يُعد مجلس الدولة دوماً المستشار الأمين لجهات الادارة فيما يستجد من أمور، ومستودع سرها المؤتمن فهو يساعد الإدارة في عملية وضع الصيغة المناسبة لمشاريع القوانين والأنظمة والتعليمات، بحث يجعلها مؤدية للهدف المقصود منها، وذلك من خلال وظيفته الإفتائية.

     وهو يُعد رمز العدالة الادارية Justice Administrative وموئلها الأمين، يستطيع على الدوام بما يرسيه من مبادئ المشروعية، وبما له من هيبة وق

تحرك الدعوى الدستورية بآليات عدة اخصها: تلك التي تتوقف على دفع بعدم دستورية نص يتعلق بدعوى منظورة يبديه الخصوم امام احدى المحاكم ⁽¹⁾ ، أو بدعوى اصلية مباشرة من صاحب مصلحة تقدم الى المحكمة الاتحادية العليا مباشرة ⁽²⁾، لذا قد يكون السؤال منطقياً عن: أثر تقديم طلب ابطال الدعوى الدستورية من قبل محرك الدعوى الدستورية طالما أنها تحركت من حيث الأصل بطلبٍ منه ؟، وبخاصة أن النظام الداخلي للمحكمة الاتحادية ا

الحضارات القديمة المختلفة كحضارة وادي الرافدين، اليونانية، المصرية، الصينية وغيرهم الكثير، ومن ثم الحضارة الإسلامية، اهتمت بالتعليم بوصفه عاملاً أساسياً لتقدم الأمم. وحتى اليوم يعد الاهتمام بالتعليم والمعلم من أولويات الدول المتقدمة.

إن انتشار الإنترنت وتطور التكنولوجيا والحاجة إلى تعلم مهارات جديدة بشكل مستمر لمواكبة هذه التطورات، أدى إلى تغييرات مبتكرة في مجال التعليم والتعلم، حيث التعلم الإلكت

This paper introduces an experimental study on the behavior of confined concrete filled aluminum tubular (CFT) column to improve strength design, ductility and durability of concrete composite structures under concentrically loaded in compression to failure. To achieve this: seven column specimens with same concrete diameter 100mm and without steel reinforcement have been examined through experimental testing, which are used to study the effects of the thickness of the aluminum tube encased concrete ( thickness : 0mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm with same length of column 450mm), length of column (thickness 5mm and length of column 700mm) and durability (thickness 5mm and length of column 450mm) on the structural behavior of &

This study had been conducted to quantify the concentrations of PAHs compounds in the roots of Phragmites australis[Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) and Typha domingensis Pers. and to assess their efficiency in remediation of these pollutants from the sediment of fresh water sediment in Hilla, Daghara and Diwaniyah River. Samples (whole plants) were collected from the selective sites, seasonally during 2011-2012. Results showed the efficiency of Phragmites australis and  Typha domingensis roots in the accumulation of HMW-PAHs, which were recorded (69.9 and 35.67 ng.g^-1  dry weight DW) during winter and spring whereas these values were (21.8 and 38.7 ng.g-1 ) in shoots samples during

The research aimed to know the communicational sources used by agricultural Agent to transfer agricultural information for rice farmers in AL- Abbbassia of Najaf Al- Ashraf province and determine the most important extension means and method used by the agent in his contact with farmers. A questionnaire is designed to collect data included three scales to measure communicational sources (personal methods , collective methods, and mass media methoda ), The research community was farmers associations in AL-Abbassia cultivation section (11) association, The sample was farmers associations (36%) which were ( AL-Sadr, Iraq, Murtatha, and mohamed massa

The objective of this research to determine the knowledge level of the agriculture extension managers in the strategic management, To achieve the aims of this study we used a questionnaire included with a quadrant scale and consists of 75 paragraph for the managers of the middle zone and the executive directors, distributed in 12 sectors ( Concept, the importance, aims, types of strategies, level of strategies, Vision Characteristics, Mission Characteristics , strategic analysis, strategy formulation, strategy application, adjustment of the strategy, role and duties of the strategic manger). A random samples of 50 managers and vice managers have been taken from the middle zone of Iraq (Baghdad, Babylon, Najaf, Karbalaa, Wasit, Dy

A field trial was conducted  in Silt loam soil at  Al-bu-Farraj, northen Ramadi, 110 km west of Baghdad) , to study the effect of fertilization with macro and micronutrients on growth and yield of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Randomized complete block design with three replicate was used. Four fertilizer formulations from  nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium i.e. A0 (0,0,0) , A1 (80, 80, 80) , A2 (120, 120, 120 and A3 (160, 160, 160) kg.ha^-1 were applied. Four concentrations of nutrient solution( B0,B1,B2,B3) (0 , 0.5 , 1 , 1.5) g.L^-1 were foliar applied.Results showed no significant difference among treatments regarding plant height. Leaf area , mean head weight and yield were signifi

 The high marketing margins for fruit crops and lower marketing efficiency in  the province of  Baghdad was the target of  the study and appreciation it and estimate the relative importance for its as well as marketing costs and measuring  Marketing Efficiency for fruit crops studied in the province of  Baghdad during the study period 2014/2015.The search has dealt with the evolution of  economic indicators for the marketing  efficiency of the fruit crops studied  in  the province of Baghdad during the period of the study it was found that the relative importance of absolute margin catalog between the producer price and  consumer price  represents a high proportion of wh

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dept. , College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib at season (2014) to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on growth and yield of cowpea. (Ramshorn C.v.) Seeds are sown at two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also included the use of four concentrations of Boron (B), which were; (0, 50, 100 and 200) mg. L^-1 and  three concentrations of Carbo lizer; (c) (0, 1,25 and 2,5) cm³.L^-1 sprayed at three times; (30, 45 and 60) days after sowing. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental design RCBD and it is adopted in three replacement

This study was depend to select Pseudomonas aeruginosa A3 as a good producer of rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant after screening on agar plate where it was able to biosynthesize 4.3 g/L with emulsification index 52% and reducing the surface tension of water to 33.2 mN/m. Therefore, this study was aimed to increase the production of biosurfactant from selected isolate by exposure to several physical and chemical mutagenic factors like gamma radiation, nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methane sulfonate and lithium chloride. The results were shown that 0.2 g/L of nitrosoguanidine was the best mutant for increasing the production to about 2 folds (9.4 g/L) after 15 mins exposure to this material, as well as the emulsification index and

The experiments were conducted during two fall season and two winters (2010 and 2012), at Grdarash Research Station in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Four winter crops were chosen Wheat, Canola, Pea, Broad bean as well as Fallow plot. These crops were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during both winter seasons. Maize was planted during the fall seasons succeeded by winter crops. Some field characters were recorded for each winter and fall maize crops during the four growing seasons. The result revealed that all the characters value of winter crops were decreased. The  reduction were in 2011-2012 season about 58.92% in wheat number of tillers 45.20% and 57.67% in plant height and yield in

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dep. / College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib on season  2014   to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on the productivity and quality of cowpea seeds. Ramshorn c.v. Seeds are sowed on two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also includes the use of four concentrations of Boron: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg. L^-1 Which Symbolized B1,B2,B3 and B4 and three concentrations of Carbo lizer; 0, 1.25 and 2.5 cm³.L^-1 Which Symbolized C1,C2 and C3. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental with in R

There is no doubt that Agricultural Policy is the main responsible for the degrading in Agricultural sector in Iraq during the period 2003-2013, and that was very clear from magnitude of indicators because of little sharing of each of agricultural product in GDP  because it was (9.38%) in average during the study period and the annual changing of it was negative (-5.82%), and there is increasing in deficit of trade balance in Agriculture during the study period about (4185.73) million US$, and the percentage of agricultural exports from total exports was (0.14%) in average only. The foreign trade policy in Agricultural products also cannot determine map of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of Agricultural products and cro

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients that directly or indirectly affect all biological processes. It is a key component of energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and membranes. Phosphorus deficiency is considered to be one of the major limitations for crop production particularly in low-input agriculture systems around the world and nearly 80% of applied mineral P may be retained in the soil.  Roots provide an interface for P moving from one living system—the soil—into another living system—the plant. Microbial processes in soil are important for the distribution of P between various inorganic and organic P fractions and subsequently for the potential availability of phospha

The present paper addresses cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using airlift photobioreactor that sparged with 5% CO 2 /air. The experimental data were compared with that obtained from bioreactor aerated with air and unsparged bioreactor. The results showed that the concentration of biomass is 0.36 g l -1  in sparged bioreactor with CO2/air, while, the concentration of biomass reached to 0.069 g l -1  in the unsparged bioreactor. They showed also that aerated  ioreactor.with CO2/air gives more biomass production even the bioreactor was aerated with air. This study proved that application of sparging system for  ultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using either CO2/air mixture or air has a significant

   Arabian horses are regarded as the most famous breed for speed for long distances due to their genetic superiority. The aims of the study were to focus on the effect of different running speeds on the muscular tissues (Myoglobin, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase), lactate dehydrogenase and synovial fluid (creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase). Non-trained eight local Iraqi Arabian horses were run on soil track for a distance (1) Km, walking, trot, canter, and gallop. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected before and after running. The biochemical parameters of serum showed gradual increase according to each type of speed. All of them were significant at P≤0.01. The biochemical p

This paper reports the results of X-ray diffraction mineralogical and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of the shale units in the Devonian-early Carboniferous Kaista and Ora formations from northern Iraq. The mineral composition is uniform throughout the studied succession, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and palygorskite form the main clay mineral assemblage while quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite form the non-clay fraction of the studied shales. Kaolinite dominates over illite in the Kaista shale, whereas, illite and chlorite with common palygorskite dominate over kaolinite in the Ora shale. The clay mineral assemblage is largely of detrital origin and indicates rather cool and/or dry climatic conditions favouring m

لا يختلف المجتمع العراقي عن كثير من الشعوب فهو يميل للاستقرار والالتصاق بوطنه ، كما يحول وجود الثروات النفطية والزراعية الضخمة دون التفكير بالهجرة بحثاً عن لقمة العيش وطلب الرزق ، الا ان ما يلاحظ وجود هجرات ترافق الحدث السياسي مهما كان طفيفاً ، فالتغيرات الإدارية شأنها شأن الانقلابات والثورات غالباً ما تؤدي إلى حملات تهجير واعتقال لمجاميع كبيرة من الناس ، وهو ما حصل للعديد من فئات الشعب المختلفة في ظل سياس

يتناول البحث احدى اهم الانظمة التعليمية الاكاديمية في العراق وهو شروط قبول الطلبة في كلية الآداب لجامعة بغداد, وكذلك اعداد الطلبة, اذ تم التطرق فيه الى الية قبول خريجي طلبة الاعداديات في عموم العراق في الكلية ومقدار المعدل للقبول في اقسامها, فضلاً عن الاليات الاخرى التي ترافق المعدل في القبول مثل المقابلة الشخصية والامتحان في بعض الاقسام, وتقرير بحسن السيرة والسلوك. ويوضح البحث اعداد الطلبة الذين قبلوا في ا

تعد دراسة لغات بلاد الرافدين القديمة وقراءة نصوصها المسمارية ذات أهمية كبيرة في التعرف على تاريخ بلاد الرافدين القديم وعلى المنجزات الحضارية الرائدة التي تحققت في هذا الجزء المهم من العالم القديم وخاصة في العصر البابلي القديم.

لقد تضمن البحث دراسة لثلاثة نصوص مسمارية غير منشورة محفوظة في المتحف العراقي ترجع الى مدينة لاكابا من العصر البابلي القديم، و تحديدا الى أيام حكم الملك  سمسو-ايلونا (1749-1712ق.م)

اهمية البحث والحاجة اليه:

تعد الازمات التي تمر بها المجتمعات لفترات زمنية طويلة عاملاً مساعداً على تشكيل انسان تكون قيمه ومعتقداته وسلوكياته تختلف عما هو سائد في المجتمع ويعود سبب ذلك الى استمرار تعرض المجتمع لمزيد من الضغوط مما يجعل التنظيم الاجتماعي والنفسي يمر بحالة من الاضطراب (حسن، 1997، ص2) ، تظهر بصورة سلوك تملقي يمارسه الفرد للحصول على ما يريد وهذا ما بينه ابن خلدون في مقدمته ان من بين

A numerical technique is developed to predict both the transient and steady axisymmetric two-dimensional natural convection heat transfer for water as the working fluid in a vertical annulus enclosure of a fixed radius ratio (2) aspect ratio (1) and Rayleigh number ranging within (103 ≤Rad≤106) for a fixed Prandtl number (Pr=7). Finite difference analogs of the Navier – Stokes and thermal energy equations are solved in the stream function – vorticity frame work. The results obtained are
presented graphically in the form of streamline, vorticity and isotherm contour plots. A correlation has been set up to give the average Nusselt number variation with Rad and for which the results are found to be in good agreement with previo

This study investigates the possibility of using waste plastic as one of the components of expired lead-acid batteries to produce lightweight concrete. Different percentages of lead-acid battery plastic were used in the production of lightweight concrete. The replacements were (70, 80 and 100%) by volume of the fine and coarse aggregate. Results demonstrated that a reduction of approximately 23.6% to 35% in the wet density was observed when replacement of 70% to 100% of the natural aggregate by lead-acid battery plastic. Also, the compressive strength decreased slightly with the increase in plastic content at different curing ages of 7, 28, 60, 90, 120 days. The lowest value of compressive strength was (20.7 MPa) for (wa

This research aims to identify the cognitive distortion of kindergarten children and its relationship to their parenting reinforcement. The researcher used the descriptive approach, being the closest to reaching the study objectives, To measure the relationship between the research variables, the researcher prepared two questionnaire tools for this purpose, the first for measuring "cognitive distortion", And the second is to measure "parental reinforcement", and each tool consisted of (20) items.                         

After ensuring the validity and reliability of the two research tools and their suitabi

The child realize that the meals time provide golden opportunities to get the attention the child needs. However, many difficulties that may appear about eating food can be avoided, if the family used the right way in dealing with this problem. The study aims, in this case, at searching for the reasons that lies behind the child's obstinacy in eating his food and the attempt to study some variables that is related to the research topic.

The results are summed up as follows:

• The number of the sample children is 3 of both sexes between the ages of 3 to 6 years

تعرف الجريمة الاقتصادية بأنها (كل عمل أو امتناع يقع مخالفا للقانون الاقتصادي إذا نص على تجريم ذلك العمل او الامتناع، حيث يدخل في القانون الاقتصادي كل نص ينظم انتاج أو توزيع أو استهلاك السلع والخدمات).

كما تعرف الجريمة الاقتصادية بأنها (مخالفة القوانين واللوائح المعمول بها في بلد ما والمقصود منها حماية الاقتصاد القومي بأوسع معانيه أو اي عمل او امتناع عنه يؤثر بدوره في كيان البلد الاقتصادي.

وتعرف ايضا

Chilled ceilings systems offer potential for overall capital savings. The main aim of the present research is to investigate the thermal performance of the indirect contact closed circuit cooling tower, ICCCCT used with chilled ceiling, to gain a deeper knowledge in this important field of engineering which has been traditionally used in various industrial & HVAC systems. To achieve this study, experimental work were implemented for the ICCCCT use with chilled ceiling. In this study the thermal performances of closed wet cooling tower use with chilled ceiling is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Different experimental tests were conducted by varying the controlling parameters to investigate their effects

من أجل وصف الاستجابة المناعية في الفئران المصابة تجريبيا ببكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa المسببة لالتهاب الضرع والتي تم معالجتها بمستخلصات المعززات الحيوية bifidocin و  cazacin لبكترياBifidobacterium spp. وLactobacillus casei. تم تقييم مستوى انترفيرون- كاما وعامل التنخّر الورمي-ألفا في الدم باست