The study was conducted at the Greater Zab River at Aski-Kalak City in three stations during the period from November 2020 to October 2021.The lowest water temperature value was 9.2°C at January while the highest value was 30 °C during July 2021. Salinity values ranged between 0.21 at January to 0.49 g/l during July 2021. Dissolve oxygen was high which range between 12.5 and 5.2 mg/l during December 2020 and July 2021 respectively. A total of 2368 specimens with a total weight of 848.97Kg were collected. These fishes were represented by 28 fish species belong to 7 families.The dominance commercial fishes (15 species) were recorded with a total weight of 775.56 kg formed 91.35% of a total fish catches. While, non – commercial

تزخر بلاد الرافدين بالعديد من المواقع الاثرية المهمة والتي كان لها دورا كبيرا في مجريات الاحداث التاريخية سواء اكانت هذه المواقع موغلة في القدم كجرمو ونمريك والمصنع واور واريدو وغيرها من العديد من المواقع التي تنتشر على معظم انحاء بلاد الرافدين، او تلك التي هي غير موغلة في القدم والتي تمتد بالعصور ما قبل الاسلام والاسلامية وما بعدها ومنها موقع او مرقد نبي الله العزير، وبالتاكيد فان كل دراسة لابد لها ان تكو

ان هذا البحث الموسوم ب( المفهوم الديني للمعابد في بلاد الرافدين ) يعالج موضوع المعبد كأحدأشكال العمارة المرتبط أساسا بالمعتقدات الدينية.في حضارة بلاد الرافدين . على الرغم من قلة المعلومات عن أصول المعابد وظهورها الا أن ملامح المعتقدات الدينية بالدفن ظهرت في كهف شانيدر على جثث إنسان نياندرتال، ومع ترك الأنسان للكهوف واستقراره في القرى الموسمية ثم القرى الدائمية بعد توصله الى معرفة الزراعة. أذ أخذت بوادر الف

The corn leaf aphid is a major pest causes damage to a range of cultivated crops. Little is known about the population genetics of the species. In this experiment, we examined the population genetic structure of the Rhopalosiphum maidis based on nucleotide sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and microsatellite analysis. Thirteen microsatellite markers developed for related aphid species were tested for use with R. maidis. Nine loci were found to amplify in R. maidis. Of these, seven were polymorphic. Nucleotide sequencing showed low variation, with one haplotype dominating in the regions sampled and four other haplotypes, differing by only a single base, occurring at a low frequency. Micro

The compost product enhances soil quality, lowers erosion, and aids in the reduction of plant diseases without having a negative influence on the environment. The possibility for compost recovery from organic waste, fruit waste, agricultural residues, domestic garbage, and animal manure was examined in this study. These wastes are composted in a five-week aerobic -pile composting process. The temperature, pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N-ratio), nitrification index (NH4-N/NO3-N), and NPK (Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium( value of the finished compost were all measured both during and after the composting p

The present study was carried out to investigate immunopathological effect of foot and mouth disease vaccine against nosocomial infections, to achieve this goal different samples obtained from urine of hospitalized patient, the isolated bacteria were identified by cultural examination,  biochemical tests PCR. Twenty-four  mice were divided equally into three groups. The 1^st  group 8 mice  were immunized I/M with 0.1 ml of FMD vaccine, two dose with 14 days intervals, 2^nd group 8 mice was inoculated I/P with 0.5 from 3x10⁸ CFU/ml while 3^rd  group was inoculated 0.2 ml of phosphate buffer saline and served as control negative. At

This study was conducted to detect bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, using gamma interferon assay (GIA), and determine the prevalence in the governorate. The study was carried out among three groups of cattle: calves aged 6–12 months, heifers 13–24 months, and cows aged above two years. Bovine TB was detected by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the GIA, carried out on 404 cattle within the target population (31173) from different districts around the governorate. A TB prevalence rate of 8.9% was detected. The highest prevalence rate (10.5%) was in the cattle above two years of age, and the lowest rate (2.7%) was recorded in 6–12 m

Bacterial vaginosis, also known as BV, is a condition that is frequently associated with vaginal inflammation and can be caused by changes in the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiome. It is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. The goal of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance and the role of some virulence genes of E. coli isolates in the vaginosis of non-pregnant women (16–45 years old) as well as the stool of the same patient. A total of 160 samples were collected (130 vaginal swab samples and 30 samples from the stool). All isolates have been identified by MacConkey and Eosin methylene blue media, biochemical tests, and PCR detection of the UidA g

The current study focused on producing gelatin from ostrich bone and analyzing its chemical composition. It also studied the physical, chemical, and functional properties. The results indicated that gelatin contained protein, ash, and moisture in percentages of 82.13%, 3.32%, and 14.54%, respectively. Additionally, the gelatin had a high concentration of amino acids, as determined by amino acid analysis. The functional properties of the gelatin were identified using FTIR spectroscopy. The gelatin exhibited a gel strength of 259 g, which falls within the higher gel strength range of 200-300g. Furthermore, gelatin displayed positive values for dl (lighter/darker), da (redder/greener), and db (yellower/bluer). This indicated it had

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous Aloe vera on susceptibility to root fracture resistance (RFR) in human teeth subjected to endodontic preparation, and compare it with chemical irrigants (sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and SmearOFF). A total of 40 human maxillary first molars that were extracted and had a straight palatal root. These roots were distributed randomly based on the irrigation regimes (n=8): G1: Distilled water; G2: 3% NaOCl; G3: 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; G4: Smearoff; and G5: 90% Aloe vera, and then endodontically prepared using the ProTaper Next rotary system

The study aimed to improve potato plant productivity, roots growth biomass, and the efficiency of water utilization by using sustainable treatments .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split plot arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irrigati

This study aimed to assess the nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The parameters were nutritional components, phytochemical content, and aAntioxidant activity. K. alvarezii exhibited substantial nutritional value, with notable protein (15.3%) and carbohydrate (60.0%) content, along with essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant levels of polyphenols (20.0 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (5.5 mg QE/g), and tannins (3.0 mg CE/g), as well as noteworthy saponin (1.2%) and alkaloid (0.9%) contents. Antioxidant assays demonstrated strong activities, w

This research aimed to study the impact of the reciprocal cross and heterosis phenomena on numerous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) characteristics. Fifty-one different traits were measured, including leaf, shoot, root, flower, fruit, yield and yield components, and physiochemical characteristics. The results showed that reciprocal crosses, such as plant mass, petal length, cone length, pistil length, fruit width, fruit length, single fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, seed and placenta weight, number of fruits locules, fruit calyx weight, number of days to flower, total sugar, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic concentration, significantly influenced various traits. In addition, the results showed t

This study was aimed to possibility of applying three constructed wetlands units (based on the vertical subsurface flow mode-operation) for treating of simulated wastewater contained cadmium ions. Iraqi sand was the substrate used for packing of mentioned units; however, Canna indica and Typha domingensis can be planted in any two units to improve of cadmium removal while the last one remains free of vegetation. The pH, DO, temperature, and Cd values were monitored in the effluents for detention time (0.5-120 h) and metal concentration (5-40 mgl^-1) to estimate the performance of units. Results proved that the removal of cadmium ions can increase significantly for longer contact time a

This study was aimed to investigate data homogeneity, detect trend and changes in historical rainfall and forecast future rainfall pattern. Rainfall historical records taken from 22 gauging and non-gauging stations distributed all over Duhok governorate. The dataset includes long time series of monthly and annual rainfall totals (mm) from 1998 to 2020. To detect data variability, four different homogeneity tests were used. To analyze trends and sequential shifts in historical data, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied. Theil-Sen's slope estimator test was applied to calculate the magnitude of change over time. Rainfall forecasting was based on the Box-Jenkins methodology. The homogeneity test res

The estimation of genetic parameters of certain productive characters in different lines of quail is very important to make a breeding schedule for such lines of quail in the future. This study was carried out for three generations to estimate the response to selection, selection deferential, genetic, and phenotypic correlation between studied traits (growth and laying performance) and heritability estimates in two lines of Ukrainian quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total  of 120  Ukrainian  quails  from ) 500 ( quail birds   (base  population),  were 

The structure of fish community was evaluated before and after Aski-Kalak City at Greater Zab River, Erbil Province, Iraq during the period from November 2020 to October 2021. A total of 1582 specimens belonged to 25 fish species were collected and reached to 570 Kg of total weights. These fish were mostly belonging to Cyprinidae family and one for each Mugilidae, Siluridae, Bargridae, Sisoridae and Mastacembelidae. According to fish occurrence in (S1), there were five fish species be as resident, 8 and 10 species as seasonal and rare respectively. The annual values of fish species, weight and catches effort 10.7, 184 and 33.25 Kg/hour respectively, and in (S2) fish species of 6, 6 and 11 as resident, seasonal and rare respective

This study was aimed to evaluate the extent of the spread for  Mycoplasma gallisepticum  in the broiler chicken flocks of  the Samarra  city. 202 samples were collected from eight meat chicken fields in the city of Samarra for the period from September to December 2022, as these samples showed respiratory symptoms. The collected specimens were dissected in order to obtain both the trachea and the air sacs; After isolating the causative agent on Pleuropneumonia - like organisms (PPLOs) medium, mycoplasma infection reached 32.2%. The result appeared in the form of colonies with a shape similar to that of a “fried egg.” The rates of mycoplasma infection at culture fo

Climate is an important factor in the development of plant diseases. to be able to avoid yield loss due to disease explosion, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of climatic factors as a direct and indirect influence. one that can be done is weather data-based forecasting.  This method can determine and estimate the likelihood of disease outbreaks in a certain period. In addition, disease forecasting can act as prevention due to pathogen attacks so as to avoid damage and yield loss and maintain the ecosystem of antagonistic fungi in the coffee ecosystem. Agro ecosystem management can encourage the development of antagonistic fungi as pathogen biological agents. Akanthomyces sp. species are widely reported a

The research aims to enhance farmers' access to agricultural credit by identifying the most important economic and social characteristics affecting the demand for agricultural loans. Farmers need agricultural credit as a source of financing due to their weak financial capabilities، and that farmers’ lack of access to credit may negatively affect the achievement of the level of production that maximizes profit or allow farmers to apply and use modern technologies or develop existing agricultural projects. Cross-sectional data were collected for a random sample of (275) farmers in Baghdad governorate. The Logit model was used to determine the most important factors affecting agricultural loans، which include gender، age، educ

 This study was aimed to obtain morphometric parameters of Duhok watershed evaluated through three aspects. The area was located at Duhok governorate with covers 394.87Km². Depending on stream orders, ten of sub-watersheds were extracted from the main watershed. Furthermore, Duhok watershed stream orders ranged from 1 to 6, as well as the total number of segmented stream reported for the total number of orders was (4175). The results of the current study indicate the Duhok watershed has a high relief ratio (0.026 m/km) and relative relief (0.95) which refers to steep slopes and excessive runoff. The ruggedness value is (4.09) indicates the study region is rugged w

This study aimed to investigate the expression level of microRNA-20a in plasma samples collected from 20 healthy males and 20 healthy females' as non-cancerous controls, 34 males and 26 females who diagnosed with CRC, the age range for both poles was at age range of 23 to 66 years old, those patients didn’t receive any chemical, radiological or surgical treatment and subjected to relative quantitative detection using RT-PCR technique. Specific primers designed for this purpose, the sequence of miR-20a retrieved from NCBI and miRBASE, the primers designed using stem-loop structure method, RNU-43 reference gene used for results normalization. The resulted data analyzed using the Livak method, the folding mean of CRC patients (12.

The study's goals are to use pyocyanin pigment produced by the clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a reducing and stabilizing agent for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their use it antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical sources. The antibiotic susceptibility test of E. Coli isolates was shown to be resistant to ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, piperacillin-triazole, tetracycline, and ticarcillin, while sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, and Imipenem. NiO NPs are synthesized by using nickel sulfate NiSO₄ (10g) with a concentration of pyocyanin (10mg/10ml). The NiO NPs synthesized were characterized

This study was aimed to determine  the active compounds in alcoholic extracts (methanolic 75% and ethanolic 75%) of  Pelargonium gravolens leaves and flowers as well as their antibacterial and antioxidant  activities. The methanolic extract of dry leaves and fresh flowers (30 g each) gave  4.8650, 2.8015 g  respectively. While ethanolic extract for the same parts gave 5.5787, 2.1832g respectively.    Spectrophotometric analysis showed that, the flavonoids content in leaves and flowers methanol extract  were  20.38, 70.90 μg rutin equivalent/g of extract, respectively, as for ethanol  extract  those values were 21.89, 71.63 μg rutin equivalent/g of ext

This study was aimed to identification of certain crosses to produce hybrids with higher performance per se can be aided by the determination of simple sequence repeats (SSR), which can improve our understanding of the genetic divergence of maize lines and their classification into different heterotic groups. Variability for each locus was measured using the polymorphism information content (PIC), with an average of 0.55, suggesting that the markers were highly informative. Analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated higher divergence among the maize lines, suggesting the existence of different groups. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis (UPGMA) and th

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of resveratrol as a natural antioxidant in improving the chemical properties and some qualitative and microbial properties of chilled ground beef stored at 2 C° for 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. The study included 7 different treatments: T1 (control treatment without addition) T2 (Resveratrol 0.10% g/kg) T3 (Resveratrol 0.20% g/kg) T4 (Resveratrol 0.30% g/kg) T5 (Resveratrol %0.40g/kg) T6 (Resveratrol %0.50g/kg) and T7 (Addition of Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.01% BHA). All addition treatments showed a significant (P<0.05) decreases in dry matter percentage of Fat and Ash and increase in protein, moisture and water holding capacity (WHC) percentage as compared with the control treatme

        من خلال استقراء بعض النصوص المسمارية فقد كان للكلب حضورا دينيا في بلاد الرافدين من حيث كونه مرافقا شخصيا للكثير من الآلهة ولاسيَّما الإلهة نن-إيسينا/كولا إلهة الطب والشفاء التي عدّ الكلب رمزها الديني، فبحسب رأي بعض الباحثين أن السبب في ذلك هو أن هذا الحيوان عادة ما يقوم بلعق جروحه وهذا بحد ذاته نوع من التطبب لما يحتويه لعابه من مضادات جرثومية تعمل مثل المضادات الحيوية، مع أن الدراسات

       استخدم الانسان منذ العصور القديمة المعادن في حياته اليومية البدائية في الصيد ثم في أدوات بسيطة استخدمها في الزراعة ، ومن بين اهم هذه المعادن المستخدمة الحديد والنحاس التي صنعوا منها ادواتهم واسلحتهم ومن ثم استخدم الذهب والفضة في صناعة التحف والحلي ، وافاد المسلمون مما كان لدى اهل البلاد التي فتحت ودخلها الإسلام من فنون وصناعات متنوعة وابقوا عليها الا ما يتعارض مع تعاليم الإسلام كصناعة

The current study aimed to study the effects of feeding olive leaves (OL) on milk yield, milk composition, body weight, and blood parameters of lactating Awassi ewes. Thirty-six newly lambed ewes and their single lambs were distributed at random and assigned to one of three diets: 0% OL (CON), 15% OL (OL15), and 30% OL (OL30) to replace the forage source in sheep's diets. The first seven days of the 56-day experiment were dedicated to adaptation, with the remaining 49 days dedicated to the collection of data. Dry matter (DM) intake was greater (p = 0.014) in the OL15 and OL30 groups compared with the CON group. Crude protein and ether extract intake was also the highest in the OL30 group (p=0.0172) followed by the OL15 group and

This study was carried out in order to isolate and diagnosis of common bacteria from bovine mastitis in Baghdad city which have the ability to produce biofilm and detect its molecular composition. Twenty five milk samples were collected from different regions in Baghdad city from udders of cows suffering from clinical and subclinical mastitis.Then cultured on blood agar. Gram staining was done to differentiate between bacteria gram positive which cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and Nutrient Agar while gram negative bacteria were cultured on MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. All bacterial isolates were subjected to different biochemical tests, API 20 E System, API Staph System and RapID^TMONE System kit to con