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This work studied the textural properties of three adsorbents using nitrogen adsorption–desorption at a constant low temperature (77 K). The adsorbents are (a) mesoporous silica (MS), (b) mesoporous silica modified with Fe₃O₄ (MSF), and (c) mesoporous silica modified with Fe₃O₄ and coated with deacetylated chitin (MSFDAC). The adsorption–desorption isotherm curve demonstrated that the studied adsorbents have a mesoporous structure of type IV, according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) classification. The obtained results show that the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm fits the data better than the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms

   Drilling operations in the Halfaya oilfield frequently encounter severe wellbore instability challenges. When navigating shale deposits, wellbore instability remains the primary operational concern. Based on the analysis of the wellbore instability intervals, low-strength shale and marlstone formations are identified as the principal unstable zones that lead to non-productive time and higher drilling costs. By planning a safe operating mud window, these non-productive times and drilling costs can be mitigated. Several wellbore instability concerns have been found in a southern Iraqi oil field. A problem-diagnostic technique was done by evaluating well log data, drilling reports, mud logging reports, and pore pressure readings.

     Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow, leading to impaired hematopoiesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in gene expression and cancer progression, including AML. This study investigates the expression of circRNA (hsa_circ_0001947) and its correlation with Transforming Growth Factor - β (TGF-β) serum levels in Iraqi AML patients. A cohort of 50 patients with AML and 40 healthy individuals was examined. The hsa_circ_0001947 expression was analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR, while serum TGF-β levels were measured using the ELISA technique. The results demonstrated a significant downregulat

     The annual pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) is a significant event for Iraqi society. Millions of Iraqis from all walks of life converge on the holy city of Karbala each year on the 20^th of the month of Safar. The sheer scale of such gatherings necessitates in-depth study. Various methodologies were employed in this field, including graph theory and network analysis, to determine the shortest routes pilgrims take from their governorates (places of residence) to the holy city of Karbala. All roads leading to the city are primary, secondary, international, and public transportation networks are considered. The objective is to identify the optimal route for the movement of large Crowds to ensu

يرمي البحث الحالي الى التعرف عن مشكلات  تدريس مادة التعبير والانشاء في المرحلة الجامعية وبالتحديد عند طالبات قسم اللغة العربية في جامعة بغداد لما للتعبير من مكانة لغوية مهمة كونها أعلى مستوى لغوي يصل اليه المتعلم لتحقيق هدف البحث أعدت  الباحثة استبانة المشكلات مكونة من (20 )  فقرة تم التأكد مـن صدقها و ثباتها واجرت الباحثة تطبيقها على عينة البحث البالغ حجمها ( 60  ) طالبة من طالبات قسم اللغة العربية في كلية

هدف البحث الى تعرف مدى استعمال الأساليب الالكترونية عند معلمي اللغة العربية ومعلماتها في المرحلة الابتدائية وقد اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي تألف مجتمع هذا البحث من معلمي اللغة العربية ومعلماتها للمرحلة الابتدائية، ومشرفي اللغة العربية ومشرفاتها في المدارس الابتدائية في المديريات التربية في محافظة بغداد وقد تألف المجتمع من (9403) معلمًا ومعلمةً، ومشرفًا ومشرفةً وبلغت عينة البحث من (300) معلم ومعلمة للغة

This study was conducted to identify the causal agent of root and stem rot in cucumber plants grown in open sandy soil and to control it both in the laboratory and in the field using silicon and urea. The isolation and diagnosis results revealed 39 isolates associated with the disease, including the fungus Fusarium redolens. Molecular diagnosis of the most Aggressive Isolate , FR342a and FR342b, confirmed their identification as F. redolens with 100% match to global isolates. Laboratory results showed that silicon-amended culture media at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungal F.redolens colony by 66-100%. where the concentration of 4%, 6% superiority with inhibi

This study was conducted at the Plant Protection Directorate / Technical Departments Complex in 2023 to identify the causal agent of white mold disease and evaluate the effectiveness of the fungicide Topsin M 70 and silicon oxide in controlling disease progression, infection rate, and severity. The results indicated that the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS5) isolate exhibited the highest pathogenicity, with an infection rate of 100% and a severity of 82.5%. DNA electrophoresis analysis of the SS5 isolate revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 550 bp, showing 100% similarity to globally registered isolates in the NCBI gene bank. The nucleotide sequences were registered under accession number OR497817. The application of n

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to produce and evaluate 30 triple cross hybrids generated by crossing ten single hybrids with five genetically diverse inbred lines. A field experiment was conducted using five inbred lines of maize: (1) NADH 102, (2) NASA 2022, (3) NAEL 2022, (4) NA 9928 E, and (5) NADH 2006. In the first spring season 2022, the genetic materials used by half-diallel crosses program to produce (10) single crosses. In the fall season, parental inbred lines and single crosses were subjected to a triple hybridization program. The results of this study revealed significant differences among the genotypes, of triple hybrid (2×5) ×3 produced the highest yield per unit area for both seasons at 23.41 and

Background: Small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are the two main types of lung cancer and major causes of cancer-related death worldwide.

Objectives: To compare serum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 levels between treated and untreated patients with small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, and healthy controls.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from December 2024 to June 2025. The study included 180 participants: 24 patients with small cell lung cancer, 96 with non-small cell lung cancer, and 60 healthy controls. Serum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 levels

Background: Neonatal Thrombocytopenia (NT) is defined as a platelet count of <150,000/microL and is classified as: Mild (platelet count 100,000- 149,000/microL), moderate (50,000- 99,000/microL), and Severe (<50,000/microL).  It is classified according to the time of presentation as: Early NT (occurs within the first 72 hours of life) and Late NT (occurs after 72 hours).
Objectives: To study the clinical and laboratory profiles of neonatal thrombocytopenia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad.
Methods: This single-center case series observational study was conducted from 1^st May 2022 to 30^th April 2

Background: Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, forms the basis for poliovirus eradication efforts and  provides useful data on non-polio enteroviruses, which are significant causes of acute flaccid paralysis in polio-free countries.   Non polio enteroviruses were the most common isolates from acute flaccid paralysis cases at this time, indicating sensitivity of surveillance and continued circulation of enteroviruses.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, epidemiologic trends and clinical features of non- polio enteroviruses among children with acute flaccid paralysis in Iraq, from 2018 to 2024, for improving surveillance sensitivity and complementary evidence-based public

The objective of this study was to examine the presence of the most crucial genes mrpI, ureC, and zapA associated with the virulence of Proteus species isolated from chicken meat and human sources, with the goal of better understanding how they spread via the food chain. Between March and September 2023, two hundred chicken meat samples were collected from local supermarkets, and 120 human urine samples were evaluated in Wasit province hospitals, Iraq. The study found that P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were isolated at a rate of 13 and 4%, respectively, from 200 chicken meat samples. However, the isolation rate in humans was 25 and 6.6%, with 30 and 8 isolates from 120 urine samples. Data revealed that contamina

Natural bentonite's potential as a sustainable solution for removing environmental contaminants makes it a promising candidate for addressing agricultural water quality challenges. This study evaluates whether natural bentonite can adsorb tetracycline (TC) from water-based solutions, offering a viable approach to improving water quality in agricultural settings. Under conditions of pH 7, 80 mg/L of tetracycline, 1 g/100 mL of natural bentonite, a 120-minute reaction period, 200 rpm of agitation, and a temperature of 25°C, the bentonite effectively adsorbed tetracycline. Analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and field emission scanning electron microscopy

Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurological condition that strikes an individual and gradually progresses, resulting in both motor and non-motor symptoms. The severity and progression of can be predicted by biochemical biomarkers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and degradation products, which are released into the cerebrospinal fluid and serum when astrocytes are injured.  Accumulating evidence suggests that Tau protein plays a major role in the pathological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of Tau and human glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP in patients with Parkinson's disease PD and subsequently compare th

Background: Uterine fibroids are a common gynecological condition that may cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on the nearby organs. Uterine artery embolization is a minimally invasive treatment that offers an alternative to myomectomy or hysterectomy. The procedure works by occluding the uterine arteries and reducing blood flow to the fibroids, which leads to ischemia and gradual shrinkage, thereby relieving the symptoms.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization in reducing the size of the uterine fibroids and alleviating the associated symptoms, and to compare treatment outcomes between International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics F

Background: Conventional isotretinoin dosing (0.5–1.0 mg/kg/day) for acne vulgaris achieves high efficacy, but is limited by significant adverse effects. Low-dose regimens (≤ 0.5 mg/kg/day) may offer an improved therapeutic ratio.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and relapse outcomes of a flexible low-dose isotretinoin protocol in Iraqi adolescents and young adults.

Methods: A prospective single-arm study involving 72 patients aged 14–25 years) with mild-to-severe acne vulgaris received isotretinoin 0.1–0.5 mg/kg/day for 16–20 weeks. The study was conducted at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Iraq, between January 2

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) is a common mental health condition where a person has obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. The worldwide prevalence of OCD is approximately 2% of the general population.
Objective: To assess prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in a sample of medical students in Iraq.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling method, was conducted on 414 Iraqi medical students during
the period from 1^st November, 2022 to 28^th February, 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire submitted online. The questionnaire consisted of two parts:

Background: Central obesity is a critical predictor of cardiometabolic risk, yet universally applicable waist circumference cut-offs are confounded by ethnic discrepancies

Objectives: To determine the optimal WC cut-off points for identifying central obesity in the Iraqi population and evaluate associated sociodemographic risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted utilizing data from 3,924 participants (1,600 males, 2,324 females) who underwent anthropometric assessment in the National Iraqi STEPWISE Survey of non-communicable disease risk factors. Central obesity was referenced against the WHO Body Mass Index criteria, BMI (30kg/m2). Receiver Operat

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of open-heart surgery, with a reported global incidence of 20-40%. Local Iraqi data on postoperative AKI incidence and predictors remain limited despite its designation as a 2025 Iraqi Ministry of Health perioperative research priority.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, severity, independent predictors, and short-term outcomes of AKI among adult patients undergoing open-heart surgery at a tertiary cardiac center in Iraq.

Methods: This single-center observational case-series analyzed 99 adults undergoing elective open-heart surgery at the Iraq Center for Heart Diseases, Baghdad, between January 2024 and D

Background: In accordance with DSM-5-TR, Depression is a common psychiatric disorder marked by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and impairment in everyday activities. Recent evidence shows that between 22% and 45% of international student’s experience depressive symptoms. There is limited information on the prevalence of depression among international medical students at the International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of depression among international medical students at the International Campus of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and to examine related factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was con

Background: While endometriosis has a high prevalence among women during their reproductive years, appendiceal endometriosis is an uncommon clinical condition that affects women, and it is mostly presented as acute appendicitis, and or similar to several other gynecological disorders.
​Case Presentation: A thirty-four years old female presented with symptoms of a one-day of acute right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain as well as a chronic history of abdominal pain and chronic recurrent pelvic pain. The physical and clinical assessment referred for laboratory, the findings suggested acute appendicitis, then admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital for  Laparoscopic appendectomy, and the specimen was sent fo

Background: Hypospadias is the second most common congenital malformation and may be classified according to the anatomical site of urethral meatus into distal, which accounts for about 70-80% of all hypospadias cases, and proximal, which is rare. There are multiple surgical options for the management of hypospadias. This study covers cases of distal hypospadias with two surgical options, which are urethral advancement and Glanuloplasty, and meatal advancement glanuloplasty.
Objectives: To compare the surgical outcomes and complications of urethral advancement and meatal advancement with glanuloplasty for the treatment of distal hypospadias.
Methods: Forty-three patients, 20 of

This study examined the effect of replacing local feed mixture with protein concentrate in broiler feed on production, histological, and microbial characteristics. The study was conducted on 200 one-day-old broiler chicks of Ross 308, randomly divided into four treatments, 50 chicks per treatment, with five replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. The control treatment (T1) was fed 5% protein concentrate, while the protein concentrate in the other treatments (T4, T3, T2) was replaced with protein concentrate in varying proportions (2%, 2.5%, 3%). The feed mixture contains several components, including the carrier materials, which are potato peels at a rate of 33%, and active materials, which are a group of amino acids represented by (meth

Groundwater depletion, climate change, and rising water demand are the primary challenges to the sustainable management of water resources in arid/semi-arid areas, such as Iraq. This study evaluates current models for groundwater and their performance and assesses the recent advancements in groundwater modeling techniques. It addresses that currently, numerical models, Artificial intelligence (AI), and remote sensing techniques are being implemented separately. Physically based models are widely used in groundwater modelling due to their reliable performance in simulating groundwater flow and transport processes. It was widely used in Iraqi and international groundwater studies, constituting 62% and 60% of groundwater st

Increasing carbon emissions pose a serious issue affecting the environment. Several methods have been proposed to reduce this phenomenon. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery EOR are among these methods, which typically involve injecting CO₂ into geological formations to store CO₂ or to enhance oil production. The effectiveness of these methods relies heavily on the interaction between CO₂, rock, and water.  This review summarizes most of the important studies that focused on the alteration of mineralogy, porosity, permeability, and wettability of the host rock, employing different methods such as core flooding and static soaking. Despite extensive research on CO₂–water–rock interaction

Cell-Free Massive MIMO is believed to be one of the most promising designs of future wireless networks due to its ability to provide more coverage, high reliability and improved spectral efficiency, while also supporting secure communication through distributed access point (AP) cooperation. However, secure downlink transmission in cell-free massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (CF-mMIMO) systems becomes challenging when an active eavesdropper (Eve) is located near the targeted user. To achieve high secrecy spectral efficiency (SSE) with a limited number of active APs and a restricted power budget under Nakagami-m fading and imperfect channel state information (CSI), a secrecy-oriented AP selection algorithm is propose