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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
الغاية في منهج كتب الاحكام السلطانية : (القرن 5ه/11م والقرن 8هـ/14م)
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تُكمن أهمية البحث في تسليط الضوء اكثر حول الغاية في منهج كتب الاحكام السلطانية في تلك المدة لاسيما (القرن 5هـ/11م والقرن 8هـ/14م), والتي تتمحور حول الغاية في منهج كتاب الاحكام السلطانية للماوردي(ت 450هـ/1058م) والاحكام السلطانية للحنبلي (ت 458هـ/1065م), والفخري في الاداب السلطانية والدول الاسلامية لابن الطقطقي(ت709هـ/1309م),اما اهداف البحث فهي معرفة مفهوم الغاية وما المقصود بالاحكام السلطانية فضلاً عن ذلك الوقوف والتمعن ف

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
EFFECTS OF INSTANT PUMPKIN SOUP: IN VIVO ANALYSIS ON WISTAR RAT’S GROWTH, SERUM Β-CAROTENE, ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME
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This study aims to determine the effect of instant pumpkin soup consumption on the rats' growth, β-carotene levels, Antioxidant Enzyme, Malondialdehyde, and lipid profile. 30 male Wistar rats, 8-10 weeks, were divided equally into six groups. Control-negative (C-) rats were maintained on the AIN-93 diet. Control positive (C+) rats were given AIN-93+beef fat. Instant pumpkin soup groups (IPS 20, 40, 60, and 80) were given AIN-93+beef fat+instant pumpkin soup (20, 40, 60, and 80 g/kg of standard diet, respectively). Blood serum was collected and subjected to lipid profile, MDA (TBARS method), antioxidant analysis (DPPH), endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and β-carotene analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA follow

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPRAY LIQUID PRESSURE AND MACHINE SPEED USING THREE TYPES OF NOZZLES ON A BOOM SPRAYER
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This study investigates the efficiency of three types of flat fan nozzles (blue, red, and brown) when operating with a boom sprayer under low-volume spraying conditions in the Gorno Botevo village area of Central Bulgaria. The experiment evaluated the sprayer's operational speed and working pressure across eight working regimes, focusing on the impact of speed and nozzle type on application performance. Statistical analyses, including univariate ANOVA and correlation analysis, revealed significant differences in performance among the nozzles. The blue, red, and brown nozzles achieved optimal performance at 8.5 km/h, 12 km/h, and 16 km/h, respectively, while maint

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER, TECAMIN MAX AND BENZYL ADENINE ON LEAVES MINERALS OF SWEET ORANGE SEEDLINGS
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This research was aimed to study the effect of soil application of Bio health and foliar application with Tecamin max and Benzyl adenine on leaves minerals content of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) seedlings during two successive seasons (2020 and 2021) using Randomized Complete Design with four replications. Bio health was added with three concentrations (0, 6 and 12 g.L-1) to the soil and foliar application of Tecamin max with three concentration (0, 5 and 10 ml.L-1) and Benzyl adenine with three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg. L-1) on the sweet orange seedlings which were brought from private nursery in Duhok city and have two- years old and almos

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
EFFECT OF GAS ENRICHMENT AND FOLIAR WITH ORGANIC NUTRIENTS ON YIELD QUALITY OF BROCCOLI UNDER HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
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A hydroponic experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2019-2020 in order to improve the quality traits of broccoli grown hydroponically under the modified Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), using an internationally approved standard solution and alternative solution, the plant was enriched with ozone and the foliar application of organic nutrients. The Hydroponic study included two experiments with the standard solution (Cooper's solution) and the alternative solution (ABEER). Both experiments were implemented within the Nested Design with three replications, and both included the gas type in the main plot, which were oxygen and ozone, while the s

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
INCREASING YIELD AND ITS QUALITY OF POTATO BY SPRAYING WITH NANOCHITOSAN LOADED WITH NPK, NETTEL AND GREEN TEA EXTRACTS
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This study was aimed to effect of spraying nano chitosan loaded with NPK and nettle leaf extracts and green tea on yield and its quality of potato for the spring and autumn seasons of 2021 in Al-Suwaira district of Wasit Governorate, It was conducted as a factorial experiment (5 × 5) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor included spraying with four concentrations of Nano chitosan loaded with NPK fertilizer at concentrations 0, 10. 15 and 20% in addition to chemical fertilization treatment, the second factor was spraying nettle leaf extract 25 and 35 gL-1 and green tea extract at 2 and 4 g.L-1, in addition to the control treatment, spraying with dist

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
FORAGE YIELD RESPONSE OF SOME GRASS PEA GENOTYPES TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND STUBBLE HEIGHT IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF SULAIMANI REGION- IRAQ
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This study was conducted at two locations, Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station and Kanipanka Nursery Station, during the 2023–2024 winter season to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer and stubble height on forage yield attributes of grass pea genotypes. A split-split plot design was used with three factors: fertilizer application (F0= no fertilizer, F1= organic fertilizer), genotypes (G1: Local, G2: IGC-2011-62, G3: IGC-2011-35, G4: IGC-2011-9), and stubble height (SH1= 5cm, SH2 = 10cm). Fertilizer application significantly increased DFY in Kanipanka. Genotype significantly influenced most forage yield attributes, with G1 showing the highest values. Stubble height significantly affected GFY and DFY, particularly in

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF GLUTEN-FREE BREAD MANUFACTURED FROM PROSO MILLET USING HYDROCOLLOIDS
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of some hydrocolloids in improving the physical and sensory properties of gluten-free bread manufactured from millet flour. Whole grain millet flour (T2), whole grain millet flour with xanthan gum (T3), whole grain millet flour with guar gum (T4), unprocessed millet flour with extraction rate of (71%) with xanthan gum (T5), unprocessed millet flour with extraction rate of (71%) with guar gum (T6) ,were used  to prepare gluten free bread beside another treatment manufactured by the same ingredients with replacing the sugar by glycerol (T7).The wheat flour was used as standard (T1).  The results of the chemical composition showed that whole-grain Proso millet flour had hig

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
الشَّغف الدِّراسي عند طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة
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يهدف البحث الى التعرف على مستوى الشغف الدراسي عند طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة  والتعرف على الفروق تبعاً لمتغير الجنس (ذكور- اناث)، وتحقيقاً لأهداف البحث الحالي تم اختيار عينة من الطلبة  بلغت (423) طالباً وطالبة، وقد أعد الباحثان أداة البحث، وهو مقياس الشغف الدراسي، الذي تألف من (30) فقرة ومن خمسة مجالات (فاعلية الذات، والسيطرة غير المؤكدة، والاندماج الدراسي، والقلق الدراسي، والعلاقة بين المدرس والطالب)، على وفق

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Intellectual behavior of university professors
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The current research aims to identify the intellectual behavior of university administrative faculty. A sample of 400 male and female administrative faculty members was chosen from the University of Babylon and Al-Qasim Green University. To achieve the research objective, the researchers adopted the Runco (2001) scale, consisting of 23 items, to measure intellectual behavior in its original foreign version based on the theory of Runco (2001). The results showed that university administrative faculty has intellectual behavior. Finally, the two researchers concluded with several recommendations and suggestions.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
السلوك العدواني وعلاقته بالاستقلالية لدى الطلبة من زارعي القوقعة في المرحلة الابتدائية
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هدفت الدراسة للتعرف على وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين السلوك العدواني، والاستقلالية لدى عينة من الطلبة زارعي القوقعة، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (146) من أمهات الأطفال زارعي القوقعة، وتتراوح أعمارهم ما بين (6-12) سنة، ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف الدراسة الحالية قام الباحثان بتصميم  استبانتين وهما: استبانة السلوك العدواني، واستبانة الاستقلالية، وتوصلت الدراسة لوجود مستوى منخفض للسلو

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
IMPACT OF SPRAYING MELATONIN, POTASSIUM, AND ZINC ON KUMQUAT FRUIT TRAITS AND SOME CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS
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This experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during 2022 season to investigate the effect of spraying with melatonin, potassium sulfate, and organic zinc on the flowering and production stage, of 3-year old Kumquat saplings grafted onto lemon rootstock. The experiment was factorial within Randomized Completely Block Design using three replications. The factors of the experiment were foliar spraying with melatonin, potassium sulfate, and organic zinc. The treatments were applied at two times, spring and autumn. Each of the three factors independently influenced both the fruit characteristics and the concentration of c

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
REMOVING COD, N AND P FROM DAIRY WASTEWATER BY EMPLOYING LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM WITHIN MICROBIAL ELECTROLYSIS CELL
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This study explored the capability of treating real dairy wastewater using the microbial electrochemical system by using Lactobacillus plantarum   species as a microorganism. The samples were collected from a local factory for dairy products in Baghdad. Three main parameters were investigated with different levels, for estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) removal efficiency. The studied parameters were detention time, the potential difference between electrodes and initial concentration of COD. The respective optimum values for these parameters were 17 days, 400 mV and 17000 mg COD/L respectively. At the optimum values, the optimum COD removal efficiency was 99.4%. Meanwhile,

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
سياسة الرئيس الأميركي جيمي كارتر : حِيال التضخُم ومأزق الإدارة الماليَّة (1977-1981)
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على الرغمِ من الجهودِ الحثيثة التي بذلها الرئيس الأميركي جيمي كارتر حِيال التضخُم والمُشكلات المالية إبَّان المُدة (1977-1981) التي شهدت أزمةً إقتصادية خانقة أتسمت بالركودِ الإقتصادي ، إلا أن أصعب صفحاتها تجلَّت في مواجهتهِ لمُشكلةِ التضخُمِ ، إذ أعتمد سياسات تقشفية وبرامج إقتصادية سعت إلى تقليصِ الإنفاق العام إلى جانبِ دعمه إستقلاليةِ المجلس الإحتياطي الفِيدرالي. وفي هذا السياق عَيَّن ﭘول فولكر رئيساً للمج

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
دور اليهود في حركة الترجمة وأثرها على اوربا
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يدور البحث عن دور اليهود في حركة الترجمة في بلاد الاندلس وأثرهم على اوربا ويهتم الباحثون بدراسة تاريخ الاندلس كجزء من تاريخ الامة الإسلامية التي امتدت حدودها الى جنوب فرنسا، ويشكل اليهود جزء من المجتمع الإسلامي في الاندلس، حيث انصهرت المكونات الاجتماعية من العرب والبربر واليهود والنصارى والأسبان وأصبحت مكوناً ثقافياً واحداً بالمكون الأندلسي الذي بدأت تزدهر فيه العلوم والمعارف نتيجة انصهار الحضارات في ب

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
الأسرة الاتالية وقيام مملكة بيرجاموم: القرن الثالث الى القرن الأول قبل الميلاد
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تكتسب دراسة مملكة بيرجاموم أهمية بالغة لفهم ديناميكيات التحول السياسي والحضاري في شرق المتوسط خلال الحقبة الهلنستية. فهي تتيح التأمل في كيفية انبثاق مملكة سياسية قوية من رحم التفكك الإمبراطوري، وكيفية بناء مشروع حضاري متماسك في ظل واقع مليء بالتحديات الخارجية، والانقسامات الداخلية، والمنافسة الثقافية. إن بيرجاموم، في هذا السياق، لا تمثل مجرد حالة تاريخية عابرة، بل تعكس قدرة الشعوب على إعادة تشكيل مصيرها

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
المضامين التاريخية ضمن ما نشر في جريدة العرب العراقية لعام 1917
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      تكمن أهمية الجريدة كونها أول جريدة تأسست في مدينة بغداد بعد الاحتلال البريطاني لها، مع أهمية هذا المعلم الحضاري، كون الجرائد تحمل في طياتها العديد من المظاهر الثقافية، في ضوء الدراسة الحالية يمكن تأكيد كان تأسيسها لتوضيح سياسة حكومة الاحتلال، والتي وقفت مباشرة خلف تأسيسها وإدارتها، لذا فإنَ أغلب ما نشر كان مخطط له مسبقًا، وأن تضمنت بعض الإعلانات المتنوعة وتثبت لي في غالبها كانت إ

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
الدافع العسكري والسياسي وأثره في الانتشار الآيوني على سواحل آسيا الصغرى
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عدت الصراعات الداخلية داخل بلاد اليونان سبباً مهماً من أسباب الهجرة الى مناطق آسيا الصغرى، إذ شهدت بداية القرن الثامن قبل الميلاد نشوء دويلات المدن، فعادت الوحدات السياسية الى الظهور، تلا ذلك تطور الحياة الاقتصادية فانتعشت التجارة وظهرت طبقة النخبة مما أدى الى ظهور الأنظمة الحاكمة التي بدأت بالحكم الملكي، وانتهت بالحكم الديمقراطي، وبين الفترة الممتدة بين الحكمين ظهرت أنظمة أخرى كان لها أثر كبير في حياة ب

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
نصوص اقتصادية متنوعة من العصر السومري الحديث (٢١١٢-٢٠٠٤ق. م)
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ظهرت الكتابة في مدينة الوركاء في الطبقة الرابعة ب قبل منتصف الالف الثالث ق. م تقريبا ً لحاجة أقتصادية ملحة لتوثيق أملاك المعبد وكانت في البداية كتابة صورية تمثل المواد المراد توثيقها([i]) والتي يمتلكها المعبد  , الا أنه هذه الكتابة ما لبثت ان تطورت بحيث انها اصبحت بمرور الزمن أكثر قدرة على التعبير عما يجول في خلد انسان بلاد الرافدين القديم من أفكار مختلفة ومتنوعة فلم تعد الكتابة توض

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
موقف نقباء الاشراف من الخلافة العباسية : في ديوان الشريف الرضي والشريف المرتضى
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    يسلط البحث الضوء على موقف النقباء الطالبيين الاشراف الرضي والمرتضى من الخلافة العباسية, من خلال اشعارهم التي نظموها في حق الخلفاء العباسيين المعاصرين لهم, والتي بينت تلك الأبيات الشعرية تاييدهم ودعمهم ومساندتهم للخلافة العباسية, ولعل النقباء الطالبيين سواء كان الشريف الرضي او الشريف المرتضى قد أدركوا بثاقب بصيرتهم ضرورة نبذ الخلافات والتعايش السلمي ودعم الخلفاء العباسيون الذين تجمعهم صلة القر

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 25 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
الاخفاق الاقتصادي والديني في العراق القديم
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لا يعني وجود مهن وأنشطة اقتصادية في المجتمع العراقي القديم أنها تستند إلى فكر اقتصادي فكثير من المجتمعات القديمة كانت تمارس فعالياتها الاقتصادية بحكم العادة ومن المنطقي أن حضارة العراق القديم ليست مستثناة من ذلك ومن الممكن ان يكون ضخامة النشاط الاقتصادي في العراق القديم وتنوعه وتعقده ان يشوبه بعض الاخفاقات.

ان الدور الذي يحد من التمادي الذي كان عليه الانسان وهذا يؤشر اخفاقاً كبيراً من المؤسسة الدينية

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 17 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies In History And Archeology
نصوص اقتصادية غير منشورة من العصر الاكدي
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انتجت الحضارة العراقية انواعا مختلفة من مقومات الابداع 

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Studying the Photodegradation of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Bimetallic Au–Pd/TiO2 Photocatalyst
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In this study, the photodegradation of Congo red dye (CR) in aqueous solution was investigated using Au-Pd/TiO2 as photocatalyst. The concentration of dye, dosage of photocatalyst, amount of H2O2, pH of the medium and temperature were examined to find the optimum values of these parameters. It has been found that 28 ppm was the best dye concentration. The optimum amount of photocatalyst was 0.09 g/75 mL of dye solution when the degradation percent was ~ 96 % after irradiation time of 12 hours, while the best amount of hydrogen peroxide was 7μl/75 mL of dye solution at degradation percent ~97 % after irradiation time of 10 hours, whereas pH 5 was the best value to carry out the reaction at the highest degradation percent. In additio

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 08 2025
Journal Name
Chemistry Africa
Preparation, Characterisation, and Photochemical Stability of Polymeric Derivatives of Polyvinyl Alcohol Grafted with Phthalic Anhydride and Dyes
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In this study, derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grafted with phthalic anhydride (PhA) and dyes were prepared to produce polymeric materials of PVA-g-PhA, PVA-g-PhA-anthocyanin, PVA-g-PhA-bromophenol blue, and PVA-g-PhAthymol blue. The materials were characterised by FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The crystallinity of the polymers was evaluated with powder X-ray difraction, and the thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthetic procedure for the polymeric materials entailed the formation of esters. The FTIR spectra of the polymers confrmed their formation since the ester carbonyl group stretch was observed at approximately 1691–1716  cm−1 in each material. NMR spectroscopy confrmed the addition of t

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 16 2024
Journal Name
Polimery
Synthesis and photochemical stability of polymeric derivatives formed by the reaction of acrylamide and succinic anhydride copolymer with dyes
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A new derivative of PAM, acrylamide was copolymerized with succinic anhydride, and the reaction product reacted with three dyes, anthocyanin, bromophenol, and thymol. The prepared polymers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and thermal analysis. FT-IR spectroscopy showed the disappearance of two bands near 3450 and 3380 cm-1 for the stretching vibrations of the primary amine which indicates for the formation of amides. The UV-photolysis of aqueous solutions of different concentrations of the polymers was studied. Polyacrylamide-g-succinic anhydride showed an increase in polymerization under light. An increase of ~ 50% was observed for a 200 mg/L

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 03 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Degradation of Dazomet by Thermal Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes under UV and Sun lights at Different Temperatures
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In this research, the degradation of Dazomet has been studied by using thermal Fenton process and photo-Fenton processes under UV and lights sun. The optimum values of amounts of the Fenton reagents have been determined (0.07g FeSO4 .7H2O, 3.5µl H2O2) at 25 °C and at pH 7 where the degradation percentages of Dazomet were recorded high. It has been found that solar photo Fenton process was more effective in degradation of Dazomet than photo-Fenton under UV-light and thermal Fenton processes, the percentage of degradation of Dazomet by photo-Fenton under sun light are 88% and 100% at 249 nm and 281 nm respectively, while the percentages of degradation for photo-Fenton under UV-light are 87%, 96% and for thermal Fenton are 70% and 66

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The Indian Chemical Society
Inspection the impact of mixing and external resistance on the Microbial Desalination Cell for electricity generation and desalination efficiency by using Macroalgae as a bio-cathode
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification
Wastewater treatment through a hybrid electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton process with a porous graphite air-diffusion cathode
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Publication Date
Wed Apr 03 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Ebusiness And Egovernment Studies
THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC CONSENSUS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE BY MEDIATING STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT
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This study investigates the influence of Strategic Consensus (SC) on Organizational Performance (OP), with Strategic Alignment (SA) serving as a mediating variable, within private academic institutions in Iraq. The research utilized scales developed to measure each variable: SC, OP, and SA, all of which are unidimensional. The sample comprised 131 senior participants, including deans and faculty council members, with questionnaires distributed across three institutions: Dijla University College (35 respondents), Baghdad College of Economic Sciences (31 respondents), and the University of Uruk (65 respondents). Data analysis employed various statistical techniques, including normality testing, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statis

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Scopus
Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2025
Journal Name
Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal
INFESTATION OF NATIVE CATTLE WITH SOME ECTOPARA-SITES IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE-IRAQ
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