تعد مسألة التعويض عن الضرر المعنوي من القضايا الحيوية التي تستحوذ على اهتمام فقهاء القانون وقضاته، نظرا لخصوصيتها وارتباطها القوي بمشاعر وكرامة الافراد. ويظهر غالبا في حالات الإيذاء النفسي أو التشهير أو الإهمال الذي يترتب عليه أضرار معنوية من الصعب قياسها بصورة مباشرة، إلا أنها تترك أثراً عميقاً على صاحبها. وقد نجد مكانا لهذا النوع من الضرر أكثر ما يكون في شأن آثار الفعل الضار، وبناء عليه تتمحور اشكالية ال

يدرس هذا البحث الإشكاليات القانونية الناتجة عن الربط الإلزامي بين الدرجة الوظيفية والعنوان الوظيفي في النظام الوظيفي العراقي، وينقسم البحث إلى مبحثين رئيسيين، يركز المبحث الأول على تشخيص المشكلة، حيث يبدأ بتعريف نظامي الترقية والترفيع، ويحلل الطبيعة الإشكالية للربط الإلزامي بينهما، ثم يناقش الآثار السلبية لهذا الربط، والتي قد تشمل إعاقة المسار الوظيفي للموظفين المتميزين الذين لا تشمل وظائفهم ألقاباً

تحتل العلامة التجارية مكانة بارزة في النظام القانوني للملكية الفكرية، إذ تمثل وسيلة أساسية لحماية المنتجات والخدمات وضمان تميّزها في السوق. وتتضاعف أهميتها عند النظر إليها في الإطار الدولي، لاسيما عند ارتباطها بآليات تسوية المنازعات التجارية عبر التحكيم. وفي هذا السياق، تشكّل اتفاقية نيويورك لعام 1958 مرجعًا رئيسيًا لآلية الاعتراف وتنفيذ أحكام التحكيم الأجنبية، بما في ذلك تلك التي تتعلق بالعلامات التجاري

يتناول هذا البحث دراسة تأثير تعاطي السلائف الكيميائية على المسؤولية الجنائية، حيث تم استعراض طبيعة جريمة تعاطي هذه المواد بدءًا بتعريف السلائف من الناحية اللغوية، ثم التطرق إلى مفهومها في الاصطلاح القانوني، ومن ثم تحليل الأركان المكونة لجريمة تعاطي السلائف الكيميائية، وأخيرًا مناقشة الأثر المترتب على هذا التعاطي في نطاق المسؤولية الجنائية.

وقد أظهر البحث أن لتأثير التعاطي في المسؤولية الجنائية صور

واجه النظام القانوني في العراق عقب تغيير نظام الحكم فيه من رئاسي الى برلماني في ظل دستور سنة 2005 ظهور أجهزة رقابية مستقلة لم تكن معروفة قبل نفاذ هذا الدستور، وتمارس صلاحيات رقابية في الغالب على بعض الأجهزة الحكومية بصورة أساسية، غير أن ذلك لم يمنع من امتداد رقابة بعض تلك الهيئات إلى أجهزة أخرى غير مرتبطة بالحكومة وإن كانت تشترك مع الأجهزة الحكومية في إشباع بعض الحاجات العامة مستهدفة تحقيق الصالح العام رغم مل

الاكتفاء بسياسة التجريم والعقاب في المواجهة القانونية للمخدرات تعد مواجهة غير كافية, فمن المفترض ان تكون هناك سياسة تشريعية متعددة الابعاد, ويكون للقانون المدني دوراً فاعلاً ومؤثراً الى جانب المنظومة القانونية التي تواجه الاضرار الناجمة عن المخدرات, من خلال قواعد المسؤولية التقصيرية لإصلاح تلك الاضرار, ليكون هناك ردع مدني الى جانب الردع الجنائي. لقدرة القانون المدني على تحديد نطاق هؤلاء الضحايا من خلال و

Carnosine have several important biological activities, as implicated by its effects on several diseases such cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer and can play important role in improving the functional capability during ischemic circumstances. Carnosine levels in diabetes patients may be affected by genetic variants in the carnosinase-2 gene, which may also be linked to development of cardiovascular problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the Carnosinase-2 gene polymorphism SNP (rs 6566810) on serum levels of carnosine and carnosinase-2 and their relationship to CVD in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with and without CVD compared to healthy controls

Physical measurements are one of the basic factors that affect the performance of the goalkeeper, especially when confronting fixed kicks that require special skills such as the reaction and accuracy in concentration, and with technological development artificial intelligence has become an effective tool for analyzing mathematical data that is difficult to discover in traditional methods The study aims to employ techniques Artificial intelligence to study the relationship between physical measurements and the accuracy of confronting the fixed kicks of goalkeepers in football. This study will contribute to providing a deeper understanding of physical factors that affect the performance of goalkeepers, in addition to designing dedicat

The importance of the study lies in highlighting the role of smartwatches as a modern tool for analyzing training load based on functional indicators, such as heart rate and calorie consumption. This allows coaches to monitor individual players’ responses during different training periods, helping to improve physical performance efficiency and reduce the risk of overload-induced fatigue. The study aimed to analyze calorie consumption at different heart rate levels between the special preparation and competition periods for youth football players, with the goal of determining the effect of physiological adaptation on energy efficiency. To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted the descriptive method due to its suitability f

A novel series of liquid crystalline compounds containing 2,4-thiazolidinedione units with varying terminal alkyl chain lengths was successfully synthesized and characterized. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The mesomorphic behavior was investigated using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compounds [V]₄, [V]₅, and [V]₆ exhibited enantiotropic nematic phases, while compound [V]₈ displayed a smectic A (SmA) phase. No liquid crystalline behavior was observed for compound [V]₃. The liquid crystalline properties were found to depend on the terminal-to-lateral chain length ratio, molecular geometry, and the nature

Diabetic nephropathy represents one of the common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus and it’s a leading cause of renal failure. Liquiritin is one of the main flavonoids found in Glycyrrhiza glabra that has been shown to have several pharmacological effects, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotection, and attenuation of rheumatoid arthritis in experimental animals. The present study investigated the protective effect of liquiritin against diabetic nephropathy in high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in male rats.

In the present study, the type 2 diabetes model was induced by feeding the animals with the high fat diet for four weeks, af

Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometers (PCFIs) are greatly used
for sensing applications. This work presents the fabrication and
characterization of a relative humidity sensor based on Mach-
Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), which operates in reflection mode.
The humidity sensor operation based on the adsorption and
desorption of water vapour at the silica-air interface within the PCF.
The fabrication of this sensor is simple, it only includes splicing and
cleaving the PCF with SMF.PCF (LMA-10) with a certain length
spliced to SMF (Corning-28).
The spectrum of PCFI exhibits good sensitivity to humidity
variations. The PCFI response is observed for a range of humidity
values from (27% RH to 85% RH), the positi

Iron-Epoxy composite samples were prepared by added
different weight percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %) from Iron
particles in the range of (30-40μm) as a particle size. The contents
were mixed carefully, and placed a circular dies with a diameter of
2.5 cm. Different mechanical tests (Shore D Hardness, Tensile
strength, and Impact strength ) were carried out for all samples. The
samples were immersed in water for ten weeks, and after two weeks
the samples were take-out and drying to conducting all mechanical
tests were repeated for all samples. The hardness values increased
when the Iron particle concentration increased while the Impact
strength is not affected by the increasing of Iron particles
c

At different stages of the evolution of the modern Iraqi state ears last century did not receive the industrial sectors importance in  great domestic production (GDP) and  that the limited  resources available in the initial stage and the dominance of public sector industry in the late stage , so the continued decline in the contribution  of the private industrial sector in  GDP , and this is why imbalance in the labor market and reduced  demand for manpower in this sector despite the high rates of labor supply and the various skills and levels of investments, their human  and the different geographical distribution , and direction of labor to other economic sectors most  requested of the l

Campsis grandiflora (Bignoniaceae) is a fast growing deciduous climber, the dried flowers have been used as a carminative, blood tonic, and febrifuge in Chinese traditional medicine. This plant has an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, and anti-bacterial effect; with a beneficial role in stagnant blood and endometriosis conditions. In this study, the detection of beta-sitosterol in the hexane extract of Iraqi C.grandiflora flowers was performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC); while the isolation done by preparative layer chromatography then structure elucidation of isolated compound was done by FTIR and ¹HNMR. Furthermore, assessment of th

This research aims to study the impact of strategic information systems on the development of intellectual capital in the Public Shareholding Electricity Distribution Company in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed for the purpose of data collection, as the number of valid questionnaires for analysis was about (135), and SPSS and AMOS 0.26 software was used to analyze the collected data. The study found out that the respondents' perceptions of the level of importance of strategic information systems and the level of importance of intellectual capital were high, and that the relational capital has ranked as first, followed by structural capital, and h

  The general trend in Iraqi banks is focused towards the application of international financial reporting standards, especially the international financial reporting standard IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”, in addition to the directives issued on the Central Bank of Iraq’s instructions for the year 2018 regarding the development of expected credit losses models, and not to adhere to a specific method for calculating these losses and authorizing the banks’ departments to adopt the method of calculating losses that suits the nature of the bank’s activity and to be consistent in its use from time to time. The research problem revolves around the different methodologies for calculatin

This research aims at answering many questions raised by the research problem concerning the view of the organizations under consideration for the concept of smart leadership and its most important dimensions, as well as the view of crisis management and its concept and most important methods through research objectives that define and clarify the smart leadership with its dimensions and methods of crisis management.

For the purpose of reaching the results of the research and testing the assumptions about the relationship between smart leadership and methods of crisis management, the researcher adopted a questionnaire, designed especially to be a criterion for the research, as the main tool for data coll

Research seeks to test the impact of the dimensions of mindfulness on  organizational Innovation, proposed in the light of the review literature on two variables of the research, which referred in General to the dynamic relationship between them, as result of weakness of mindfulness as one important factor driving the diversity of innovation and time, ways to sustain and preserve and then support innovations made by creators, weakness in the overall level of organizational Innovation, this represents the problem research, data collection over designing   identification, distributed to sample Formed from (30) head Department at a number of colleges of the University of Baghdad, results confirms the validity of resea

Development of NSAIDS based on inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity. However, the different physiological consequences arrised by appearance of new drugs with different selectivity to COX-2 enzyme upon their administration with their relevant affects on some cardiovascular risk factors. To study the potential effects of relatively  diclofenac and highly specific  celecoxib COX-2 inhibitors on lipid profile and serum C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes, whom have hyperlipidemia to be compared by their effects with normolipidemic patients. A total number of 34 type 2 diabetics (14 normolipidemics and 20 hyperlipidemics) treated with either diclofenac 100mg/day or celecoxib 200mg/day for eight weeks. Analysis  of results indi

Thermal conductivity for epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are
calculated, it found that increasing the weight ratio of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 lead to
increase in the values of thermal conductivity, but the epoxy composite filled with
Fe2O3, have values of thermal conductivity less than for epoxy composite filled with
Al2O3, for the same weight ratio. Also thermal conductivity calculated for epoxy
composites by contact to every two specimens (like sandwich) content same weight
ratio of alumina-oxide and ferrite-oxide, its found that the value of thermal
conductivity lays between the values of epoxy filled Al2O3 and of epoxy filled Fe2O3

ABSTRACT    

The purpose of the research is to identify the role of drinking water quality in achieving customer satisfaction in one of the formations of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Public Municipalities (Diwaniyah Water Directorate), as they are important service organizations that have a fundamental role in serving the community. Faced many administrative challenges, as a result of the continuous and accelerating environmental changes, environmental pollution and immaturity of social awareness and social responsibility, as these contributed to and affected the quality of drinking water, Therefore, it is necessary to know the role of quality, specifically "drinking water and its effect o

The comparison of double informative priors which are assumed for the reliability function of Pareto type I distribution. To estimate the reliability function of Pareto type I distribution by using Bayes estimation, will be  used two different kind of information in the Bayes estimation; two different priors have been selected for the parameter of Pareto  type I distribution . Assuming distribution of three double prior’s chi- gamma squared distribution, gamma - erlang distribution, and erlang- exponential distribution as double priors. The results of the derivaties of these estimators under the squared error loss function with two different double priors. Using the simulation technique, to compare the performance for

Encouraging micro-enterprises for comprehensive economic development are crucial to achieve the ambitious vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 Small and Medium enterprises are inputting around 15.5 per cent to GDP while 33 per cent contribution as a private sector to Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product (GDP). This study aims to identify the most important factors that affect the efficiency of small enterprises in Saudi Arabia. To accomplish this objective, the study was conducted for small projects via the comprehensive inventory method under the supervision of the Institute of Entrepreneurship. A total of 282 questionnaires were collected from entrepreneurs and the differentiation analysis

 Quality is the key to success in today's world, which is based mainly on competition in the provision of high quality services through the application of the modern management method which is called  total  quality management in organizations. This includes describing the provision of health services and satisfaction of patients .              .                                                 &nbsp

Abstract\

In this research, estimated the reliability of water system network in Baghdad was done. to assess its performance during a specific period. a fault tree through static and dynamic gates was belt and these gates represent logical relationships between the main events in the network and analyzed using dynamic Bayesian networks . As it has been applied Dynamic Bayesian networks estimate reliability by translating dynamic fault tree to Dynamic Bayesian networks and reliability of the system appreciated. As was the potential for the expense of each phase of the network for each gate . Because there are two parts to the Dynamic Bayesian networks and two part of gate (AND), which includes the three basic units of the

The non static chain is always the problem of static analysis so that explained some of theoretical work, the properties of statistical regression analysis to lose when using strings in statistic and gives the slope of an imaginary relation under consideration.  chain is not static can become static by adding variable time to the multivariate analysis the factors to remove the general trend as well as variable placebo seasons to remove the effect of seasonal .convert the data to form exponential or logarithmic , in addition to using the difference repeated d is said in this case it integrated class d. Where the research contained in the theoretical side in parts in the first part the research methodology ha

يصب المدخل المستند إلى الموارد (Resources Based Approach) في دراسة المنظمات المتعلمة (Learning Organizations) اهتمامه أساساً على دراسة القابليات البشرية وكيفية تطويرها، وجعلها قدرات جوهرية تنافسية. فالدراسات الحديثة تنظر إلى استراتيجية إدارة الموارد البشرية (Human Resources Management Strategy) على أنها من المكونات المركزية الاستراتيجية منظمة الأعمال (Business Organization Strategy)<

Today, more than ever before, the business organizations’ initiatives should seek to design themselves and delivery them to the environment because of its change, and the increasing of uncertainties and the growing opportunities. What is required by the business organizations is that to adopt good approaches to stimulate the modern thinking and non traditional thinking and exploit the valued concepts and overcome the old thinking. Substantially, the scenario planning is the art of thinking about what is unexpected.

       Therefore the research’s problem is reflected to answer the following questions:

• What