يعد النفوذ غير المشروع عيباً من عيوب الإرادة في القانون الإنكليزي، وهو تأثير مهيمن يتمتع به الطرف القوي صاحب النفوذ، يمكنه من ممارسة ضغط غير مشروع على الطرف الضعيف المتأثر بالنفوذ، لغرض حثه، وإذا تطلب الأمر إجباره على إبرام عقد والدخول في صفقة خلافا لإرادته، وهو من المبادئ الإنصافية التي يرجع أصلها إلى قواعد العدالة والإنصاف، والتي استنبطتها وطبقتها محاكم الإنصاف  الإنكليزية، والتي بمقتضاها كانت تبطل

The aim of this work is to enhance the mechanical properties of the glass ionomer cement GIC (dental materials) by adding Zirconium Oxide ZrO₂ in both micro and nano particles. GIC were mixed with (3, 5 and 7) wt% of both ZrO₂ micro and nanoparticles separately. Compressive strength (CS), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), Vickers Microhardness (VH) and wear rate losses (WR) were investigated. The maximum compression strength was 122.31 MPa with 5 wt. % ZrO₂ micro particle, while 3wt% nanoparticles give highest Microhardness and biaxial flexural strength of 88.8 VHN and 35.79 MPa respectively. The minimum wear rate losses were 3.776µg/m with 7 wt. % ZrO₂ nanoparticle. GIC-contai

Islam embraced the history of women in the field of religious knowledge and other knowledge. They were able to seek knowledge in order to leave a mark in their field of specialization, and the state of the lawyers (v. 377 AH / 987) was one of them. And knowledge of the jurisprudence, so I knew the people and save them and reference to the Baghdadis at the time in a lot of accountability, and this research is only an attempt to track the course of her life or scientific career and social status and impact in the generations to come

تحيا الأمم بتراثها فهو الأساس الذي تنطلق منهُ، وما من أمة إلاّ ولها تراث، وهو سر حياتها وديمومتها ، فالأمة العربية الأسلامية لها تراث تليد التي تشرفت بحمل أقدس رسالة سماوية وأكملها لأمم الأرض، فكانت نبراساً أهتدت به البشرية حتى انتشلتها من واقعها المريض إلى أرغد عيش وأقوم خلق وأنبل نفس .

 This work deals with the reduction of residual stresses using cryogenic thermal treatment as all alternative to normal thennal treatment .The work was performed on

إنَّ التقدم الهائل في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي تجلَّى عنه تساؤلات حول كيفية حماية المحتوى الذي تنتجه هذه الأنظمة قانونيًا، ومن يمتلك حقوقه، إذ تتباين الآراء حول إمكانية منح الذكاء الاصطناعي شخصية قانونية، وهو مفهوم يعني الاعتراف به ككيان يكتسب بالحقوق ويُثقل بالالتزامات، غير أن هذا الطرح يواجه أزمات قانونية كُثر، أهمها غياب الإدراك والتمييز لدى الأنظمة الذكية، وهما من الشروط الأساسية لأي مسؤولية

يُخلص البحث للقول، أن البحث الموسوم (الإجراءات والقواعد القانونية المتخذة من قبل مجلس الأمن تجاه مشاكل العراق الدولية بعد عام 2003، انطلق من إشكالية تتمثل في كيفية التمييز بين القرارات الصادرة عن مجلس الأمن من حيث مدى إلزاميتها ومدى التمايز بين التقديرات السياسية والمعايير القانونية للدول الأعضاء في مجلس الأمن في إجراءات المجلس وقراراته تجاه حالات معينة ومثلما حصل مع العراق قبل وبعد عام 2003، ومن اجل الإجابة

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Registry aims to identify international patterns in NSTEMI management in clinical practice and outcomes against the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without ST-segment-elevation.

In this research, iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles were doped with 5% mol of metallic material silver (Ag) and non-metallic material sulfur (S) by a wet impregnation process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the shape and arrangement of the crystals. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to study the photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants by measuring the absorbance spectra of the Ag/Fe₂O₃ and S/Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle samples. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of pH on the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles. The pH of a 5ppm solution of methylene blue (MB) dye was changed to 3 and 8 using hydrochloric acid (HC

This Paper examines how the exchange rate influences price stability in Iraq using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. Monthly data covering the period from January 2004 to April 2022 are employed, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) used as the dependent variable and Exchange Rate (EX), Oil Prices (OILR), Money Supply (M2), Policy Interest Rates (IR), and Government Spending (GOSP) as independent variables. The ARDL bound test results confirm a long-run relationship between the exchange rate and price stability in Iraq; the results indicate that a more robust exchange rate is associated with higher price stability, emphasizing potential benefits from currency strength. The positive link between government spending and pric

The present study aim at preparing frusemide in liquid form suitable for oral use. This is achieved through preparing different liquid forms of frusemide. The frusemide liquid is prepared in the following forms: oral solution, syrup and elixir with intensity of 1, 0.4 and 0.8% weight /volume respectively and in combination with potassium carbonate, polysorbate 80, alcohol and phosphate buffer solution of pH8 to dissolve the frusemide in the above mentioned forms. The different forms of the prepared medicine have been stored in glass bottles that can provide protection against light and at 40, 50, 60⁰C for four months. Besides the pH has been checked to decide the period of validity. The results show that the expiration date of

         Certain cyclic amine derivatives of metronidazole via acetate spacer were prepared. Cyclic amines used are piperidine and piperazine to improve the physicochemical properties and reduce some of metronidazole side effects. This is believed to be done by modification of its structural features to get prodrugs with improved properties over that of metronidazole. The present work includes esterification of metronidazole with choroacetic acid, N-alkylation of the cyclic amines by the halogenated ester and characterization of their structures by spectral(UV and IR) and elemental(CHN)analysis.The melting points, degree of solubilities and partition coefficients were also determined. Both metronid

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a common disease that affects children’s kidneys and occurs due to a specific defect in the glomeruli, which leads to the leakage of protein into urine in large quantities. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), produced by bone, is essential for controlling the metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and phosphate, but it also requires the Klotho co-receptor to perform its function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether FGF-23 can be used as a biomarker to determine the likelihood of recurrent relapse as well as to differentiate between steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) treated with glucocorticosteroids. In this cross-sectio

In the dynamic e-commerce landscape, where online shopping has become a fundamental aspect of consumer behavior, a profound comprehension of the factors influencing brand loyalty is imperative for businesses striving to excel in the digital marketplace.This study aims to investigate the factors influencing brand loyalty of consumers in Viet Nam, with a specific focus on household appliance brands. Additionally, it seeks to elucidate the mediating role of customer satisfaction and brand trust in influencing brand loyalty. The study provides valuable information for developing effective brand strategies, helping strengthen customer loyalty, and increasing market share for home appliance brands. The research will employ a qualitative and qu

This study uses the performance of the discretionary estimation models by using a sample of listed companies in the Netherlands and Germany. The actual accounting framework provides a wide opportunity for managers to influence data in financial reporting. The corporate reporting strategy, the way managers use their discretionary accounting, has a significant effect on the company's financial reporting. The authors contribute to the literature through enhancement to these models to accomplish better effects of identifying earnings management as well as to present evidence that is particular to the Dutch and German setting.

For this, we followed the methodology of Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995) and Chan

The purpose of this research is to study the quality of scientific research at the University of Baghdad in light of scientific piracy and plagiarism of research and results and attribute it to others intentionally or unintentionally. Proactive writing such as stealing ideas or synthesizing the results of one another over others and its negative impact on the quality of scientific outputs and the reputation of educational organizations through an exploratory study in the faculties of the University of Baghdad, scientific and humanitarian. As for the aims of the study, it was determined by determining the negative impact of piracy on scientific research. A Likert five-point scale was used in this research. The research community c

The study of vegetative change of cities is one of the most important studies related to human life because of its direct correlation with the temporal conditions that occur. These include the economic problems that force people to move and look for job opportunities in the city, which leads to an increase in the population density of cities, especially for cities with an important economic and administrative location as in the capital city of Baghdad. In this study, the effect of the increasing in population density was analyzed on the urban planning of Baghdad city. The decreasing in vegetation was due to the increasing of urban areas on the outskirts of the city, which led to an increase in its area. Moreover, urban cities increased t

An effective two-body density operator for point nucleon system folded with two-body correlation functions, which take account of the effect of the strong short range repulsion and the strong tensor force in the nucleon-nucleon forces, is produced and used to derive an explicit form for ground state two-body charge density distributions (2BCDD's) and elastic electron scattering form factors F (q) for 19F, 27Al and 25Mg nuclei. It is found that the inclusion of the two-body short range correlations (SRC) has the feature of reducing the central part of the 2BCDD's significantly and increasing the tail part of them slightly, i.e. it tends to increase the probability of transferring the protons from the central region of the nucleus towards

The solar eclipse occurs at short time before the crescent birth moment when the moon near any one of moon orbit nodes It is important to determine the synchronic month which is used to find Higree date. The 'rules' of eclipses are: 

Y= ± 0.997  of Earth radius , the solar eclipse is central and 0.997 < |Y| < 1.026 the umbra cone touch the surface of the Earth, where Y is the least distance from the axis of the moon's shadow to the center of the Earth in units of the equatorial radius of the Earth.

A new model have been designed, depend on the horizontal coordinates of the sun, moon, the distances Earth-Moon (rm), Earth-sun (rs) and |Y| to determine the date and times of total solar eclipse and the geogra

In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and sawdust/epoxy composite (20:80) were mixed using a simple molding method with different ZnONPs concentrations of (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 %). The samples of the nanocomposites were characterized by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique to demonstrate the homogeneity of the prepared ZnONPs/nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was examined using the methylene blue (MB) dye as a pollutant solution, through evaluation of the efficiency of the prepared compound in the treatment of organic pollutants under illumination by sunlight. The photocatalytic results showed that after 240 minutes of exposure to sunlight, the sample prepared using (0.5 vol.% of ZnON

The use of antibiotics without prescription (self-medication) is growing globally and is associated with increased bacterial resistance, ineffective treatment and adverse reactions. This study aimed at assessing the practice of antibiotic self-medication in the Iraqi population. A cross-sectional study design was adopted in this work. The sample was comprised of 303 staff members from the non-medical colleges in Iraq. An online questionnaire was distributed between the 29^th of June to the 14^th of September 2021 to collect data including socio-demographic characteristics and questions about antibiotic self-medication. Most of the participants had a university degree and a moderate monthly income. The majority (88%) h

Purpose - This study relies on the descriptive and analytical approach through collecting and analyzing the necessary data, as this approach focuses on polling the opinions of the research sample and its directions, and aims to develop a model that studies the relationship between knowledge creation and organizational ambidexterity in Iraqi private banks and verifying its validity experimentally.

Design / Methodology / Introduction - A survey was conducted through a questionnaire form to collect data from a sample of (113) managers in private commercial banks. In addition, this study used the AMOS program and the ready-to-use statistical program package (SPSS V.25) to test the proposed hypotheses of the t

المقدمة

تمثل الأسعار تعبيرا" نقدياً لقيمة السلع والخدمات المقدمة للزبون، وتعد عملية التسعير من العمليات المهمة وذات الأثر البالغ على نجاح واستمرار منظمات الأعمال، نظراً لما لها من تأثير على المقدرة الربحية وإعادة توزيع الدخل القومي المخصص للاستهلاك، إذ أنه بتحديد الأسعار يستطيع الفرد أن يوزع دخله بين ما يعده ضرورياً من السلع وما يعد كمالياً.

وعموماً فإن لعملية التسعير م