يشكل التطور المتسارع في التكنولوجيا الحديثة تحديًا متناميًا أمام المشرّعين في ما يتعلق بحماية الحقوق الناتجة عن الابتكارات التقنية، ومن أبرز هذه الابتكارات التصميمات التخطيطية للدوائر المتكاملة، التي تمثل عنصرًا محوريًا في صناعة الأجهزة الإلكترونية الدقيقة. وتنبع أهمية حماية هذه التصميمات من كونها نتاجًا لعمليات ذهنية معقدة وجهود هندسية عالية الكلفة، مما يجعل التعدي عليها انتهاكًا لحقوق ملكية فكرية ح

يعد عقد التامين الرياضي الية قانونية لحماية الرياضيين من الاضرار التي تسببها المخاطر الرياضية , فبموجبه يصبح من حق المتضرر مطالبة المؤمن بالتعويض متى ما توافرت فيه الاركان والشروط الخاصة به , ويهدف عقد التامين الرياضي الى احداث اثار قانونية , أي ايجاد وضع جديد يرتب حقوق والتزامات لم يكسبها ولم يتحملها المتعاقدين من قبل , فيرتب التزامات على عاتق طرفي العقد والمتمثلة في التزامات المؤمن له من جهة والتزامات الم

يواجه المجال القانوني في العصر الحالي تحولات متسارعة بفعل إدماج التقنيات الحديثة في اغلب تخصصاته ورغم ما تمنحه هذه الأدوات من كفاءة وسرعة ودقة في معالجة البيانات، الا إنها تطرح تحديات جدّية تهدد المبادئ الأساسية للحقوق والحريات التي ما قامت الأنظمة القانونية المختلفة الا لأجل الحفاظ عليها وحمايتها ، ويأتي في مقدمة هذه الحقوق التي اتسعت في المجال الرقمي هو الحق في الخصوصية الرقمية ، نتيجة استخدام كميات ها

شهد العقد الماضي انتعاشًا ديناميكيًا في استكشاف الإنسان للفضاء، مدفوعًا بمشاركة القطاع الخاص المزدهرة برئاسة شركات مثل Virgin Galactic وBlue Origin وSpaceX، مما حفز التوجه العالمي نحو تطلعات الاستعمار بين النجوم وتعزيز الجهود التعاونية بين الدول والأفراد الواضحة في المبادرات. مثل برنامج أرتميس التابع لوكالة ناسا، وبرنامج تيانجونج الصيني، وتطلعات روسيا والهند لإنشاء محطات فضائية مستقلة، وه

يعد موضوع البحث على درجة كبيرة من الأهمية لتعلقة بمسألة تنظيم الحقوق والإلتزامات التي تتضمنها الرابطة القانونية التنفيذية بين طرفيها المتمثلين ، طرفها الأول الدولة ويوكل عنها الإدارة الإصلاحية والسلطة القضائية الحامي للحقوق والحريات ، وطرفها الثاني المحكوم عليه ، فكما يكون للدولة الحق في إقتضاء عقاب المحكوم عليه ، فإنه يقع عليها الإلتزام بضمان المركز القانوني للمحكوم عليه وما يتضمنه من حقوق وحريات كفله

ان الرقابة التي تمارسها محكمة التمييز على قاضي الموضوع تشمل الرقابة على التقدير القانوني الذي يقوم به القاضي وعلى التقدير الواقعي، وفي نوعي التقدير فان رقابة محكمة التمييز ليست مطلقة، فاذا كان الأصل ان التقدير الواقعي تنتفي عنه محكمة التمييز والاستثناء اعمالها، فيمكن القول ان الأصل في التقدير القانوني اعمال رقابة التمييز والاستثناء عدم اعمالها، وتلك الحالات التي تنتفي فيها الرقابة على التقدير القانوني

تناول البحث خصوصية أحكام العقاب في جرائم أمن الدولة المعلوماتي في التشريع الإماراتي مع تسليط الضوء على أبرز العقوبات التي نص عليها المشرع الإماراتي في مرسوم بقانون اتحادي رقم (34) لسنة 2021 بشأن الشائعات والجرائم الإلكترونية، حيث تتمحور مشكلة الدراسة في مدى كفاية العقوبات التي نص عليها المشرع الإماراتي في الحد من جرائم أمن الدولة المعلوماتي.

تتمثل أهمية البحث من الناحية العلمية في أنه من البحوث المتخصصة

إن فائض الأجنة يتمثل في نوعين: الأول هو وجود الأجنة داخل الرحم (حمل متعدد) ويتم التخلص منها بإسقاطها من داخل الرحم، وتناول البحث مدى ارتباط هذا الإسقاط بجريمة الإجهاض والضوابط القانونية المقررة لهذا الإجراء۔ وفي النوع الثاني يتم إتلاف الأجنة الفائضة خارج الرحم، وهي البويضات الملقحة المحفوظة بالتجميد في بنوك الحفظ، ونص القانون على أن يكون التخلص منها بتركها بغير عناية طبية حتى تتلف۔

و هدفت الد

 تناول هذا البحث بيان ماهية التبليغ الإلكتروني وخصائصه والوسائل الإلكترونية المستخدمة فيه من حيث ماهية هذه الوسائل وشروط استخدامها، كما أوضح البحث طبيعة الورقة القضائية محل التبليغ وخصائصها والحجية القانونية للتبليغ الإلكتروني من حيث شروط اكتسابها وكيفية التحقق من صحته،  وقد تفاوتـت التشريعـات المقارنة في مـدى الأخذ بالتبليـغ الإلكتروني فمنها من تبنــاه بشكـل شامـل وموسع كالتشريـع الأردنـي والفر

يتناول هذا البحث العلاقة بين النظام الانتخابي المتبع في الدولة وتأثيره على كفاءة وفاعلية السلطة التشريعية. وبيان كيف يؤثر النظام الانتخابي على جودة التمثيل في البرلمان وعلى الأداء التشريعي والرقابي للمجلس النيابي؟ يهدف البحث إلى تحليل أنواع النظم الانتخابية وتقييم أثرها على كفاءة السلطة التشريعية. اتبعنا في هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي والمقارن. وتضمن البحث المحاور الرئيسية المتمثلة بالإطار النظري للنظم ا

 Spatial analysis (spatial statistics) contain systematic techniques, that study actually geographic data have geographic properties such as topological and geometric, spatial analysis involve difference types of technique. Spatial analysis represented new understanding complex topics in form easy by any method or statistical for study area include mathematics and logic. Using function of point density which represented the Radon gas measurement geographic location, and limitation the density area by finding the radii (bandwidth) Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) techniques variation to reach interest regions and hotspot of point’s neighborhood. The aim of the research, applied the spatial s

Microbial fuel cell is a device that uses the microorganism metabolism for the production of electricity under specific operating conditions. Double chamber microbial fuel cell was tested for the use of two cheap electrode materials copper and aluminum for the production of electricity under different operating conditions. The investigated conditions were concentration of microorganism (yeast) (0.5- 2 g/l), solutions temperature (33-45 ^oC) and concentration of glucose as a substrate (1.5- 6 g/l). The results demonstrated that copper electrode exhibit good performance while the performance of aluminum is poor. The electricity is generated with and without the addition of substrate. Addition of glucose substrate

تشكل أضرار خِدْمَات الرِّعاية الصحية عن بُعد وجهاً آخر، وفصلاً جديداً من فصول المسؤولية الطبية في تطوراتها المتلاحقة. إذ كثيراً ما تنجمُ تلك الأضرار عن خِدْمَاتٍ صحيةٍ ذكيةٍ، أو مؤتمتة عن بعد. وتأتي هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على آلية تعويض أضرار خِدْمَات الرِّعاية الصحية عن بُعد وضرورة تغطيتها. من خلال إبراز مفهوم الخِدْمَات الصحية عن بُعد، وضوابطها، وبيان أبرز تطبيقات تلك الأضرار، فضلاً عن معالجة فكرة تعو

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a multiple-access technique allowing multiusers to share the same communication resources, increasing spectral efficiency and throughput. NOMA has been shown to provide significant performance gains over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) regarding spectral efficiency and throughput. In this paper, two scenarios of NOMA are analyzed and simulated, involving two users and multiple users (four users) to evaluate NOMA's performance. The simulated results indicate that the achievable sum rate for the two users’ scenarios is 16.7 (bps/Hz), while for the multi-users scenario is 20.69 (bps/Hz) at transmitted power of 25 dBm. The BER for two users’ scenarios is 0.004202 and 0.001564 for

The effect of considering the third dimension in mass concrete members on its cracking behavior is investigated in this study. The investigation includes thermal and structural analyses of mass concrete structures. From thermal analysis, the actual temperature distribution throughout the mass concrete body was obtained due to the generation of heat as a result of cement hydration in
addition to the ambient circumstances. This was performed via solving the differential equations of heat conduction and convection using the finite element method. The finite element method was also implemented in the structural analysis adopting the concept of initial strain problem. Drying shrinkage volume changes were calculated using the procedure sug

The dynamic response of foundation rest on collapsible soil in dry and soaked states is studied through wide experimental programmed. Gypseous soil from Tikrit governorate area was obtained and subjected to various physical and chemical analysis to determine its properties. Steel rectangular footing (400x200x20) mm is manufactured. The machine is fitted to the footing, then the model machine foundation is placed centrally over the prepared soil layer in steel container (1200x 1000x1000)mm with proper care to maintain the center of gravity of whole system lie in the same vertical line with container.Then, the footing is subjected to vertical harmonic loading using a rotating mass type mechanical oscillator to simulate different dynamic lo

Fine aggregates used for concrete works in Sulaymaniyah city frequently fail to meet the standard requirements for gradation and fineness modulus in cement concrete. This paper aims to critically evaluate gradation, fineness modulus, and clay contents of various natural sands produced and used for concrete work in the region.  Sixteen field sand samples were collected from various sites in Darbandikhan (5 samples), Qalat Dizah (5 samples), Koysinjaq (5 samples), and Piramagroon (1 sample) confirming to ASTM D75. The field samples were parted into test specimens based on ASTM C702. Then, sieve analysis was carried out on the oven-dry test specimens in compliance with ASTM C136. The test results of fine aggregates wer

Using the traditional methods in teaching Islamic subject have neglected student's role and focus mainly toward teacher. Thus, the role of student in teaching process would take a negative side: following these methods cannot achieve the educational objectives of Islamic subject. Teachers who give Islamic subject do not have a full knowledge of the appropriate techniques in teaching. They lack the scientific background that qualify them for teaching. The weakness of knowledge that face Islamic teachers have arisen over different stages of education which showed their lacking in the provision of intonation and interpretation of the Quran as well as the utterance of Prophet Mohammed Hadiths. It takes time to train teachers to do a

The research aims to know the question asking skills in terms of levels, conditions, classification, and types. The research limited to the literature that dealt with the importance of questioning for students and teachers. The most important term used in the research is the skill (Ryan defined it as "the ability to perform with great efficiency, accuracy, and ease). The results of the research are as follows: 1. the questions asked by the schoolteacher within the assessment of students' learning. 2. Teachers should focus on the lower levels of learning (remembering, understanding and comprehension) and then evaluating students at the higher levels (synthesis and evaluation). 3. Teacher with good knowledge can skillfully use the question

The research deals with an important issue that many people are working on, namely the sanctification of the texts on which the timings of the time and the different conditions of the place took place. Do not live up to the ranks of perfection and perfection, and every effort has explanations according to the mind machine, which is not protected by infallibility from error. The great downfall is to put these intellectual efforts in the Bible without separating them from the Word of God. The situation and the place on the adherents of a religion and mixed with the trick of the average individual only to be subject to the words of the teachers of Sharia and docility.

Thin films of tin sulfide (SnS) were prepared by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrates, with thickness in the range of 100, 200 and 300nm and their physical properties were studied with appropriate techniques. The phase of the synthesized thin films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Further, the crystallite size was calculated by Scherer formula and found to increase from 58 to 79 nm with increase of thickness. The obtained results were discussed in view of testing the suitability of SnS film as an absorber for the fabrication of low-cost and non toxic solar cell. For thickness, t=300nm, the films showed orthorhombic OR phase with a strong (111) preferred orientation. The films deposited with thickness < 200nm deviate

Two samples of (Ag NPs-zeolite) nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by easy hydrothermal method for 4 hours and 8 hours inside the hydrothermal autoclave at temperatures of 100°C. The two samples were used in a photoelectrochemical cell as a photocatalyst inside a cell consisting of three electrodes: the working electrode photoanode (AgNPs-zeolite), platinum as a cathode electrode, and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode, to study the performance of AgNPs-zeolite under dark current and 473 nm laser light for water splitting. The results show the high performance of an eight-hour sample with high crystallinity compared with a four-hour sample as a reliable photocatalyst to generate hydrogen for renewable energies.

In this paper a theoretical attempt is made to determine whether changes in the aorta diameter at different location along the aorta can be detected by brachial artery measurement.  The aorta is divided into six main parts, each part with 4 lumps of 0.018m length. It is assumed that a desired section of the aorta has a radius change of 100,200, 500%. The results show that there is a significant change for part 2 (lumps 5-8) from the other parts. This indicates that the nearest position to the artery gives the significant change in the artery wave pressure while other parts of the aorta have a small effect.

Summary:
Background Mastalgia is described as diffused or itching pain of the breast. Usually, active movement of heavy breast supported by weak suspensory ligaments contribute mainly to the etiology of mastalgia which is considered the most frequent complaint of women attending Al-Elwiya teaching hospital for consultation.
Objective:- The aim was to minimiged breast pain in mastalgic women By wearing the sport brassieres with or without the Use of danazol
Patient and method :- Tow hundred and fifty cyclic and non cyclic women suffering
from some degrees of mastalgia were chosen randomly from breast clinic of AL-Elwiya teaching hospital from June 2004 till August 2005. The mastaligic women were divided into 3 groups: group A

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genetic system in main.

The study was conducted on 107 patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis, from
Dour town, Salahadeen province attending the Dermatology Department of
Saddam General Hospital, Tikrit.
Patients were divided to 4 groups for purpose of treatment and comparison,
followed up for two months duration.
Group A: treated with intralesional hypertonic sodium chloride solution (9 %
HSCS).
Group B: treated with intralesional pentostam injection, 1 cc. per day for 6
consecutive days.
Group C: treated with silver nitrate cauterization one to two doses of three days
interval.
Group D: left without treatment as a control group.
It was found that the efficacy of 9% hypertonic sodium chloride solution and
pentostam were 94%

Background: Lead-acid battery workers are at higher risk for systemic diseases as well as oral diseases like dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess selected salivary antioxidants and their relation with dental caries among lead acid battery factory workers in comparison with non-exposed group. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 35 subjects aged 35-45 year-old who worked in Babylon lead acid battery factory in Baghdad city and matching group that not exposed to lead were selected as a control. Dental caries severity was recorded by using DMFS index, stimulated salivary samples were collected and analyzed for the measurement of salivary antioxidants (uric acid, total protein, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes

Background:

Background: