This study aims at identifying the extent of SMS usage and understanding the role it plays in satisfying users' needs and motivations. In order to achieve this aim, an analytical descriptive method was adopted by conducting a field survey among students at Petra University.

The study resulted in many conclusions, the most important of which is that using SMS meets the students' cognitive, social and communicational needs and desires, the highest being communicating with friends at 75%, followed by exchanging songs and videos at 52%, as well as exchanging photos at 45%. In regards to their motivation for using text messaging, forgetting daily problems scored highest at 81.4% and spending free time followed at 77.4%. This proves th

This research focuses on shedding light on the most important criteria by which the translator can achieve total success with regard to the translation of scientific texts whose written language in Spanish is greatly influenced by expressions and words adopted from the English language and other world languages, in addition to exposing the most outstanding difficulties that translators face when translating from Spanish to Arabic, giving the most appropriate solutions in this regard.

Resumen

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en echar luz sobre los criterios más importantes por los cuales el traductor puede conseguir el total éxito en la traducción de los textos científicos cuyo lenguaje

In this subject article analyzed features of a sports indifferent countries during , article analyzed features of a sports media in different countries between social change politcheskih , transformation thematic area dedicated sports periodicals and the influence of these media on the formation of national identity .

Subject of comparative analysis research are sports print media in Ukraine and Iraqi Kurdistan .And highlight the sports as one of modem  Kurdish journalism in lraqi Kurdistan that emerged after the spring in 1991 which took her privacy in the field of journalism , and analysis with sports journalism in the era of the independent state of Ukнаraine in the early nineties of the past century .

تعد الوديعة من النظم القانونية الراسخة في قانون الأحكام العام الانكليزي, والتي ضمت بين دفتيها الخصائص المميزة لكل من قانوني العقد والأموال الانكليزيين. وقد إكتسب قانون الوديعة الانكليزي هذه السمات المشتركة لهذين النظامين القانونيين البارزين, واللذين يشكلان جزءً مهماً من قانون الأحكام العام, عن طريق السوابق القضائية التي أصدرتها المحاكم الانكليزية. وقد تبنت تلك السوابق القضائية اتجاهين مختلفين في تكييفه

The main purpose of the research is to study the significance of the event in the explicit source and its significance in the Mimi source and to explain the difference between them in the Holy Quran, especially since most linguists were not interested in what the Mime source indicates in the text, but focused on its form and form, as they defined it as the name Linguists and grammarians did not mention a difference in meaning between the explicit source and the Mimi source, and they interpret the second in the first sense, which led me to choose this topic, to know the significance of each source through Appeal to the maqam and occasion in a challenge D The exact meaning.

ملاحظات اولية حول تنفيذ برنامج الخصخصة

A new spontaneous mutation (dh) is described for Culex quinquefasciatus Say. This
phenotype was observed in the second generation to cause complete coloration of the head
capsule and the siphon of the larvae. This character is mainly detectable in the larval stage
and slightly in the adult stage.
The reciprocal mass matting between mutants from F2 generation and normal wild type
sibs, revealed that the mode of inheritance can be controlled by an autosomal recessive
gene(s). This happened for both sexes with slightly variability in their expression. No
significant larval mortalities were found in all crosses.

يدور هذا البحث حول واحدة من الشخصيات الملكية التي كان لها تأثيرا مهما في تأريخ بلاد الرافدين القديمة ،وتتمثل هذه الشخصية بالملك شار-كالي-شري(2254-2230ق-م)، الذي تولى العرش بعد وفاة والده نرام- سين (2291-2255ق-م)، فقد نال هذا الملك شهرة كبيرة في عصر الدولة الاكدية بشكل خاص، وبلاد الرافدين بشكل عام ، وذلك بما قام به من منجزات سياسية وعمرانية ، فقد اهتم بالجانب السياسي وقام بعدة حملات عسكرية ضد اعداء الدولة الاكدية وكان ن

يعد جوذر الصقلبي من الشخصيات البارزة المهمة التي كان لها دوراً إيجابياً في قيام الدعوة الإسماعيلية بالمغرب سنة (٢٦٧ه‍/٨٨٠م) والدولة الفاطمية، إذ شغل العديد من المناصب والوظائف في الدعوة واهمها مرتبة الحجة في الدعوة الإسماعيلية، وتضمن هذا البحث ((روايات جوذر الصقلبي عن الإمام الاسماعيلي إسماعيل المنصور الفاطمي (٣٣٤-٣٤١ه‍/٩٤٥-٩٥٢م))) مقدمة تتناول نطاق الدراسة وتحليل مصادرها، ويتكون من مبحثين وخاتمة، المبحث

شهدت الدولة العباسية، منذ مطلع القرن الثالث الهجري، تحوّلًا كبيرًا في بنيتها العسكرية والسياسية، تمثّل في تصاعد دور الجند الأتراك ضمن مؤسسات الدولة، ولا سيما بعد تولّي الخليفة المعتصم بالله (218هـ – 227هـ)، الذي كان أول من اعتمد على الأتراك بشكل منظّم وأسّس لهم معسكراتهم الخاصة، لا سيما في مدينة سامراء. وقد تطوّر هذا الدور تدريجيًا ليصبح الجند الأتراك فاعلين رئيسيين في صنع القرار السياسي، بل ومصدرًا مباشرًا

     استدعى الملك عبدالعزيز آل سعود في اواخر العشرينيات من القرن العشرين خبراء ومستشارين اقتصاديين وجيولوجيين امريكيين مختصين ليكتشفوا البلاد بحثا عن المياه الجوفية والمعادن، وقد وجد هؤلاء الاقتصاديين كميات كبيرة من المياه الجوفية ومناجم الذهب والفضة فضلا عن اكتشافهم لحقول البترول في المملكة العربية السعودية، فكان على راس هؤلاء الخبراء هو الخبير الاقتصادي والجيولوجي والمهندس الامريكي كارل تو

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) can be used to detect damage and analyze volumetric changes in large structural test specimens. Compared to traditional imaging and surface analysis methods, the primary reason for using 3D scanning is the difficulty of attaching targets to towers of varying heights, as well as the fact that some towers are covered with insulating materials that obscure key landmarks. In addition, the large number of incoming and outgoing pipes and stairs attached to the towers further complicates traditional assessment methods. This research focuses on assessing the damage to the three refining towers at the Baiji Refinery facility. Scanning was performed using a 3D laser scanner with HDR color imaging, capturing da

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Advances in cancer therapies—including immunotherapies (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors, gene-targeted therapies), antibody-based cancer toxins, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery—have significantly improved survival rates 1,2. However, this progress has led to a surge in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among cancer survivors, now recognised as a leading cause of mortality in this population 3,4. These intersecting burdens highlight the growing need to prevent, detect, and manage cardiovascular complications in cancer care pathways and call for important initiatives in establishing cardio-oncology services globally.

Objective: To diagnose the function of natural biomolecules in the biological reduction of metal salts during nanoparticle synthesis.Study Design: Experimental studyPlace and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al- Haitham at the University of Baghdad from 1st January 2024 to 31st March 2025. Methods: Capsicum plant extract was used and treated with a readily available inorganic salt (CaSO4 2H2O). It was used as a basic material to obtain particles.Results: Calcium peroxide nanoparticles in the form of a yellowish-white powder were confirmed by using, UV, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, and EDX, confirmed that the compound is calcium peroxide nanoparticles with an average nano size of 31

     In this work, we introduce  a new convergence formula. We also define cluster point , δ-Cauchy sequence, δ-convergent, δ-completeness , and define sequentially contraction  in approach space. In addition, we prove the contraction condition is necessary and sufficient to get the  function is sequentially contraction  as well as we put a new structure for the norm in the approach space which is called approach –Banach space, we discuss the normed approach space with uniform condition is a Hausdorff space. Also, we prove a normed approach space is complete if and only if the metric generated from approach space is complete as well as prove every finite –dimensional approach normed space is δ-complete. We prove several r

Four Co(II), (C1); Ni(II), (C2); Cu(II), (C3) and Zn(II), (C4) chelates have been synthesized with 1-(4-((2-amino- 5‑methoxy)diazenyl)phenyl)ethanone ligand (L). The produced compounds have been identified by using spectral studies, elemental analysis (C.H.N.O), conductivity and magnetic properties. The produced metal chelates were studied using molar ratio as well as sequences contrast types. Rate of concentration (1 ×10􀀀 4 - 3 ×10􀀀 4 Mol/L) sequence Beer’s law. Compound solutions have been noticed height molar absorptivity. The free of ligand and metal chelates had been applied as disperse dyes on cotton fabrics. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the produced compounds against various bacteria had been investigated. F

     The research involved a rapid, automated and highly accurate developed CFIA/MZ technique for estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) in pure, dosage forms and biological sample. This method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with PHE in existence of sodium periodate as oxidizing agent in alkaline medium to form a red colored product at ʎ_max )520 nm (. A flow rate of 4.3 mL.min^-1 using distilled water as a carrier, the method of FIA proved to be as a sensitive and economic analytical tool for estimation of PHE.

Within the concentration range of 5-300 μg.mL^-1, a calibration curve was rectilinear, where the detection limit was 3.252 μg.mL

This study aims to identify the role of electronic management in simplifying the work procedures at Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University. The study was based on the random sample of (366) individuals. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaire. The statistical tests were applied according to the data and the study hypotheses: Cronbach’s Alpha, mean, standard deviation, Z test, ANOVA. The study concluded numbers of results: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University applies electronic management in its administrative processes (planning, organizing, directing, controlling) to a very high level. There are substantial differences in the views of the sample me

Based on Lyapunov exponent criterion, the aircraft lateral-directional stability during critical flight cases is presented. A periodic motion or limit cycle oscillation isdisplayed. A candidate mechanism for the wing rock limit cycle is the inertia coupling between an unstable lateral-directional (Dutch roll) mode with stable longitudinal (short period) mode. The coupling mechanism is provided by the nonlinear interaction of motion related terms in the complete set equations of motion. To analyze the state variables of the system, the complete set of nonlinear equations of motion at different high angles of attack are solved. A novel analysis including the variation of roll angle as a function of angle of attack is proposed. Furthermore