55.95% of these samples were within t

The fresh water green alga Chlorella vulgaris was selected to study its ability to degrade one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)known is anthracene (ANT). ANT is widely used in artificial products such as wood preservatives; insecticides; dye and coating materials. This algae was cultivated in CH-10 medium under constant laboratory conditions and exposed to different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 mg/l) of anthracene for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 15 days, with the concentration of ANT measured  by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC). The results showed that C.vulgaris has high ability to reduce anthracene to 80% at 1mg/Lcon centration after 3 days and 100% after 5 days, while at 3 and 5 mg / L concent

This study includes synthesis of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds linked to amino acid esters or heterocyclic amines that may have a potential  activity as antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic.  Quinolines are an important group of organic compounds that possess useful biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor .8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and numerous of its derivatives exhibit potent activities against fungi and bacteria which make them good candidates for the treatment of many parasitic and microbial infection diseases.

These pharmacological properties of quinolones  aroused our  interest in synthesizing several new compounds featuring heterocyclic rings of the quinoline derivatives linke

     This study aims to simulate water seepage and identify areas of weakness in the foundations through the right and left sides of the proposed Makhool dam in northern Iraq, using the finite element method by advanced computer software (SEEP/ W, 2012). The earth fill dam is 3670 m long on the Tigris River. Many attempts were made to ascertain the program results on the supposed earth dam and compare the results with those of other analytical methods to verify the program. The results are comparable, showing that the program is suitable for use in the seepage analysis at the proposed Makhool dam. According to the seepage analysis, the quantity of seepage through the left side of Makhool is acceptable within permissible limits; howev

In this study a fabrication of three groups of biological system for bone scaffold, which consist of first group samples (Acrylic bone cement: % X poly methyl meth acrylate ), second group samples (poly methyl meth acrylate: % X Acrylic bone cement), with selected weight percentages of second material are (5, 10,15 and 20 % wt.) and third group, (Acrylic bone cement: 15 % poly methyl meth acrylate : % X starch) with selected weight percentage ratios of starch are (2, 4 and 6 %wt.). In vitro biological activity and water absorption have been studied. The results clarified that the in vitro biological activity test showed that all fabricated samples have no biological influence on the gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram negat

One of the biggest problems in power quality aspects is the harmonic contents in the electrical system. Most of the current harmonics are due to the nonlinear operation of the power converters and arc furnaces . These harmonics cause overheating of the magnetic cores of transformers and motors beside their effect on the torque –speed of the later . These problems have lead to the creation of design standards for purpose of limiting the allowable harmonics on the power lines, and hence to improve the power factor. This paper presents two types of power factor correction (PFC) for single phase AC/DC converter, the Boost converter and the Buck- Boost converter. The output of the Boost converter is fixed (400V , 3kW) while the output of th

The ability of using aluminum filings which is locally solid waste was tested as a mono media in gravity rapid filter. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variation of influent water turbidity (10, 20and 30 NTU); flow rate(30, 40, and 60 l/hr) and bed height (30and60)cm on the performance of aluminum filings filter media for 5 hours run time and compare it with the conventional sand filter. The results indicated that aluminum filings filter showed better performance than sand filter in the removal of turbidity and in the reduction of head loss. Results showed that the statistical model developed by the multiple linear regression was proved to be
valid, and it could be used to predict head loss in aluminum filings

This study produces an image of theoretical and experimental case of high loading stumbling condition for hip prosthesis. Model had been studied namely Charnley. This model was modeled with finite element method by using ANSYS software, the effect of changing the design parameters (head diameter, neck length, neck ratio, stem length) on Charnley design, for stumbling case as impact load where the load reach to (8.7* body weight) for impact duration of 0.005sec.An experimental rig had been constructed to test the hip model, this rig consist of a wood box with a smooth sliding shaft where a load of 1 pound is dropped from three heights.
The strain produced by this impact is measured by using rosette strain gauge connected to Wheatstone

This paper presents a neural network based surface finish Prediction model in turning operation .
Orthogonal cutting tests were performed on mild steel using H.S.S cutting tool with different
cutting parameters cutting speed ,
feed and nose radius of the cutting tool . The collected data was
used to train feed forward back propagation neural network. The developed model has been tested
to preclict surface finish for various cutting conditions. The model was found to be powerful &
capable of accurate surface finish prediction for the range it had been trained but the accuracy
deteriorated as the cutting conditions were changed significantly'