In the present work, a set of indoor Radon concentration measurements was carried out in a number of rooms and buildings of Science College in the University of Mustansiriyah for the first time in Iraq using RAD-7 detector which is an active method for short time measuring compared with the passive method in solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD's). The results show that, the Radon concentrations values vary from 9.85±1.7 Bq.m-3 to 94.21±34.7 Bq.m-3 with an average value 53.64±26 Bq.m-3 which is lower than the recommended action level 200-300 Bq/m3 [ICRP, 2009].
The values of the annual effective dose (A.E.D) vary from 0.25 mSv/y to 2.38 mSv/y, with an average value 1.46±0.67 mSv/y which is lower than the recommended the rang

This work aim to prepare Ag/R6G/PMMA nanocomposite thin
films by In-situ plasma polymerization and study the changes in the
optical properties of fluorophore due to the presence of Ag
nanoparticles structures in the vicinity of the R6G laser dye. The
concentrations of R6G dye/MMA used are: 10-4M solutions were
prepared by dissolving the required quantity of the R6G dye in
MMAMonomer. Then Silver nanoparticles with 50 average particles
size were mixed with MMAmonomer with concentration of 0.3, 0.5,
0.7wt% to get R6G silver/MMA in liquid phase. The films were
deposited on glass substrates by dielectric barrier discharge plasma
jet. The Ag/R6G/PMMA nanocomposite thin films were
characterization by UV-Visible

 The gas sensing properties of undoped Co₃O₄ and doped with Y₂O₃ nanostructures were investigated. The films were synthesized using the hydrothermal method on a seeded layer. The XRD, SEM analysis and gas sensing properties were investigated for the prepared thin films. XRD analysis showed that all films were polycrystalline, of a cubic structure with crystallite size of (12.6) nm for cobalt oxide and (12.3) nm for the Co₃O₄:6% Y₂O₃. The SEM analysis of thin films indicated that all films undoped Co₃O₄ and doped possessed a nanosphere-like structure.

The sensi

The Boltzmann transport equation is solved by using two- terms approximation for pure gases and mixtures. This method of solution is used to calculate the electron energy distribution function and electric transport parameters were evaluated in the range of E/N varying from . 172152110./510.VcmENVcm
The electron energy distribution function of CF4 gas is nearly Maxwellian at (1,2)Td, and when E/N increase the distribution function is non Maxwellian. Also, the mixtures are have different energy values depending on transport energy between electron and molecule through the collisions. Behavior of electrons transport parameters is nearly from the experimental results in references. The drift velocity of electron in carbon tetraflouride i

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with decreased antioxidant state .This study aim to investigate the status of oxidant/antioxidant in a sample of  Iraqi patients with RA and the role of peroxynitrite and its natural scavenger uric acid in them .This case-controlled study was conducted at Baghdad teaching hospital /Baghdad from December 2010-May 2011 . Twenty-five patients with mean age 39 years and 25 apparently healthy subject as controls with mean age 29 years were included in the study .Investigations include estimation of serum levels of nitric oxide (NO)  ,peroxynitrite (PN) , malondialdehyde (MDA)  , and uric acid (UA) .Serum PN levels were significantly elevated in RA patients a

Superconducting thin films of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu2.2Zn0.8O10 system were prepared by depositing the film onto silicon (111) substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Annealing treatment and superconducting properties were investigated by XRD and four probe resistivity measurement. The analysis reveals the evolution of the minor phase of the films 2212 phase to 2223 phase, when the film was annealed at 820 °C. Also the films have superconducting behavior with transition temperature ≥90K.

Some genetic factors are not only involved in some autoimmune diseases but also interfere with their treatment, Such as Crohn's disease (CD), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriasis (PS). Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a most important pro-inflammatory cytokine, which has been recognized as a main factor that participates in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune disorders. Therefore, TNF could be a prospective target for treating these disorders, and many anti-TNF were developed to treat these disorders.

Although the high efficacy of many anti-TNF biologic medications, the Patients' clinical responses to the autoimmune treatment showed significant heterogeneity.

Two types of TNF&nbsp

In this research, Zinc oxide (ZnO)/epoxy nanocomposite was synthesized by simple casting method with 2wt. % ZnO concentration. The aim of this work was to study the effect of pH and composite dosage on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO/ epoxy nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique images proof the homogeneous distribution of ZnO nanoparticles in epoxy. A synthesized nanocomposite samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) measurements. Two spectra for epoxy and 2wt.% ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites were similar and there are no new bonds formed from the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. Using HCl and NaOH were added to Methylene blue (MB) dye (5ppm) to gat pH values 3 and 8. The degradat

          Cardiovascular risk is independently increased by plasma lipids abnormalities (low- density and high density lipoprotein -cholesterol and triglycerides). Most patients have more than one lipid abnormality. Combination therapy with lipid-modifying agents could offer an important therapeutic option for improving the overall lipid profile. Combinations have demonstrated to provide additive efficacy and significant reductions in coronary events . This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ezetimibe, when used in combination with other hypolipidaemic agents ( statins) on lipid  profile as well as on liver function ,renal function, oxidative stress, and platele

A.C electrical conductivity and dielectric properties for poly
(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) /poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends undoped
and doped with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) with
different concentrations (1, and 3 wt %) in the frequency range
(25x103 - 5x106 Hz) were investigated. Samples of (PVA/PEO)
blends undoped and doped with MWCNTs were prepared using
casting technique. The electrical conductivity measurements showed
that σA.C is frequency dependent and obey the relation σA.C =Aωs for
undoped and doped blends with 1% MWCNTs, while it is frequency
independent with increases of MWCNTs content to 3%. The
exponent s showed proceeding increase with the increase of PEO
ratio (≥50%) for undope

NiO0.99Cu0.01 films have been deposited using thermal evaporation
technique on glass substrates under vacuum 10-5mbar. The thickness
of the films was 220nm. The as -deposited films were annealed to
different annealing temperatures (373, 423, and 473) K under
vacuum 10-3mbar for 1 h. The structural properties of the films were
examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that no
clear diffraction peaks in the range 2θ= (20-50)o for the as deposited
films. On the other hand, by annealing the films to 423K in vacuum
for 1 h, a weak reflection peak attributable to cubic NiO was
detected. On heating the films at 473K for 1 h, this peak was
observed to be stronger. The most intense peak is at 2θ = 37

Many biochemical and physiological properties depend on the size of ions and the thermodynamic quantities of ion hydration. The diffusion coefficient (D) of lanthanide (III) ions (Ln⁺³) in solution assumed (1.558-1.618 ×10⁻⁹ m² s⁻¹) by Einstein–Smoluchowski relation. The association constant (K_A) of Ln⁺³ ions was calculated (210.3-215.3 dm³ mole^-1) using the Shedlovsky method, and the hydrodynamic radius calculated (1.515-1.569 ×10⁻¹⁰ m) by the Stokes-Einstein equation. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG^o, ΔS^o) also calculated by used suitable relations, while ΔH^o, values are obtained from the lit

The aim of this paper, study the effect of carbon nanotubes on the electrical properties of polyvinylchloride. Samples of polyvinylchloride carbon nanotubes composite prepared by using hot press technique. The weight percentages of carbon nanotubes are 0,5,10 and 20wt.%. Results showed that the D.C electrical conductivity increases with increasing of the weight percentages of carbon nanotubes. Also, the D.C electrical conductivity changed with increase temperature for different concentrations of carbon nanotubes. The activation energy of D.C electrical conductivity is decreased with increasing of carbon nanotubes concentration.

S a mples of compact magnesia and alumina were evaporated
using CO2-laser .The
Processed powders were characterized by electron microscopy
and both scanning and transmission electron microscope. The results
indicated that the particle size for both powders have reduced largely
to 0.003 nm and 0.07 nm for MgO and Al2O3, with increasing in
shape sphericity.

Individuals with diabetes are susceptible to complications from diabetic foot ulcers, making it crucial to explore natural product-based dosage forms as alternative treatments for diabetic wound healing. One such natural product is the Centella asiatica (L.) plant, known to contain asiatic acid compounds that promote wound healing. However, these compounds exhibit low bioavailability. This study aims to evaluate the wound healing effectiveness of a topical nanohydrogel of C. asiatica leaf extract in hyperglycemic rats. C. asiatica leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol for 72 hours and formulated into a nanohydrogel. The diabetes was induced with a single dose of nicotinamide 230 mg/kgBW 15 minutes before the i

Electrospinning scaffolds composed of antibiotics and natural polymers can be helpful in the simultaneous suppression of infectious procedures and inducing tissue healing in the treatment of bone infections. The present study was performed to prepare and determine antimicrobial effects, biocompatibility, and osteogenic effects of gelatin meropenem/vancomycin -mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Mrp/Van-MSNPs) prepared using an electrospinning procedure. The scaffolds were investigated for physicochemical features, antimicrobial, biocompatibility, and osteogenic properties. The scaffolds showed applicable mechanical features, slow drug release patterns, and showed antimicrobial effects for 21 days. Gelatin-Mrp/Van-MSNPs showed higher antimic

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug globally, with an increasing use for both medicinal and non-medical purposes. Despite evolving policies and regulations, knowledge gaps persist among the youth, particularly regarding cannabis use, its integration into food products, and associated health risks. Many adolescents rely on unverified sources such as social media and peer networks for cannabis-related information, thereby increasing the risk of misinformation and unsafe consumption. This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed knowledge levels with respect to medical cannabis use, cannabis in food, and health literacy among late adolescent students in educational institutions. Additionally, it examined factors influencing know

The Corchorus olitorius leaves, a popular 'healthier' meal in Iraq , provided cytotoxic effects against different cell lines. The main purpose of the research work was to assess the phytochemical composition and the cytotoxicity of the Corchorus olitorius leaf ethyl acetate extract. The Iraqi Corchorus olitorius leaves ethyl acetate extract was made and fractionated using the hot continuous soxhlet device technique.Following this, a number of general and specialized tests were us

Obesity increases the detrimental effects on both reproductive and metabolic indicators of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The ketogenic diet affects the outcomes of reproductive and metabolic characteristics in PCOS women. Adipose tissue is recognized as a novel gland by releasing diverse peptides called adipokines, like betatrophin, endorphin, and meteorite-like proteins. Although the ketogenic diet's impact on many adipokines in various diseases was examined, its effects on the adipokines level in PCOS have not yet been studied. Therefore, our paper attempts to investigate how the ketogenic diet affects the adipokines level in obese PCOS women. Because seventy obese women with PCOS did not follow our randomized clinical trial desi

Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) induces oxidative stress, leading to inflammation, a decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells, and reduced testicular weight, which may affect reproduction and result in infertility. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) contains flavonoid compounds that function as antioxidants to combat free radicals and exhibit protective and therapeutic effects on spermatogenic cells in diabetic rats. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of active fraction of P. angulata on the histology of spermatogenic cells, mRNA expression of NFkB and TNF-α, and testicular weight in a diabetic rat model. This study used a post-test-only control group design with 5 groups: control (K), DM group (K-DM), DM treate

Polymer electrolytes were prepared using the solution cast technology. Under some conditions, the electrolyte content of polymers was analyzed in constant percent of PVA/PVP (50:50), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC) (1:1) with different proportions of potassium iodide (KI) (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%) and iodine (I₂) = 10 wt% of salt. Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the complex formation of polymer blends. Electrical conductivity was calculated with an impedance analyzer in the frequency range 50 Hz–1MHz and in the temperature range 293–343 K. The highest electrical conductivity value of 5.3 × 10^-3 (S/cm) was observed for electrolytes with 50 wt% KI concentration at room

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty-acids co-administered with the therapeutic dose of lornoxicam on liver of healthy rats. Twenty-eight adults male rats weighing 180-200g were used in this study and the animals were randomly divided into four groups of seven rats each. Group I: negative control/rats intraperitoneally injected with normal saline in a dose 5ml/kg/day; Group II: rats intraperitoneally injected with lornoxicam at dose 0.7 mg/kg/day; Group III: rats orally-administered omega-3 only at a dose 185mg/kg/day; Group IV: rats co-administered omega-3 (185mg/kg/day) orally and in

In this research, a series of new (Schiff base imidly sulfa drug) derivatives were designed and synthesized via many steps. In the first step, a sulfa drug (sulfamethoxazole) was chosen as a bioactive starting material and introduced in a condensation reaction with 4-amino acetophenone under microwave irradiation producing compound [1] N-(sulfamethoxazole-4\-yl)-4-amino methyl benzylidene. Subsequently, in the second step, compound [1] was introduced in reaction with three cyclic anhydrides, namely (succinic, maleic, and phthalic) anhydrides producing amic acid compounds [2-4], and these, inturn, introduced in the third step in a dehydration reaction via treatment with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate under reflux producing the target

 Pharmacotherapy is essential to lower the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease are often given polypharmacy which increases both the incidence of errors in prescriptions and the associated complications of medications. The objective of this study was to disclose the impact of clinical pharmacist contributions on drug-related problems (DRPs) in patients with CV disease, educated the patients about the importance of adherence to their medication, and evaluated the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) version 9.1 can provide a suitable tool for the DRP process for Iraqi clinical pharmacists during routine work in CV setting. A prospective, interventional, clinical

In this research, the effect of reinforcing epoxy resin composites with a filler derived from chopped agriculture waste from oil palm (OP). Epoxy/OP composites were formed by dispersing (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) OP filler using a high-speed mechanical stirrer utilizing a hand lay-up method. The effect of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, with an average size of 10-30 nm, with different wt% (1,2,3, and 5wt%) to the epoxy/oil palm composite,  on the behavior of an epoxy/oil palm composite was studied with different ratios (1,2,3, and 5wt%) and an average size of  10-30 nm.  Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and mechanical properties (tensile, impact, hardness, and wear rate) were used to examine the composites. The FTIR

Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema), is a common familial chronic inflammatory skin disease, determined by xerosis, itching, scaly and erythematous skin lesions, and high serum levels of IgE. Between 10 to 20% of children and 1 to 3% of adults worldwide affected by it and has negative medical and social effect on patients and their families. To evaluate the effectiveness of Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale on induced atopic dermatitis (AD) of mice; Forty mice were included in the study, divided in to four groups (10 mice/group): apparently healthy, induced AD without treatment, induced AD treated with Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, and induced AD treated with Phytosterol Fraction of Chenopodium Murale cream 3% topica

The Iraqi medication management system comprises five key pillars: selection, need estimation, procurement, storage and distribution, and use. Despite the diligent efforts of pharmacists to accurately estimate medication needs, Iraqi public health institutions sometimes experience medication shortages due to inadequate budget allocations and procurement challenges. This review examines current practices, legislation, and challenges in the need estimation of medications. Indeed, there is significant collaboration among Iraqi health authorities responsible for medication approval, regulation, procurement, and dispensing. Key stakeholders, including the Directorate of Technical Affairs/Department of Need Estimation, Department of Pharmacy,

Abstract

    Asthma is a complex disease defined by chronic airway inflammation and airflow limitation causing variable respiratory symptoms which include shortness of breath (SOB), wheezing, chest tightness and cough. Asthma guidelines advocate adding a second long acting bronchodilator to medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) rather using high doses of ICS alone to control moderate to severe persistent asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three medication regimens indicated for Iraqi patients suffering from persistent asthma. 

    This study was interventional randomized clinical study conducted on a sample of adult Iraqi asthm

A current investigation aimed to assess the antihyperuricemic activity of the Boswellia Carterii plant and investigate the action of urate-lowering effect in a rat pattern of hyperuricemia generated by potassium-oxonate. Rats used in the research were randomized into five groups (n=6). The rats in the negative group, allopurinol group, olibanum 50 mg/kg group, and olibanum 100 mg/kg group received intraperitoneal injections of potassium oxonate (PO) twice a week at a dose of 250 mg/kg. The normal control group was supplied food and drink without any intervention. As a positive one control group, the olibanum 50 mg/kg group received daily oral administration of 50 mg/kg of olibanum powder dissolved in 0.5 L of distal water, an

Abstract

            Since the focus of healthcare has shifted toward prevention, pharmacists were highly encouraged to expand their practice to include vaccination services. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the attitude of Iraqi community pharmacists to provide vaccination and to explore the expected barriers to provide such services at community setting. The present study was a cross-sectional online survey study that included 135 Iraqi community pharmacists who are licensed by the Iraqi syndicate of pharmacists. The first part of the survey questionnaire is related to sociodemographic characteristics. The 2^nd part assessed the attitu