A study was conducted during fall season of 2015-2016 at Qwshtapa farm village of Grdmala, Erbil to study the effect of different rates of Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizers application on nutrient balance and yield of Broccoli. Treatments included 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 60,120,180 and 240 kg N ha^-1), and 5 levels of potassium (0,150,300,450 and 600 kg K ha^-1) in factorial experiment in RCBD with three replicates. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated system (DRIS) methodology was applied to study nutrient balance. Results indicated that yields were 23.916 and 11.233 Mg ha^-1 for N₃

This study was carried out in vitro to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of dates honey (DH) as soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and urea on fermentation quality and nutritive value of corn cobs silages (CCS). CC was ensiled with 4 levels of DH, 4, 6, 8 or 10% and 3 levels of urea 0, 1.5 or 3%. CCS samples were packed in double layer nylon bags and kept anaerobically for 60 days. Results revealed that color of CCS samples were ranged between yellow and brown. Smell of diluted vinegar was detected in samples made with addition of DH only, whereas, those made with addition of low and high levels of urea were characterized with smell of diluted and concentrated ammonia respectively. Increasing DH level from 4 to 10%

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentration of Mentha spicata on liver tissues. Fourteen mature male albino mice were used in this study and divided into two groups. Control group received 1 ml normal saline daily for 7days through oro- gastric tube. The remained animals received 1ml of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata daily for 7 days through oro-gastric tube. At the end of experiment, all animals were dissected. Liver Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were examined macroscopically. The results showed that coagulative degeneration, degeneration of hepatocy

This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in 200 fecal samples from slaughtered broiler chicken carcasses in the local markets in some areas of Baghdad city (Al-Hurriya, Al -Kadhimiya and Al-Shuala), during March to May 2017. Three diagnostic techniques used (flotation by Sheather's sugar solution, staining with Modified Zeihl-Neelsen stain, and measuring of isolated Cryptosporidium oocysts by ocular micrometer) to determine the type of Cryptosporidium species, and for conform that the isolated species of parasite from infected cases belong to the C.baileyi.  Experimental infection done in, 18 broiler chicken chicks age

This study investigate the effect of concentration of lead ions (Pb²⁺) at 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,20,30, 40,50 and 100 mg L^-1, concentrations of the quantity of the adsorbed Pb on surface of calcium carbonate at a temperature of 298° Kelvin with all other variables remained constant, was carried out and this experiment was conducted in a single batch and using lead nitrate solution . The results showed that quantity of the adsorbed lead increased from 2.6 to 1924 mg kg^-1 Calcium carbonate, and when single and two surface  Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin and Polani equations were applied, they were able to describe lead adsorption on the surface of calcium carbonate at the used concentratio

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a  river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities  1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m^-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47

Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) was used to characterize the alterations in DNA methylation in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and their half-daillels affected by plant densities (213333 plant h-1 and 13333 plant h-1). The two restriction was enzymes ( HpaII and MspI) succeeded in diagnosing a total of 23 specific loci, most of (22 loci) were Methylation Sensitive Loci (MSL), while the only one NML (No Methylated Loci) was monomorphic. Thirteen out of 22 MSL loci polymorphic, recording a were polymorphism percentage of 59%. Results of FeSOD gene expression cleared the different response of maize inbreds and hybrids to high plant density stress. Generally, the expression of  the targeted gene

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L^-1 and the amino

Abstract:
      This research emerged due to the needs of Iraqi social sector for diagnosing the problems ,finding the appropriate solutions,and exploiting the social opportunities to solve these problems .The research problem focused on raising the following question: "Were Iraqi Managers in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs able to use their qualifications as social entrepreneurs in the ministry to improve the quality of life of the disadvantaged groups?", In light of that, the importance and objectives of the study were determined, and this research derives its importance from trying to address social problems by measuring the degree of meeting the subjective and objective needs of the custo

In this study, evaluated the effect of turmeric dietary addition on immune response against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Infectious bursal disease (IBDV). and histopathological changes in some internal  organs was evaluated in 42 day old broiler chicks. ninety-six Ross broiler chicks were reared from 1  to 42 days old and divided randomly into four groups, Feed and drinking water were offered ad libitum.  Group1 (G1) received turmeric (0.2%), while group2 (G2) received turmeric (0.4%), Group3 (G3) received turmeric (0.6 %) and group4 (G4) was the control positive received basal diet . At the end of the trial  

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the antioxidant actitivity of the plant  Capparis spinosa leaves were collected during (April- Sept,2017) from Baghdad. Water and alcohol extracts were prepared from them and more methods were used to estimate the antioxidant efficacy, the iron binding method, The hydrolysis of hydroxide peroxide and the effect of free radical inhibiting. The water extract of alkaline leaves for April and May samples was characterized by the correlation of iron ion (97.8 and 98.1%) respectively, as well as the alcoholic extract of the April,June,July (89.47, 95.5 and 96.9%) respectively at  same concentration of 10 mg / ml, these samples were superior to EDTA-Na and citric acid w

Observations on the biology of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus)were made under  room temperature conditions (26 ± 2°C; 35 ± 10% Relative Humidity) feeding stages were fed on wheat leaves and shelled Sunflower seeds. Light and dark morphs were observed for second, third, fourth and fifth instars; short fine hairs on dorsal head, thorax and abdominal of fourth and fifth instars observed; fifth instars have black and white banded antennae. The mean periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition were 7.8, 33 and 2.5 days, respectively; the averages of female and male longevity were 43.3 and 36

               The research aimed at measuring the compatibility of Big date with the organizational Ambidexterity dimensions of the Asia cell  Mobile telecommunications company in Iraq in order to determine the possibility of adoption of Big data Triple as a approach to achieve organizational Ambidexterity.

The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach to collect and analyze the data collected by the questionnaire tool developed on the Likert scale After  a comprehensive review of the literature related to the two basic study dimensions, the data has been subjected to many statistical treatments in accordance with res

This study was conducted to assess soil salinity forecasting using spectral soil reflectivity. Artificial salinization was carried out on silty clay loam soil. Collected soil sample was handy crushed, sieved through a 4 mm sieve and backed in plastic columns. The columns were closed from the bottom with a perforated plastic lids with the presence of sand-gravel filter. Columns placed vertically at plastic basins contain saline ground water and left for salinization by capillary rise. At the desired salinity level, soil reflectivity was measured using spectroradiometer and wave length between 350-2500 nm, and band width 1 nm. Soil salinity and moisture were determ

This research was conducted to estimate some genetic parameters by using full diallel crosses in maize (Zea mays L.) at Grdarasha Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil. During the spring season of 2015, four diverse maize inbred line seeds were sown and exhibited full diallel cross between them. In fall season 2015, the F1 hybrids with their parental lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed there were highly significant differences among genotypes for almost all of the evaluated traits which were days to 50% tasseling, plant height, ear height,  ear length, no. of rows ear^-1, 150-kernels weight and to

    The plant Abrus precatorius, which belong to Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family and known as Crab’s eyes, Rosary pea with characteristic red and black seeds. It was used in folk medicine in India, China and East Asian countries for treatment of various diseases.

   The plant was extracted by '' general method of extraction'' (Harborne, 1973) using 80% aqueous ethanol as a solvent of extraction by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening were performed on the crude ethanolic extract  and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids ,terpenoids and phytosterols in Iraqi Abrus pr

This work investigates the photon radiation shielding efficiency of selected perovskite ceramics, halide-based double perovskites and organic-inorganic halide perovskites, using computational modeling across the photon energy range 0.015–15 MeV. The investigated parameters are Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half Value Layer (HVL), Tenth Value Layer (TVL) and Mean Free Path (MFP). The results are based on the total interaction cross section contributions of photon-matter interactions. They reveal that the shielding efficiency of these materials is strongly influenced by their elemental composition, density, and photon energy. Two software tools, Phy-X/PSD and NGCal, were employed in the study t

Ion engines, also known as plasma engines, are a pioneering space propulsion technology that is constantly being developed. In this work, a static magnetic field is used in a cylindrical engine that is placed inside a vacuum chamber under a pressure of 0.2 mbar and uses argon gas with an applied voltage of 5 kV and an engine power supply of 25-100 watts. The shape and intensity of the magnetic field determine the discharge performance of the ion thruster. A cylindrical ion engine was constructed with dimensions 5, 5.5, and 0.7 cm in length, width, and thickness, respectively. The coil of the ion engine generates a static magnetic field of 9 and 25 mT. This system was used to study the effect of the magnetic field on the ionization rate a

Light isotopes, especially closed-shell nuclei, have significance in thermonuclear reactions of the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) cycle in stars. In this research, radiative proton capture of ¹⁵N(p,γ)¹⁶O was calculated using MATLAB codes to find the reaction rate across a temperature range up to 10 GK for the spectrum's non-resonant part, and the astrophysical S- factor S(E) only at low energies (E=70 keV). The findings were compared with conventional reactions before and after statistical analyses, and the results were acceptable when compared to earlier compilations and reference libraries. For temperatures 0.07 < T₉ < 0.09, current direct data cover 50-90 % of the region under th

This study aimed to develop a guidance program based on reality therapy and construct a scale to measure motivation toward playing volleyball among first-year middle school students at Al-Mustafa Boys’ School. The counseling sessions sought to enhance students’ motivation to engage in volleyball. The research question focused on whether motivation could be increased through the proposed program. To achieve this, the researcher used an experimental design with two equivalent groups experimental and control employing pre- and post-tests. The study population consisted of 250 students across five classes in the 2023–2024 academic year. After administering the motivation scale, a purposive sample of 40 students with the lowest scores w

The research demonstrates that perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) can detect various hazardous and polluting chemicals, including ammonia gas (NH₃), in the environment. To enhance the sensitivity and response time and modify the structural properties of pure MAPI, zinc sulfide (ZnS) is incorporated in three different concentrations (1, 2.5, and 5 wt%). The sensitivity of these ZnS-doped samples is evaluated for detecting NH₃ and alcohol vapor. Sensors based on MAPI:ZnS composites are fabricated on writing paper samples using a solution-processing technique. Upon exposure to NH₃, MAPI undergoes a colorimetric change from black to yellow. This phenomenon is attributed to the degradation of perovsk

Global warming, driven by scientific and technological progress and rising environmental pollution, has intensified the need for alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen. This study focused on designing a hydrogen-hydrogen-oxygen (HHO) cell using primary materials, where stainless steel electrodes (10 cm diameter) were coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via electrochemical deposition. The CNTs were synthesized from potato peel waste, demonstrating an eco-friendly approach to nanomaterial production. Structural and morphological analyses of the CNTs were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming their high surface area and crystalline structure. Th

Spanlastics are nanovascular drug delivery systems that use surfactants, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic medicines . Spanlastics enhance the ability of medicines to enter the body and provide a continuous release over extended periods . These vesicles possess a high degree of elasticity and flexibility , enabling to improve the transportation of medications through different methods of administrations . Box-behnken design was utilized to establish a relationship between the formulation parameters, specifically the amount of Span 60 , cremophor EL 40 and sonication time and important quality attributes , namely particle size , polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (EE%) . The spanlastic formulations were developed usi

One of the main obstacles to early pregnancy and assisted reproduction is embryo implantation failure. Endometrial receptivity and the interactions between the embryo and the mother determine implantation. The control of implantation involves several molecules. One such molecule is microRNA (miRNA), which is known to have a role in embryo implantation as a transcriptional regulator of gene expression. The current study evaluates the Expression level of miR-210 and miR-1226 with mucin-16 in infertile females under the IVF program and its influence on embryo implantation by measuring the fold change. This study included 26 successful implantations and 58 failed implantations under an in vitro fertilization program and 44 fertile females as

Two samples of γ–mesoporous alumina (0.3M/m-Al₂O₃ and 0.5M/m-Al₂O₃) were prepared using the microemulsion method, with aluminium sulphate serving as the alumina precursor. The raw materials for microemulsion are sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the surfactant, 1-butanol as a cosurfactant, and n-hexanol as the oil phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, BJH porosity of the samples, and their N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and AFM techniques were used to characterize these samples. The results show that the two samples have identical phase structures and perfect indexing to the γ-Al₂O₃; the 0.3M/m-Al₂

Investment drives the wheel of the development of different developed and developing countries. Sudan is a model for a developing country facing a lot of difficulties in the field of both local and foreign investment. The present study was focused on the problem of poor diversification and efficiency of both local and foreign investment in Sudan. Also, it clarified the important role of administrative supervision to strengthen the efficiency of investment, taking the experience of the Sudan as a model. The researchers used the well-known descriptive and analytical tools (questionnaire, interview, observation) to complete this study. A well designed questionnaire was used. It included all questions that could cover all aspects of

Melatonin, a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland, has been found in extra-pineal organs as well. It’s known as an organizer of circadian rhythms and more recently as an anti-oxidant. In addition to its role in maintaining immunity, pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and as an anti-cancer agent, evidence has demonstrated that melatonin exerts a positive impact on male and female fertility primarily through oxygen scavenging effects. In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) programs, supplementation of melatonin may be associated with better outcomes in terms of sperm quality, oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. This review summarizes various actions of melatonin on the body focusing on male an

Tirzepatide is a revolutionary and promising medication with a high impact in the treatment of Obesity and T2DM with their complications. Its efficacy was proven through different trials in achieving favorable weight loss and a significant reduction in glycemic index. It also treated a large diversity of related co-morbidities, including fatty liver, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and more. Tirzepatide is well tolerated, has a good safety profile, and is highly reliable and suitable for use in a population.

This study examines the dynamic relationship between stock market and economic activity in the United States to verify the possibility of using financial indicators to monitor the turning points in the expected path of future economic activity. Has been used methodology (Johansen - Juselius) for the Co-integration and causal (Granger) to test the relationship between the (S & P 500 , DJ) index  and gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States for the period
(1960-2009). The results of the analysis revealed the existence of a causal relationship duplex (two-way) between the variables mentioned. which means the possibility of the use stock market indicators to pre

Bis-anthraquinones with a unique molecular backbone, (+)-2,2’-epicytoskyrin A (epi) and (+)-1,1′-bislunatin (bis), was produced by endophytic fungi Diaporthe sp GNBP-10 associated with Gambir plant (Uncaria gambier). Epi and bis possess robust antimicrobial activity toward various pathogens. This study focus on knowing the optimum condition of epi and bis production from Diaporthe sp GNBP-10. A series of culture media with various nutrient compositions was investigated in epi and bis production. The content of epi and bis was determined by measuring the area under the curve from TLC-densitometric (scanner) experiment. The linear regression analysis was then applied to obtain the results. The optimi