This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Protection-College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during 2015 -2016. The objective of the study is to investigate the contamination of the fungus Aspergillus niger in the seeds of peanuts and walnuts from the Iraqi local markets and the ability of these isolates to produce ochratoxin A in artificial medium. Forty samples of peanuts and walnuts were collected from local markets of the governorates of Baghdad, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah , Anbar and Dyiala for isolation test of  A. nigar. Results showed that A.niger was founded in the samples of walnuts from Erbil at percentage of 50% and 42.8% in the samples of peanuts from Baghdad ,and 40 % in

A factorial experiment within randomized complete block design (RCBD) was coducted during 2016 to investigate the influence of foliar application organic fertilizer "disper alghum" and growth regulator kt-30 on chemical content , endogenous hormone of young appel trees CV. "Anna". The trees were sprayed with organic fertilizer "disper alghum" was three levels (D) : (0 , 3 , 5 g.L^-1) , and growth regulator KT-30 at four levels (K) : (0 , 5 , 10 , 20 mg.L^-1) . Foliar application of organic fertilizer D5 (5 g.L^-1) gave significantly higher values of the total chlorophyll content in l

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of explant type and some plant growth regulators on culture initiation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro. The experiments included surface sterilization and test two types of explants (shoot tips and stem nodes) and the impact of KIN and BA and IAA and IBA in the cultures initiation. Results revealed the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for disinfestation of explant at 0.050% concentration giving less contamination for shoot tips and stem nods (10% and 20% respectively). Results showed that shoot tips inoculated in MS medium plus KIN at 0.3 mg. L^-1

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using barley cultivated in different times on performance and carcass parameters of broilers. A total of 300 day- old chicks of Ross 308 strain was used. Chicks were randomly allocated for four treatments groups with 75 chicks per treatment and 25 chicks for each replicate. The four treatments was follows: T1, control (no barley added), T2, barley cultured for six days, T3 barley cultured for seven days and T4, barley cultured for eight days. Results showed that the significant (P<0.05) improvement in body weight, weigh gain, feed conversion, Feed conversion ratio, carcass yield without giblet, relative weights of heart, liver and gizzard as well as ,re

The objective of this study was to evaluation the efficiency of  Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and some species of  Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to control Fusarium chlamydosporum fungus causing agent of decline date palm off-shoots. The isolation and identification results  showed presence of F. chlamydosporum fungus from infected roots of infected palm trees and its major causing agent of diseases. The results  appeared  Pseudomonas fluorescens , Azotobacter chroococcum and Azosperillium sp. have high antagonism of pathogen under laboratory conditions. T

Laboratory studies was conducted in Biocontrol unit- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Baghdad in order to determine the impact of different temperatures  15,  20,  25, 30 and 35 ±2 C°  on the development and growth rate of  different stages of mealy bug P.citri. The results showed that the total developmental time from (egg - adult)of the mealy bug were  24.0, 28.08, 39.67 and 73.31 days  respectively. With significant rearing differences on temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 ±2  C°  respectively, while no development and growth rate on temperature  35±C°.

Laboratory studies was conducted in Biocontrol unit- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Baghdad in order to determine the impact of different temperatures  15,  20,  25, 30 and 35 ±2 C°  on the development and growth rate of  different stages of mealy bug P.citri. The results showed that the total developmental time from (egg - adult)of the mealy bug were  24.0, 28.08, 39.67 and 73.31 days  respectively. With significant rearing differences on temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 ±2  C°  respectively, while no development and growth rate on temperature  35±C°.

This research was conducted at the fields of College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during spring  and fall seasons 2017 to study the effect of addition methods of Neem leaves extract and organic fertilizer in the productivity and quality of two potatoes cultivars. The experiment was carried out using split plot arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replicates. The experiment included two Potato cultivars ,Burren (V1) and Riviera(V2) as the main factors and nutritional treatments as follow: control treatment T1, Recommend fertilizer T2, cows manure 5% of soil weight T3, irrigation with cows manure  T4, cows manure 5%of soil weight+recommend chemical fertilizer T5, Spraying the Neem leave

Fig moth E. cautella, considered the most serious pests infest dates and cause economic losses in the field and warehouses in Iraq which produces between 600-700 thousand tons of dates annually. In order to reduce this damage, different pest control methods are used, and mixed radiation considered one of the newest and innovative way to control the Moth that attack stored dates. This research has been done in Nuclear Laboratory of Edu. For pure Sci. / Ibn al-Haitham in 2016, three boxes for each irradiation dose, each one contain 10 date fruits. Dates. Zahdi variety artificially infested by eggs of Ephestia cautella. Eggs and larvae of insect exposed to different doses of gamma

A field experiment was carried out during two winter season 2013, 2014 at the field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to study the effect of seeds soaking with Gibberellic acid and foliar with Abscisic Acid on the growth, yield, and content of Anise oil seeds using factorial experiment within RCBD design with three replicates. The seeds was treated within GA₃ were soaked with two concentrations of  30, and 60 mg. litter^-1 in addition to without soaking and the code has been B₀ , B₁ , B₂ overlapped these transactions with two concentrations of Abscisic Acid  3, and 6 mg. litter^-1 in addition to without foliar

The precise extracting, studying, and interpretation of watershed morphometric database is the constitutional adobe for watershed accurate geomorphological comprehension building. In this work a new approach was adopted by utilizing three different schemes to extract morphometric database, in each scheme the principle of data integration used to define the optimum algorithm for database building; then after extraction; Principle of geographical information intersection applied to form factual geomorphological comprehension for the studied region. In the first scheme according to streams profile it was obvious that geomorphological age decrease with stream order increment (the period generally decrease when oncoming to the watersh

This experiment was carried out at the apple orchard - College of Agricultural Engineering Science - University of Baghdad during the growing seasons 2017 and 2018.  A factorial experiment was conducted within a Randomized Complete Block Design using three replicates and two factors, factor (S) which stands for trees sprayed with potassium silicate as a source of silicon at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L^-1), while factor (C) represents trees sprayed with a Calcium and Boron combination using three concentrations (0, 0.5 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA +10 mg L^-1 B, and 1 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA+20 mg L^-1 B). Main results showed that silicon had a significant effect on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassi

 The aim of this study to improve the growth, production, and fruits quality of cucumber, Two experiments were carried out. firstly; a field experiment to produce cucumber by the soilless culture system. This experiment was to study effect of nutrients solution (A₁, A₂), growth media (C₁, C₂, C_3, and C₄), and methods of flowering management (B₁, B₂, B₃ and B₄). Second experiment was conducted to study the effect of storage methods on the yield of 32 field treatments combination (ABC), for a week in four cases of storage as follows: S₁ repr

Some Limnological features (electrical conductivity, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, light penetration, turbidity, nutrients NO₂, NO₃, PO₄) were used in current study to monitor Al-Hammar marsh (Al-Naggarah and Al-Burgah) south of Iraq monthly sampling for one year. The mean range of the following limnological parameters were recorded: water temperature ranged between 11.1 to 33 C˚, electrical conductivity ranged between 2453.3 to 6100 µs/cm, salinity ranged from 1.16 to 3.3 ‰, pH ranged between 7 – 8.6, water depth ranged between 0.7 to 1.9 m, light penetration ranged from 70 to 200 cm, dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.67 to 10.03 mg/l, NO₂ ranged from 0.11 to 3.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to indicate the p

The objective of this study to investigating and predicting the hazardous effects of monthly Ferrin temperature on horticultural and agricultural products at the North bar of Iran. For this purpose, the first stage data were obtained for the whole station temperature over a period of 30 years. Then, using Anfis adaptive neural network model, the data were analyzed for prediction and prediction for the next 6 years. Then, to measure the land suitability of Iran's northern strip for cultivating based on the predicted data, two models of Vikor and Topsis were used. Both the Topsis and Vikor multivariate decision making models combined the minimum temperature of the stations well, but did not reflect well at the maxi

This study was carried out on Euphrates River, which is one of the main sources of water in Iraq to assess the water quality of Southeast of DhiQar province. Water samples were collected monthly and seasonally at three stations from October 2016 to September 2017. Eight parameters were analyzed, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total dissolved solid, hydrogen ion, turbidity, chloride and electrical conductivity. Monthly variations of water quality index were differing among months in three stations of study area in Euphrates River. The lowest value of WQI in station 1 was poor (1.32) in June, and the highest (2.30) in November, the value was indicated a good water. At station 2, WQI values ranged from 1.28 in

The results of numerical response showed to increasing rates of egg production for the predator female with prey density increases, noting of a positive correlation between the number of eggs lying by the female predator and prey density, Being 7, 13.1, 17 and 30 eggs/female during her life when making egg densities of prey 10, 20, 40 and 60 eggs/day during the period of development of Larval ages respectively.  Statistical analysis results have pointed to the moral differences between those rates at 0.05 probability level. Food conversion efficiency was marked by ECI also increases with increasing density of prey . Food conversion efficiency to  eggs by female predator increased  in high densities of prey compared

This study was aimed to detect  Entamoeba spp. in domestic dogs by using the microscopic method and PCR. The study includes collection of 100 fecal samples by visiting a small animal private clinics in Baghdad, at the period from January 2019 to February 2020.  The microscopical results showed the rate of infection at Entamoeba spp. was (15%).  Show a higher infection rate in females (15.55%)) than in males (14.54%)without significant difference (P.0>0.05). The Prevalence of Entamoeba related to age was (22%), (6%) in young and adult age respectively. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate of  Entamoeba  in dogs fecal showed 15% . Ten positive PCR pr

The goal of the current work was to use Nigella sativa seeds' free and immobilised peroxidase to degrade textile dyes that pollute the environment and water. The enzyme was extracted for 15 minutes using a 1:20 (w:v) ratio, sodium acetate buffer at 0.2 M, and pH 5.0 after the optimal conditions for extracting the enzyme from Nigella seeds were determined. This yielded the highest specific activity of the enzyme, 1750 units/mg protein. The enzyme was purified in two stages: sucrose concentration and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. With a 35% enzyme yield, the findings demonstrated a 2,8-fold increase in final purification folds. The entrapment method with Ca alginate was used to immobilise peroxidase, and the immobilisation ratio w

The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in some Iraqi hospitals and determine the most powerful methods for identification of MRSA, in order to achieve the, 278 samples were collected from different hospitals in Iraq in various intervals, 204 out of 287 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by conventional cultural methods and microscopic characteristics and 177 isolates are identified as MRSA by using HiCrome MeReSa Agar Base medium, but 154 of 177 (87%) isolates are methicillin resistance in sensitivity test. MRSA isolates were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and considered multidrug resistant (MDR) in percent of (94.9%). Touchdown PCR used to identify the isolates,

Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the

 A Restricted Selection Index was constructed to genetically evaluate animals using a dataset composed of body weights of Shami kids at the ages of birth, weaning, and 6-month. The variance-covariance matrix (VCV) was generated and used to estimate genetic parameters for the index construction after adjusting the fixed effects; year, birth month, kid sex, type (single, twin or triplet) of birth, doe age, weights at kidding (KW), birth (BWT) and weaning (WWT) as covariates. General Linear Model and Restricted Maximum Likelihood methods were used to estimate BLUE for fixed effects and variance components for random effects, respectively. BW was 3.6

The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of curcumin in both formulas (supplement and standard), zinc, and then use them together to show their effect on the levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in the model of female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using 1mg/kg/day of letrozole for 21 days followed by a treatment period of 14 days including different treatments of zinc 30 mg/kg, curcumin standard 200 mg/kg, curcumin supplement 200 mg/kg, (curcumin standard plus zinc), (curcumin Supplement plus zinc) and metformin as a standard treatment. After the treatment, all female rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected from the inferior vena cava

The objective of this study was to investigate the prophylactic roles of human enteric derived Lactobacillus plantarum L1 (Ll) and Lactobacillus paracasei L2 (L2), on EHEC O157:H7 infection in rodent models (In vivo). The Lactobacillus suspensions (L1 and L2) were individually and orally administered to experimental rats at a daily two consecutives of 100 μl (10⁸ CFU/ ml/rat) for up to two weeks.  Thereafter, on the 8^th day of experiment rats were orally challenged with one dose infection of EHEC (10⁵ CFU/ml/rat). Animals mortality and illness symptoms have been monitored. There was no fatal EHEC infection in rats that had been pre‑colonized with th

This study was aimed to investigate  the ability of Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberous L.) to absorb heavy metals in an oil-contaminated ecosystem.  The research was carried out in a  territory of the oil and gas pipeline  at the village of  Bytkiv of Nadvirna district.  Jerusalem artichokes were used for this study and planted on an area of 25 m².  The area of the experimental field in the village of  Maidan of Tysmenytsia district (control option № 1).  A

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower)

Based on the regulation (EU) No 2015/1107 in 8 July 2015, Willow (Salix alba) bark extract is a recent approved basic substance in Europe as a safe and effective environmentally friendly fungicide to be used in plant protection. Because of having indole butyric acid content, it is also used as a growth hormone to promote rooting in cutting propagation of wooden part in horticultural plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of willow extract and Ferbanat L (Bistep) on lettuce leaves. Bistep is an organic solution of nano fertilizer which is produced in Hungary and allowed as „Bistep plant conditioner”. Furthermore, the experiment evaluated their interaction on some bioactive compounds in different l

The objective of this work was to study the lamb’s growth, the carcass yield and composition and the importance of main organs of Berber lambs slaughtered at 4 or 6 months. The study concerned 40 lambs reared under motherhood. Lambs of the first group were slaughtered at the age of 4 months (4M) and the second at 6 months (6M). Slaughter body weights (BW), hot and cold carcass weights and organs were recorded. The carcass was cut out and dissected. The average BW at birth was 4.14 + 0.506 kg while the BW at slaughter was 22.86 kg + 3.40 and 31.51 + 3.50 kg for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. The average daily gain were 172 and 164g for 4M and 6M groups, respectively. Therefore, during 2months the lambs of 6

Collagen hydrolysates were obtained from catfish skin collagen hydrolysis using catfish collagenase, pepsin and trypsin individually and mixed for 15-300min. The degree of hydrolysis , antioxidant activity based on, DPPH radical-scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power (RP) for all obtained hydro lysates were studied , then the collagenase hydrolysate was (CH)  was selected to be evaluated for  antibacterial activity , functional properties including solubility, emulsification and foaming  properties besides the toxicity  . The highest values for RSA (72.5%) has been noticed when DH reached (24.30%) after 30 min. of hydrolysis by collagenase (CH). The water and oil holding capacities for this hydro l