The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of some toxic heavy metals such as (Cd, Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn,Cu,Fe,Co,As)by using the X-Ray fluorescence .in a total of forty-one samples of wheat grains which were (local, American, Australian, Canadian and mixing mills) samples collected randomly and seasonally from three silos in Baghdad ,also wheat flour collected from mills related to the manufactured of grains of each silo. The results showed that the levels of (Cadmium, Lead and Chromium) were surpassed the permissible safe limits according to FAO/WHO (2001).It was found that the highest concentration of cadmium detected in wheat flour in AL Dora silo for summer and spring seasons were 12.6mg/kg, as well as the high level of lead 1.0

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function. Ticagrelor treatment improves antioxidant properties in addition to its antiplatelet effects. This study investigated the impact of Ticagrelor treatment on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and other biochemical parameters in PAD patients. It also evaluated the potential diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of specific biomarkers based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Seventy individuals were categorized into healthy control (n=40), baseline PAD patients not on Ticagrelor (B-PAD, n=30), and same PAD patients after treated with Ticagrelor (A-PAD, n=30). Parameters measured included SOD concent

This study investigates the role of identity as a critical factor in mediating the relationship between local and regional politics within the broader context of international relations (IR). While identity is frequently acknowledged as a catalyst for political instability and conflict, its function in fostering interdependence across political levels remains underexplored, particularly through empirical research. To address this gap, the study adopts a quantitative methodology, drawing on theories of identity politics and interdependence. A structured survey was administered to assess public perceptions of identity's influence on international engagement and its bridging role between domestic and regional political dynamics. The fi

في هذه الدراسة ، تم ازالة المادة الدوائية الديكلوفيناك (Diclofenac) من المياه الملوثة عن طريق الامتزاز على البنتونيت المعدل. تم تغيير البنتونايت من مادة محبة للماء إلى كارهة للماء باستخدام بروميد الأمونيوم ثلاثي ميثيل هيكساديسيل (HTAB). استخدمت التجارب الدفعية لدراسة تأثير عدد من العوامل على كفاءة عملية الامتزاز. هذه العوامل هي: زمن التلامس ، ودرجة الحموضة (pH) للمحلول ، وسرعة الخلط ، وتركيز الملوث الأولي (Co) ، وجرعة

The study was conducted at the Dujail region, north of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2022, to identify the rate of downy mildew infection and the residues of Elite (fungicide) on the cucumber cultivated in the regular greenhouses compared to the greenhouse with three ventilation openings. The regular greenhouse was sprayed with Elite pesticide, twice; the 1^st treatment sprays was after 7 days of infection onset, and the 2^nd spray was 30 days after the 1^st treatment. The residuals of Elite were, then, estimated. In regards to the 2^nd greenhouse, three ventilation openings were made after the first observation of the disease. The average temperatur

The large number of failure in electrical power plant leads to the sudden stopping of work. In some cases, the necessary reserve materials are not available for maintenance which leads to interrupt of power generation in the electrical power plant unit. The present study, deals with the determination of availability aspects of generator in unit 5 of Al-Dourra electric power plant. In order to evaluate this generator's availability performance, a wide range of studies have been conducted to gather accurate information at the level of detail considered suitable to achieve the availability analysis aim. The Weibull Distribution is used to perform the reliability analysis via Minitab 17, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by approaching o

This study was conducted at the biological control laboratories of the Department of Plant Protection /College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad to evaluate the effect of three numerical densities, 25, 50, and 100 of the first instar nymphs of the mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis, on the predatory efficiency and development and growth rates of Exochomus nigromaculatus. The results of the study showed that there was an inverse relationship between the increase of numerical densities of the prey provided and the development and growth rates of the predator. Also, in this result it was recorded that the shortest growth time of

A disturbance in the equilibrium of oral microbiota may represent a leading cause of poor oral hygiene. Dysbiosis of the microbiota is the main cause of inflammatory illnesses, known as periodontitis. Communication between Streptococcus spp. and other oral bacteria could be relevant, and therefore, indicators of different forms of periodontitis. The current study aimed to investigate the association between certain Streptococcus spp. with poor oral health and developing periodontal disorders. A total of 166 samples were collected from individuals attending Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialties and Specialized Dental Centers in Baghdad, Iraq. S. mutans, S. sanguis

Robot manipulator is a multi-input multi-output system with high complex nonlinear dynamics, requiring an advanced controller in order to track a specific trajectory. In this work, forward and inverse kinematics are presented based on Denavit Hartenberg notation to convert the end effector planned path from cartesian space to joint space and vice versa where a cubic spline interpolation is used for trajectory segments to ensure the continuity in velocity and acceleration.  Also, the derived mathematical dynamic model is based on Eular Lagrange energy method to contain the effect of friction and disturbance torques beside the inertia and Coriolis effect. Two types of controller are applied ; the nonlinear computed torque control (CTC

This current study was built on creating four electrodes based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). As the template using Cefalexin (CFX), 1-vinyl imidazole (VIZ) and vinyl acetate (VA) as monomer, and N, N-methylene bis acrylamide (MBAA) as cross-linkers and benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, two MIPs were prepared. The same composition was used in non-impressed polymers (NIPs) preparation, but without the template (Cefalexin). For the membranes preparation, numerous plasticizers, such as tri-oly phosphate (TOP) and di-octyl phthalate (DOP), were used in the PVC matrix, slop, detection limit, lifetime, and linearity range of CFX-MIPs electrodes are characteristics &nb

This study was conducted to determine the validity of three species of frozen fish imported to Iraq. A comparison was made between the status of whole fish and fillets of the same species, and then a comparison was made among the three species of fish: seabream Sparus aurata, seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and tuna Tunnus alalunga, depending on some oxidation tests of frozen fish samples, included determination of free fatty acids (FFA) mg/100 mg fat, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) mg / 100g^-1 meat, peroxide value (PV) meq Kg^-1 meat, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) mg MDA Kg^-1

The aim of the research is to identify the role of agricultural extension in enabling vegetable farmers to face climate change in Iraq in general, and in each of the following research roles : ( The planning role, The role of capacity development and improvement includes:{ agricultural extension workers, vegetable farmers}, the media role, The role of coordination and partnership, The role of encouraging innovation, The role of disseminating modern technologies, The role of organizing farmers, The role of follow-up and evaluation), To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire consisting of (72) paragraphs distributed over (8) areas was designed , and then its design procedures were completed in terms of honesty and con

This study was initiated at the Organic Agriculture center/ Department of plant protection– Ministry of Agriculture, to assess the efficacy of some Eco-friendly materials individually or in an integration to control Fusarium rot root disease in melon caused by Fusarium solani. Results of greenhouse condition showed that combination treatment CaSiO₃ + Trichoderma harzianum + FeSO₄ was the best decreased disease incidence and severity to 0.00 and 0.00 % respectively compared with control (pathogen only) caused 86.67 and 77.70% respectively but not signification differences neither CaSiO₃ alone and CaSiO₃+ Trichoderma harzianum treatments, besides, it increased

The purpose of this study is to identify some demographic factors that affect consumer behavior towards food health and safety in Baghdad Governorate. For this purpose, the descriptive analysis method was used to identify these factors and their impact by collecting information from a questionnaire that included some questions to determine consumer behavior towards food health and safety. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of the community, consisting of 144 individuals from the Karkh and Rusafa areas in Baghdad. The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences between males and females in their behavior towards food health and safety, it was found that the age factor affects consumer b

         alpha-lactalbumin (α-Lac) is a crucial protein in several biological procedures like a strong antioxidant and prospective cancer therapy, This study was aimed to isolate, pacificate, and characterize α-lactalbumin α-Lac from Iraqi camel milk sourced from new local camel farms in Samawah Govermanate, southern Iraq. purified step done by ion exchange chromatography through DEAE-cellulose column and gel filtration chromatography through Sephadex G-100 column, the purification fold and yield were (58.20 time and 82%) respectively.  The purity of α-Lac to homogeneity was examin

The aim of this study to investigate the microbial load and type of preservative for the types of yogurt available in the Iraqi market to ensure the safety of food provided to the consumer and protect through examining the types of yogurt from harmful bacteria as well as to contain ratios acceptable to yeasts and molds is to find out by comparing models curd careless Iraqi standard quality(ISQ) and see how they conform to these specifications have been collecting 12 brands of yoghurt types it was been (Kala, Activia 1, Activia 2, Mazia, Shelan, Aib, Mersin, Morsi, Al-Safi, Zabady, Zakho, Arbil). Bacteriological tests were conducted on samples of yogurt (total bacterial count, coliform count, counting yeasts and molds). The results showed

The objectives of this study revolve around identifying the extent of funding impact on the future of the printed Iraqi press, and whether it threatens their chances of survival, stating the extent of technological development on the income of the printed newspaper, and identifying the causes of the financial crisis on the newspaper.
This research is classified as descriptive research, and the researcher used the survey method, and adopted the questionnaire of the views of the contactors, in five Iraqi newspapers (morning - extent - time - the way of the people - the call).
The research community included (68) respondents, whereby the comprehensive inventory method was used to define the research community, and the researcher used

The study was carried out to study the quality of 7 samples of imported frozen chicken that are available in locally markets. These samples were collected from Baghdad markets in June 2010. The results were showed that the all samples were not content the name of company and batch number one the labeling, while the microbial test refer to found contamination in all samples, but it in the limited of Iraqi standers specification for frozen chicken, also note Staphylococcus aureus in all samples, the samples C1 and C2 have Salmonella ohio, while not observe Coliform bacteria in all samples.

نفذت التجربة في أحد حقول دائرة البحوث الزراعية التابعة الى وزارة الزراعة في ابي غريب في شهر العاشر لسنة 2022 لغرض حساب التكاليف الجرار الكلية  نوع Renault  ودراسة تأثير ثلاث معدات مختلفة متمثلة بالمنعمة القرصية والهارسة والباذرة وثلاثة مستويات من الأعماق 5سم و10 و15 سم في أداء جرار نوع (

This study describes how fuzzy logic control FLC can be applied to sonars of mobile robot. The fuzzy logic approach has effects on the navigation of mobile robots in a partially known environment that are used in different industrial and society applications. The fuzzy logic provides a mechanism for combining sensor data from all sonar sensors which present different information. The FLC approach is achieved by means of Fuzzy Decision Making method type of fuzzy logic controller. The proposed controller is responsible for the obstacle avoidance of the mobile robot while traveling through a map from a home point to a goal point. The FLC is built as a subprogram based on the intelligent architecture (IA). The software program  uses th

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health issue that is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have found a link between uncontrolled diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with dyslipidaemia predicting glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), which could be a major contributor to type 2 diabetes complications and etiology.

Objectives: The objective of present study was estimate lipid profiles among control and uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients.

Subjects and Methods: Analytical case control based study, One hundred twenty participate were included in study, 70 patients with DM  as case group  refer to Abuagala Center and difference follow up diabetic center  and 50 non diabetic subjects taken as

The influence of the reaction gas composition during the DC magnetron sputtering process on the structural, chemical and optical properties of Ce-oxide thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed that all thin films exhibited a polycrystalline character with cubic fluorite structure for cerium dioxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that cerium is present in two oxidation states, namely as CeO2 and Ce2O3, at the surface of the films prepared at oxygen/argon flow ratios between 0% and 7%, whereas the films are completely oxidized into CeO2 as the aforementioned ratio increases beyond 14%. Various optical parameters for the thin films (including an optical band gap in the range of 2.25–3.

Drug-induced acute kidney injury is a serious disorder. Oxidative stress has a key role in its initiation and progression. In this study, the possible ameliorative effect of fimasartan against methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in comparison with α-tocopherol in rats. Wistar rats were allocated into six groups and treated as follows: group Ӏ received water on a daily basis for 8 successive days; group ӀӀ received methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on day 1, followed by water for 7 successive days; group ӀӀӀ received fimasartan (3 mg/kg/day) for 7 successive days; group IV received α-tocopherol (1 g/kg/day) for 7 successive days; group V re

The successive international changes in the economic, political, cultural and other fields resulted in many phenomena that occupied different levels of interest, and have been followed up, studied and analysed by specialists and researchers especially under the development of the media in the global communication.

Even though these phenomena had reflections in the communication domain like development and changes in the mechanism of behaviours between the international communities, they created in the meantime a phenomenon that caused an imbalance in the production, spread and the use of the informations that were supposed to be for fewer than 5 countries whereas it actually it is for more than 180 countries.

Aim of the study: Is to evaluate the effect of myrrh oil local application on the healing process of skin wounds histologically , histomorphometrically and , histochemically. Materials and methods:Twenty male white New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. An incisional wounds with full thickness depth and of 2 cm length were done on both sides of the cheek skin of each rabbit. The left sided incisions (the control group) were irrigated with distilled water (10µL). The right sided incisions (the experimental groups) were treated with myrrh oil (10µL). Each group was subdivided into 4 subgroups according to the healing interval into 1,3,7 and 14 days(5 rabbits for each group). Results: Histological findings of our current study s

A single step extraction-cleanup procedure using porous membrane-protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) in conjunction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the extraction and determination of aflatoxins (AFs) B1, B2, G1 and G2 from food was successfully developed. After the extraction, AFs were desorbed from the μ-SPE device by ultrasonication using acetonitrile. The optimum extraction conditions were: sorbent material, C8; sorbent mass, 20 mg; extraction time, 90 min; stirring speed, 1000 rpm; sample volume, 10 mL; desorption solvent, acetonitrile; solvent volume, 350 μL and ultrasonication period, 25 min without salt addition. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factor of 11, 9, 9 and 10 for AFG2, AFG1

A ‘locking-bolt’ demountable shear connector (LBDSC) is proposed to facilitate the deconstruction and reuse of steel-concrete composite structures, in line with achieving a more sustainable construction design paradigm. The LBDSC is comprised of a grout-filled steel tube and a geometrically compatible partially threaded bolt. The latter has a geometry that ‘locks’ the bolt in compatible holes predrilled on the steel flange and eliminates initial slip and construction tolerance issues. The structural behaviour of the LBDSC is evaluated through nine pushout tests using a horizontal test setup. The effects of the tube thickness, strength of concrete slab, and strength of infilled grout on the shear resistance, initial stiffness, and du

The performance and lifetime of the flexible asphalt pavement are mainly dependent on the interfacial bond strength between layer courses. To enhance the bond between layers, adhesive materials, such as tack coats, are used. The tack coat itself is a bituminous material, which is applied on an existing relatively non-absorbent surface to ensure a strong bond between the old and newly paved layer. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various types of tack coat materials on interlayer bond strength and to determine the optimal application rate for each type. The tack coat types used in this paper were RC-70, RC-250, and CSS-1h. Both laboratory-prepared and field-constructed hot mix asphalt concrete pavements usin