Because pathogenic bacteria have gained resistance, bacterial illnesses are difficult to treat. Every year, a huge number of studies aimed at creating novel antibacterials are released. Shiff bases are an important field in organic synthesis due to their biological activities. Schiff bases also possessing an important range of pharmacological activities. Hybridization-combing two pharmacophores [heterocycle from starting molecule and synthesized hydrazones]  to form one molecule-is the important method in designing new drugs. The new compounds [hydrazones] derivatives were created using a multi-step process including synthesis of  indomethacin hydrazide by coupling agent reaction (EDC.HCL,HOBt) and then reaction with defferent aldehyde

This study was carried out  to investigate the Inflammatory  reaction in broiler chicken after experimental infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) , which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) to measure pro inflammatory cytokines and IgG.  one hundred day old  broiler chicks  were randomly divided into five groups 20 birds each group, all groups except group 5 (control) were  infected at two weeks old with 0.2ml of 10⁶  cfu/bird of local MG ,groups treated as follows:  Group1 : infected  Intravenous( I.V) with MG isolate. Group2: : i

A study of non-diatom algal species composition in twelve sites from Greater Zab River path within
Erbil Province, was carried out from April 2021 to January 2022 with monthly sample collection in twelve studied sites. Among them site 4,5,6,7 and 9 are the first for algal study in this area. The 112 different species of algae belong to 33 genera, 25 families, 13 orders and 4 divisions have been identified. The predominant genera included Spirogyra and Cosmarium 17, 8 taxa respectively. 13 taxa were new recorded to Iraqi
Kurdistan algal flora and 9 of them were new recorded to Iraqi algal flora: Botryosphaerella sudetica, Muriella magna, Gloeotaenium loitlesbergianum, Apiocystis brauniana, Anabaena oscillarioides, C. distentum

In many applications such as production, planning, the decision maker is important in optimizing an objective function that has fuzzy ratio two functions which can be handed using fuzzy fractional programming problem technique. A special class of optimization technique named fuzzy fractional programming problem is considered in this work when the coefficients of objective function are fuzzy. New ranking function is proposed and used to convert the data of the fuzzy fractional programming problem from fuzzy number to crisp number so that the shortcoming when treating the original fuzzy problem can be avoided. Here a novel ranking function approach of ordinary fuzzy numbers is adopted for ranking of triangular fuzzy numbers with simpler an

      In many areas, such as simulation, numerical analysis, computer programming, decision-making, entertainment, and coding, a random number input is required. The pseudo-random number uses its seed value. In this paper, a hybrid method for pseudo number generation is proposed using Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSR) and Linear Congruential Generator (LCG). The hybrid method for generating keys is proposed by merging technologies. In each method, a new large in key-space group of numbers were generated separately. Also, a higher level of secrecy is gained such that the internal numbers generated from LFSR are combined with LCG (The adoption of roots in non-linear iteration loops). LCG and LFSR are linear structures and outputs

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الصورة الذهنية التي يحملها جمهور العملاء وأصحاب المصلحة عن الجهاز المركزي للتقييس والسيطرة النوعية، عن طريق تقييم مستوى أداء الجهاز، ودرجة مصداقيته وشفافيته في التعامل، ومدى كفاءته في الفحص والرقابة، فضلاً عن تحديد أبرز مصادر تشكيل الصورة الذهنية لدى جمهوره.
المنهجية: ينتمي البحث إلى البحوث الوصفية، واعتمد المنهج المسحي لملاءمته لطبيعة الدراسة. واس

An intranasal drug delivery system offers a non-invasive, effective, reliable, direct, and alternative route to the CNS via the neural connections between the nasal mucosa and the brain. Paliperidone (PAL) is mainly used to treat schizophrenia and disorder. It’s practically insoluble in water class II with low bioavailability 28%. Therefore the aim of preparation of nano nasal suspension gel is in order to target PAL to brain via neural connections of nasal mucosa and the brain, and then enhance the uptake and bioavailability of the drug near and at the site of action. Different variables were investigated in this study, in order to recognize the best formula that aims the drug

Background: Paracetamol poisoning is a global issue that results in severe liver failure and permanent liver damage, necessitating the need for liver transplantation. The objective of our study was to assess and compare the preventive effects of Apigenin and vitexin against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups and treated for seven consecutive days. Group I received 0.5% DMSO, Group II received a single paracetamol dose, and Groups III-IV received 10 mg/kg Apigenin or 40 mg/kg vitexin i.p for 7 days. On the seventh day, all groups except the Group I received a single oral dosage of 3000 mg/kg paracetamol three hours after their final Apigenin or vitexin dose. After 24 hours of parac

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن دور صورة إيران في المواقع الإلكترونية للقنوات الفضائية العربية في تشكيل وتعزيز اتجاهات الإعلاميين العراقيين تجاه الصراع في الشرق الأوسط، وانطلقت المشكلة البحثية من التساؤل الرئيس الآتي: ما دور صورة إيران في مواقع القنوات الفضائية العربية في تعزيز اتجاهات الإعلاميين العراقيين إزاء الصراع في الشرق الأوسط؟
المنهجية: اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على طبيعة المعالجة الصحفية لموضوعات الرياضة النسوية في المواقع الإلكترونية العراقية، مع إبراز الأساليب والفنون الصحفية المستخدمة، وفهم اتجاهات هذه المعالجة، كما يسعى البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على أهمية الإعلام الرقمي في نقل ومناقشة الموضوعات الرياضية النسوية، وتقييم مستوى الاهتمام بها من قبل المواقع الإلكترونية.
المنهجية: اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحل

     The present work aims to formulate carvedilol as nanomicelle and study variables effect on the particle size of nanomicelle, and on the entrapment efficiency (EE%). The formulations were performed by two methods; thin film hydration method and direct dissolution method using soluplus® and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-25) as polymers. The results revealed that formulations prepared by direct dissolution method exhibits lower size and higher EE% as compared with thin film hydration method, it was found that soluplus® produces larger size of nanomicelle and lower EE% as compared with PVP K-25, it was found that as the amount of polymer raised, the size of nanomicelle increased in both polymers, the effect of solvent indicates that

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى دراسة دور العلاقات العامة الحكومية في إدارة قضايا الذكاء الاصطناعي، مع التركيز على كيفية توجيه الرأي العام العالمي في إطار خطة العمل الأمريكية للذكاء الاصطناعي، وتحليل قدرتها على تحقيق التوازن بين الأبعاد التقنية والاقتصادية والأمنية لهذه التكنولوجيا الحديثة.
المنهجية: اعتمد البحث منهج دراسة الحالة، مستفيدًا من أداة تحليل المحتوى بشكل كمي ونوعي، وقد جرى تحلي

The unique opportunity lies in targeting tumor cells through glycolysis, a pathway that compensates for decreased ATP production by increasing sugar consumption. This strategy allows for the development of a novel therapeutic approach, targeting malignant cells with selective pharmacological inhibitors of glycolysis without harming normal cells. In this study, hexokinase, glycolytic enzyme, was targeting to selectively inhibit energy production pathways in cancer cells without harming normal cells. The anticancer mechanisms of 2 Deoxy-D-Glucose (2DG) and Mannoheptulose (MH) in esophagus adenocarcinoma (SK-GT-4) and HBL-100 normal cell lines were investigated using MTT and wound healing assays to assess their cytotoxic effects and cellula

Doxorubicin is a potent anthracycline antibiotic used to treat many types of human neoplasms. The long-term adverse effect is cardiomyopathy, which is primarily caused by the extensive production of reactive oxygen species, which relates to several events related to nucleic acid metabolism and the activation of the immune system. Chromium is a trace element mostly utilized to regulate glucose levels and enhance the body's response to insulin, particularly in people with diabetes. Chromium picolinate often contains Chromium in its trivalent state, coupled with picolinic acid. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of chromium picolinate in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity of rats. Twenty eight Wister male rats w

             One of the most potent and effective drugs in the field of chemotherapy is doxorubicin. It has shown remarkable efficacy against multiple cancer targets. Despite the effectiveness of this treatment, an important drawback is the cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin. This limitation has led oncologists to explore potential ways to prevent or reduce this toxic side effect. We will investigate in this study whether saxagliptin and telmisartan have any protective effects on heart tissue. We will study their effects on oxidative stress and apoptotic indicators in particular. There were a total of 28 rats, with 7 animals in each of the four groups: First group(control group): seven rats in good health were given distill

A novel glycine-based sulfonamide derivates were synthesized. This study presents the newly synthesized compounds (G1-G6) that exhibit promising DHPS inhibition activities, designed through a molecular docking analysis targeting the Yersinia pestis DHPS protein (PDB ID: 5JQ9). The docked compounds were subsequently subjected to ADME study to evaluate their pharmacokinetic properties. This work started with the synthesis of the glycine methyl ester HCL salt by esterification of the carbonyl group of the carboxylic acid functionality of glycine with thionyl chloride and methanol and the synthesis of 4-acetamidobenzene sulfonyl chloride from acetanilide, the reaction of the latter two intermediates using the TEA as base and neutralizing age

Among the many NSAIDs generated from phenyl acetic acid is Aceclofenac, or ACE. Its antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects are noteworthy. However, the substance's delayed dissolution, limit permeability, and inadequate bioavailability are caused by its low solubility in water, which hinders its usefulness. Nanosponges (NS) are tiny particles with nanoscale holes and a distinctive three-dimensional nanostructure. The incorporation of both water-soluble and fat-soluble molecules into these hollow spaces enhances the efficacy and safety of medication delivery. This study aims to improve and advance the formulation of ACE-containing nanosponges. The emulsion solvent diffusion procedure is used to prepare the nanosponges that

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على استراتيجيات الترويج الإلكتروني التي يعتمدها المروجون العراقيون عبر شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، وتحليل أبرز التحديات والفرص المرتبطة بهذه الممارسات، فضلًا عن تقييم مدى فاعلية هذه الاستراتيجيات في تحقيق أهداف الحملات الترويجية، مثل جذب الانتباه، وزيادة المبيعات، وبناء العلامة التجارية.
المنهجية: اعتمد الباحث المنهج المسحي في جمع البيانات، باستخدام اس

الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى رصد الدور الإعلامي لجهاز الأمن الوطني في العراق من خلال المحتوى الأمني الرقمي، ولا سيما مقاطع الفيديو المنشورة عبر منصات التواصل الاجتماعي، في الحد من ترويج المخدرات، كما يسعى إلى الكشف عن معرفة مدى فاعلية هذا المحتوى بوصفه أداة تأثير في الجمهور، ورصد أنماط تفاعلهم معه، فضلًا عن تقييم نظرتهم تجاهه في إطار نظرية المسؤولية الاجتماعية.
المنهجية: اعتمد الباحث المنه

Nimodipine (NID) is used for the prevention of ruptured intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The objective of study using the benefits of a combined approach of polymeric nanoparticles and microneedles to fabricate NID as polymeric nanoparticles (NID-NPs) loaded in a bilayer dissolving microneedle (bDMNs) patch to enhance the delivery of drugs through skin layers as a promising noninvasive and painless delivery system, improving poor solubility and lower oral bioavailability (5–10%) owing to first-pass metabolism, which leads to frequent dosing, inconsistent clinical responses, and poor patient compliance. The NID-NPs formula was fabricated with a (1:8) drug to polymer, Soluplus®, w/w ratio and 0.25% polyvinylpyr

Nimodipine is a vasodilator medicinal agent approved for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm, a major risk factor that causes deaths in patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The current marketed products of this drug are associated with challenges such as frequent dosing orally, or continuous infusion through central vein. Therefore, transdermal delivery of nimodipine via transferosomes can overcome these difficulties. Solvent evaporation-hydration method followed by sonication was applied for the preparation of transferosomes. The aim of present study is to investigate and optimize the processing parameters of this method through the utilization of Design-Expert software. Box-Behnken statistical design was selected for this

          By producing reactive oxygen species, primarily reactive hydroxyl radicals, iron overload may contribute to cellular damage and change the integrity of essential organelles. Echinacea Purpura; a medical plant with a root liquid extract contains various biologically active phytochemical compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Echinacea Purpura on bone marrow suppression with liver and spleen cells apoptosis induced by iron overload. Fifty albino rats were divided into five groups: Group (I) [negative control] intraperitoneally injection with (0.2 ml) normal saline solution every 3 days; with daily oral gavage of (1 ml) normal saline for 4 weeks. Group (

تُحلل هذه الدراسة العوامل الكامنة وراء إدراج حركة تركستان الشرقية الإسلامية على قائمة الإرهاب البريطانية، وتتنبأ إزالتها من القائمة، وذلك ضمن نطاق العلاقات الصينية البريطانية. تُجيب الدراسة على الأسئلة التالية: ما هي الظروف التي أدت إلى إدراج حركة تركستان الشرقية الإسلامية على قائمة الإرهاب البريطانية؟ وما هي العوامل المحتملة التي قد تؤدي إلى إزالتها من ذات القائمة؟ وكيف تطورت العلاقات بين البلدين منذ إ

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2021 at a research station of college of agricultural engineering sciences, university of Baghdad to determine the response of active fertility percentage and seed yield and its components of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aguadulce) to distance between plants and spraying of nano and traditional boron. A Randomized Complete Block Design according to split-plots arrangement was used at three replicates. The main plots were three distances between plants (25, 35 and 45 cm), while the sub plots including spraying of distilled water only (control treatment), spraying of boron at a 100 mg L^-1 and spraying of nano boron at two concentrations (1

 النصُّ القرآني عربيٌّ فصيحٌ معجزٌ في بيانه وأسلوبه، ومما زاد في سموه فواصله القرآنية. فإنَّ القرآن المجيد بلغَ من ترابط ألفاظه، وتماسك كلماته وجمله، وتأتلف الفواصل مع ما يدلُّ عليه الكلام، ولها علاقة مع ما قبلها، وهذا الائتلاف منه ما يظهر، ومنه ما يستخرج بالتأمل اللبيب، والفواصل القرآنية مظهر من مظاهر إعجاز القرآن الكريم، وأثر من آثار نظمه ووصفه؛ فهي مرتبطة بسياق الكلام ارتباطاً محكماً، بل هي مفصحة عن مع

The importance of this research lies in highlighting one of the modern training methods that may contribute to improving the athletic performance of handball players, whether on the physical or tactical level. From the perspective of physiological variables, repeated-sprint training at maximal and sub-maximal intensities is employed to enhance anaerobic capacity and increase the efficiency of the nervous system. The research problem emerged from the observation that many coaches focus heavily on offensive skills, neglecting the fact that an offensive mistake results in losing the ball, whereas a defensive error grants the opponent a scoring opportunity. Additionally, poor performance results may be attributed to the inability of the body

The research aims to identify the administrative transparency of school principals from the perspective of physical education teachers in Karbala Governorate. The experiment was conducted to apply the scale to a sample of (408) physical education teachers in middle, preparatory, and secondary schools for boys. The researchers used the descriptive approach with a survey method to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to extract the results of the arithmetic mean (Mean), standard deviation (Std-Deviation), and the statistical (t) test for two independent samples. The Spearman-Brown equation and the simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) were used. The result was the construction of a scale o