1. نشأ البنك المركزي العراقي بنشأة بسيطة ثم مع تطور النظام والتنظيم المصرفي وتطورات الأوراق النقدية بأشكالها المختلفة تطور ذلك البنك لتساير تزايد الحاجة الى وظائفه ذات العلاقة بالسياسة النقدية والمالية للدولة .
2. تعد نشأة البنك المركزي العراقي نتيجة للتطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وتطور التجارة الداخلية والخارجية، فضلاً عن ضرورات السياسة المالية والنقدية التي أوجبت قيام ذلك البنوك، اذ ان هناك عدة

Language plays a major role in all aspects of life. Communication is regarded as the most important of these aspects, as language is used on a daily basis by humanity either in written or spoken forms. Language is also regarded as the main factor of exchanging peoples’ cultures and traditions and in handing down these attributes from generation to generation. Thus, language is a fundamental element in identifying peoples’ ideologies and traditions in the past and the present. Despite these facts, the feminist linguists have objections to some of the language structures, demonstrating that language is gender biased to men. That is, language promotes patriarchal values. This pushed towards developing extensive studies to substantiate s

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على جانب مهم جداً خاص بالأداء المهاري الذي كان هو المتغير الرئيسي في الدراسة والذي يعد منبع فكرة البحث وهذا الجانب هو عملية فتل الجذع اثناء اللكم وهي المشكلة التي يواجها المدربين اثناء التدريب وبجانب الأداء المهاري ايضاً وجد الباحثان ان للقوة الانفجارية تأثير كبير على أداء الملاكم لذلك ارتأى الباحثان الى تصميم تمرينات باستعمال حبال مطاطية تعمل على تطوير الأداء المهاري لل

Background: Hair loss is a common distressing disease and challenging problem for many dermatologist. Telogen effluvium is the most common hair loss disease in which nutritional deficiencies may precipitate the disease through their effect on hair structure and growth.

Study Aim : Validating role of serum ferritin level and body mass index in Chronic Telogen Effluvium and analyzing association between these factors with socioeconomic, demographic, gynecological factors and weight loss effect. Establishing a nutritional preventive advice to improve treatment successfulness and decrease the disease occurrence.

This study included the determination of mercury level in twelve samples of skin whitening cream available in local market in Baghdad by atomic absorption spectrophotometer ,all the samples analyzed was contained a detectable amount of mercury. The lowest concentration of mercury in the sample C (Top Shirley) was 0.482 μg/g, and the higher concentration was 29.54 μg/g in the sample J (Norseen) .It was also noted that the samples H (whitening speckle removing day cream) and K (whitening speckle removing night cream) did not mention in the label significance the name of the country of origin and date of the validity of the product.

هدف البحث الى التعرف على تأثير تمرينات لاهوائية في بعض القدرات البدنية لسباحي (50) متر حرة فئة الناشئين. واعتمدت الباحثتان المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي. وتكونت عينة البحث من السباحين الناشئين والبالغ عددهم 6 سباحين تم اختيارهم عمدياً. وبلغ المتوسط الحسابي لأطوال وأوزان وعمر عينة البحث (171.17 ±2.86 سم) (65.67 ±5.75 كغم) (13.17 ±0.75 سنة) على التوالي. وتم استعمال اختبارات القوة الانفج

This research aims to identify polymorphisms in TEK genes to identify any related possibility to fresh semen quality of FH bull using the PCR method. A total of 14 samples of bull’s whole blood were collected and also the quality of each bull’s fresh semen. DNA amplification was carried out using primer Forward (TEK_F) 5'-TAGATTGTCGCTTGCCTGGG-3 'and Reverse (TEK_R) 5'-CCTGTGCCGACAGGTTTACT-3'. Analysis of the DNA sequence results was carried out using BioEdit and NCBI BLAST software. The results showed that of the 7 samples producing 262 bp and found polymorphisms in the TEK gene sequence in 23 gene bank databases. In the analysis of the relationship between the motility of individual spermatozoa with mutations, r count> r

This research aims to identify the economic and national feasibility of some agricultural activities benefiting from the agricultural initiative's lending funds, as well as to show the impact of the agricultural initiative on these projects in terms of raising social profitability, in the light of the results of the national evaluation criteria addressed in the research. All the studied projects have achieved a net added value at the level of the national economy. The dairy cattle breeding project recorded the lowest net added value of about 914 million dinars (about 745 thousand dollars), and poultry projects achieved the highest added value of about 5 billion ID for the projects of table eggs production 4.9 billion ID for broil

This study was conducted to evaluate probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on the broiler growth performance, reread under different stock density. A total of 448 Ross 308 broiler reared for 6 weeks and divided into two groups normal density and high density . For each stock density birds were fed standard diet (T1), standard diet + 0.15g probiotic powder/ kg diet(T2),  standard diet + 0.15g prebiotic powder/ kg diet(T3) and  standard diet + 0.15g synbiotic powder/ kg diet (T4). All dietary additives had no significant differences (p≤ 0.01)on the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio at 6 weeks  of age. However, body weight was different significantly compared to the control group. Dietary synbioti

         Language always conveys ideologies that represent an essential aspect of the world we live in. The beliefs and opinions of an individual or community can be organized, interacted with, and negotiated via the use of language. Recent researches have paid attention to bullying as a social issue. They have focused on the psychological aspect of bullying rather than the linguistic one. To bridge this gap, the current study is intended to investigate the ideology of bullying from a critical stylistic perspective. The researchers adopt Jeffries' (2010) critical stylistics model to analyze the data which is five extracts taken from Hunt’s Fish in a Tree (2015). The analysis demonstrates

Inˑthis work, we introduce the algebraic structure of semigroup with KU-algebra is called KU-semigroup and then we investigate some basic properties of this structure. We define the KU-semigroup and several examples are presented. Also,we study some types of ideals in this concept such as S-ideal,k- ideal and P-ideal.The relations between these types of ideals are discussed and few results for product S-ideals of product KU-semigroups are given. Furthermore, few results of some ideals in KU-semigroup under homomorphism are discussed.

The role of internal control is based on the effectiveness of the budget through an analysis of the reality of the budget in the research sample as it was studied in the preparation and preparation stages and the implementation stage. The sample showed that the sample did not comply with what is stated in the Ministry of Finance publication of instructions and ceilings. In the process of preparing and resulting from the occurrence of deviations in large proportions both in the discussion of the Ministry of Finance or when implementation as a low rate of implementation and the absence of allocations for some items, although there is a need for them as well as the transfer of large proportions of transfers both up or down and the purpose o

In this paper, a Cholera epidemic model is proposed and studied analytically as well as numerically. It is assumed that the disease is transmitted by contact with Vibrio cholerae and infected person according to dose-response function. However, the saturated treatment function is used to describe the recovery process. Moreover, the vaccine against the disease is assumed to be utterly ineffective. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the proposed model are discussed. All possible equilibrium points and the basic reproduction number are determined. The local stability and persistence conditions are established. Lyapunov method and the second additive compound matrix are used to study the global stability of the system.

Abstract:

  The research aims to diagnose the relationship between the environmental tax and the development of the sustainable social dimension, where the environmental tax is considered a tool in promoting sustainable development according to its economic, social and environmental dimensions through the application of legislation and instructions for environmental protection, and that imposing an environmental tax will have a clear impact in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development and compliance With regard to the social dimension, the research relied on the financial data for the years (2019-2022) in obtaining information. The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was

Flaxseed from the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), which has been cultivated for domestic use since prehistoric times. This study aims to investigate presence of antibacterial effect of flaxseed extract against selected oral pathogen in-vitro.

Background: Ideal root canal obturation depends on many factors; one of them is good sealing of root canal without pores. The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic density of GuttaFlow® 2 with different obturation techniques using spiral computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Forty palatal roots of permanent maxillary first molar were used in this study. Following working length determination, root canal was prepared using rotary PROTAPER universal system. They were randomly divided into four groups of 10 roots each, the groups are Conventional lateral condensation with Apexit Plus sealer, Conventional lateral condensation with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer, Soft Core Regular with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer and singl

This research was aimed to study the pollen morphology for the genus Pterocephalus(Vaill)  from Dipsacaceae family in Iraq, and to utilize these feathers in isolating the species as valuable taxonomic traits for enriching Iraqi flora. The study included characteristics of the type, shape, size, sculpturing and apertures, as well as determining the full dimensions using light microscopy as well as numerical analysis of this species and draw polygonal shapes and denderogram  convergence between species. The results of the study of pollen and polygonal forms showed significant differences in the characteristics at the level of each species, which helps to identification the genus species, as it was found that the pollen was a tricolp

The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in washing water of crude oil solution has been studied potentiostatically at five temperatures in the range ( 303 –343 )K, at pH ( 4 ) and at pH (4,6,7,9,11 ) at (343K)..The corrosion potential shifted to more negative values with increasing temperature and the corrosion current density increased with increasing temperature, the corrosion current density (icorr) decreased with increasing pH in the rang ( 4 – 7 ) and it increased with increasing pH in the rang ( 9 – 11 ) at ( 343 K ), while the corrosion potential generally variation with increasing pH in the rang (4-11)at(343K. From the general results for this study can be seen that thermodynamic and kinetic function were

Gas lift is one of the most common artificial lift methods which is effectively utilized in the oil industry for enhancing production. However, proper gas allocation into wells can be challenging due to various limitations such as shortage in injected gas and economic considerations. Therefore, the current research is conducted to address the critical requirement to effectively distribute gas to maximize profits in the Halfaya Oil Field- Mishrif formation. Continuous gas lift is one of the most commonly used artificial lift methods. To enhance production rate, a sufficient amount of gas is injected into the production tubing at specific depths to reduce the liquid column pressure as each well has an optimal point for production in an oil

     Strengthening of the existing structures is an important task that civil engineers continuously face. Compression members, especially columns, being the most important members of any structure, are the most important members to strengthen if the need ever arise. The method of strengthening compression members by direct wrapping by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was adopted in this research. Since the concrete material is a heterogeneous and complex in behavior, thus, the behavior of the confined compression members subjected to uniaxial stress is investigated by finite element (FE) models created using Abaqus CAE 2017 software. The aim of this research is to study experimentally and numerically, the beha

A case study had been made to investigate the reasons of the repetitive failure during concrete tiles
testing. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms in addition to full-scale concrete tiles had been prepared. Half of these samples were made using the same popular concrete mix. Test results indicated that, these samples were below standard requirements. The second half of the test samples was prepared using a newly designed concrete mix. Based upon the recommended breaking load, the required flexural strength of the tiles was calculated. This mix was designed to comply a flexural strength that was recommended by specifications. Care had been also concentrated on aggregate grading and concrete curing. Tests showed positive results. In spite of t

Before corresponding points in photos taken with two cameras can be used to recover distances to
objects in a scene, one has to determine the position and orientation of one camera relative to the
other. This is the classic photogrammetric problem of aerotriangulation. Iterative methods for
determining X,Y,Z ground positions for unknown points using aerotriangulation process, were
developed long ago; without them we would not have most of the topographic maps we do today.
Described here in this research a simple iterative scheme for recovering relative orientation process
then applying intersection problem (vector method) using the condition of coplanarity, out of the
usual for photogrammetrists in using the familiar

Controlling public expenditures is one of the main objectives of the public budget. The public budget often suffers from a deficit, whether in developed or developing countries, because expenditures are usually greater than the revenues generated. This requires the existence of financial rules that are adhered to by the government, which in turn leads to discipline. Fiscal policy leads to a reduction in the obligations incumbent on the government.  Adhering to the financial rules would correct the course of fiscal policy in Iraq, with the need to direct oil revenues in the years of financial abundance when global oil prices rise to sovereign funds similar to other rentier countries, which contributes to maintaining the stabi