يمكن القول ، أن أزمة الاستبعاد والخلاف بشان ولاية العهد شهدت ولادة النظام الحزبي الحديث في إنكلترا، واظهرت حالة جديدة للتنظيم والدعاية الحزبية وادخال طرق جديدة للتأثير في الرأي العام في اثناء الانتخابات، واختلفت تلك الاحزاب في ايديولوجياتها فحزب الويك كانت له ارتباطات دينية بين اعضائه مع البيورتان أذ تشاركوا في مفاهيم حرية التعبير عن الرأي ومقاومة  هيمنة رجال الكنيسة المتنفذين، في حين  كان حزب التور

Aim: The Aim of the study is to compare between Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm laser and carbide fissure bur in root-end resection regarding the morphological variations, temperature changes and the duration of resection process.

Settings and Design: 5 W, 25 Hz, 50% water, 80% air,25.47 J/cm2 .

Material and method: twenty-one extracted single rooted teeth endodontically were treated, twenty teeth were obturated and divided into two groups according to method of resection. Group 1 root-end resected using cross cut carbide bur while group 2 root-end resected using laser with MGG6 sapphire tip of 600 μm diameter. Temperature on external root surface and duration of resection were recor

Background: One of the significant public health problems is the traumatic dental injury to the anterior teeth, it has a great impact on children’s daily. Physical and psychological disturbance, pain and other negative impacts, such as tendency to avoid laughing or smiling may be associated with traumatic dental injuries, that may affect the social relationships. To determine the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in relation to quality of life, this study was established among children of primary schools. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among private (574) and governmental (1026) primary school children in Baghdad city. Dental trauma was assessed according to Ellis and Davey classification in1970

Chapter One – introduction

Nations managed today to achieve progress in the field of modern technology. Science has changed many beliefs and trendiness that people have held for long time, skills and scientific thinking developed, and made scientific observation  and experiment replace narration and taking from others. That is attributed to examining  the educational systems searching for the locations of defect, and shortage.

In the light of educational modernizations, many models of teaching incliuding a model for social tracing attributed to Herbart Thelen, which is a model to develop skills of social participation in the democratic process (Al-Khawalda,1993,335).

The researcher attempts to examine Barman model in acquiring the historical concepts among fourth-grade students at literary classrooms. To this end, the researcher held the null hypothesis, there is no significant difference between the experimental groups who was taught based on Barman model and the control group that taught based on the traditional method in acquiring the historical concepts on the post-test. To testify the effectiveness of Barman model, the researcher administered a questionnaire included (60) items on bunch of female-students who were selected from al-khamaeal preparatory school in al-hurriyah district in Baghdad. The author utilized different statistical tools to analyze the collected data.    &

No detailed morphological, palynological, or molecular studies had previously been conducted on Pseuderucaria clavata (Boiss. & Reut.) O. E. Schulz (1916) (Brassicales, Brassicaceae). This species exhibits two distinct forms with different flower colors: violet and white. A taxonomic revision of these color forms identified two subspecies Pseuderucaria clavata (Boiss. & Reut.) O. E. Schulz subsp. clavata (1916), and P. clavata subsp. tourneuxii (Cross.) Maire (1933). Molecular study using the chloroplast barcoding markers rbcL and matK to elucidate the taxonomic relationships approved, and supported that the two color forms represent two different subspecies. The sequences of the two confirmed subspecies have been documented and

This study was conducted during 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018, which aimed to determine chemical and mineralogical properties of oak forest and bare cultivated soils at 6 locations  in Iraqi Kurdistan region, the samples were collected from two depths (0 – 30) and (30 – 60) cm. The study included some chemical and physical properties and identification of clay minerals from X-ray diffraction data. Peak height is used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because measuring started from 5θ so that’s why we cannot differentiated between Chlorite and Semectite in that treatment. The main results indicated that the orga

Predicting peterophysical parameters and doing accurate geological modeling which are an active research area in petroleum industry cannot be done accurately unless the reservoir formations are classified into sub-groups. Also, getting core samples from all wells and characterize them by geologists are very expensive way; therefore, we used the Electro-Facies characterization which is a simple and cost-effective approach to classify one of Iraqi heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs using commonly available well logs.

The main goal of this work is to identify the optimum E-Facies units based on principal components analysis (PCA) and model based cluster analysis(MC

This research mainly aims to analyze local development strategy in Baghdad Governance, build the Strategic Model based on the study area's spatial interaction, and achieve the Trinity of Excellence based on the global model of excellence.

           This research applied SWOT strategic analysis for the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment and opportunities and threats of the external environment for the provincial council. In conclusion, the research specifies appropriate alternatives and choosing the best in line with the reality of the Baghdad Provincial Council. Also, the strategic goals in the national plan and the spatial interaction of the development goals,

The aim of this research was to study the effect of feeding of goat kids on Panicum Mombasa grass on productive traits, carcass characteristics and meat production. 25 of local cross breed male goat kids; average weight 18.3 kg were divided randomly to five treatments, the first one T1 was fed with wheat straw, T2 green alfalfa, T3 green Panicum Mombasa, T4 alfalfa hay and T5 Panicum Mombasa hay. Animals reared in single cages for two weeks as a preliminary period, the experiment period lasted for 70 days. Concentrate diet provided with 3% of body weight, roughage feeds provided freely. At the end of the experiment, three anima

Texture synthesis using genetic algorithms is one way; proposed in the previous research, to synthesis texture in a fast and easy way. In genetic texture synthesis algorithms ,the chromosome consist of random blocks selected manually by the user .However ,this method of selection is highly dependent on the experience of user .Hence, wrong selection of blocks will greatly affect the synthesized texture result. In this paper a new method is suggested for selecting the blocks automatically without the participation of user .The results show that this method of selection eliminates some blending caused from the previous manual method of selection.

The research aims to identify the bedroom furniture designs for children who are in ages range between (4-6) years and the rate of employing them in developing their aesthetic sense. To achieve this objective, the researchers developed the two research tools represented by a analysis-description form of bedroom furniture designs included a number of domains that were represented in the shapes, colors, and sizes of the furniture, as well as the availability of the safety factor, ease of use, cleaning and movement. As for the aesthetic sense scale included (30) paragraphs and alternatives (always, sometimes, never), they were distributed among a representative sample of (170) mothers of children were chosen randomly from (17) kindergartens

 The interest in Multi social skills and self-concept is extremely  important for many of the scholars of education and psychology has taken a great deal in their writings and their interests as they see that social skills training is to make sure of the same, and that whenever enable the individual from acquiring social skills whenever asserted itself.The research aims know social skills and self-concept and their relationship to the children Riyadh age (4-6 years), and the research sample consisted of(200) boys and girls from kindergarten in the city of Baghdad Bjanbey Rusafa second and Karkh second.And to the objectives of the research realized the researcher has built two measures of social skills a

Dietary replacement of soybean meal by toasted sunflower meal in Clarias gariepinus diet was investigated in a 56-day feeding trial using growth, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was toasted at 204⁰C for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Control diet consist of soybean meal which was replaced by differently toasted sunflower seed meal at a rate 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were assigned to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (4.97±0.42g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish

This study was designed to determine ZmHKT1;5 gene expression  in relatively salt tolerant using four maize genotypes (Alfajr and Almaha  and medium-tolerant ones T1 and T6) within cellular level.  Three salinity levels (2, 8, and 16 ds / m .  Were used immature seeds were surface sterilized and embryos were dissected under full sterilization conditions. Callus was initiated from immature embryos of the above four genotypes on Skoog and Murashige (MS) medium supplemented with the required growth regulators (3 mg/L 2,4-D +0.5 mg/L kinetin) and recultured for three times and transferred to the stress medium containing NaCl.

The objective of this study was to evaluate a natural bio-insecticide manufacturing from Eucalyptus sp. volatile oil. The use of Eucalyptus sp. against the Backswimmer insect Anisops sardea Herrich-Schaeffer, 1849 predatory of larvae of common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L., in artificial closed ponds in Babylon province represented a new idea in Iraq. The volatile oil of the Eucalyptus sp. was extracted by hot water method using the Clevenger, three concentrations of 250000, 450000 and 650000 ppm with benzyl benzoate a

This study was aimed to extract the effective material from the dry nests of termites and detect its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial isolates and inhibit synthesis of its biofilm. Termites dry nests were collected and the effective material was extracted then the antibacterial activity was detected using the disc diffusion assay. Results were showed that the extract have antibacterial material from the Termites dry nests, this extract showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) at (21.5mm) and Gram negative bacteria ( Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at (26 mm and 20 mm) respectively by inhibiting their growth, as well as its

This study  was performed to detect assess Vaspin rs2236242  and Chemerin rs17173608 gene  polymorphisms with its association with  susceptibility of  obese PCOS  in  Iraqi women .Blood samples from 100 women with  obese PCOS and 75 healthy control women matched in age and BMI were collected from AL-Yarmouk Teaching hospital during February2018-July 2018 were enrolled in case control study. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was performed to detect the  adipokine SNPs in patients and healthy women  under study. Results demonstrated a significant variations in either genotype distribution and all

احتوى البحث خمسة ابواب فقد اوضح الباب الاول اهمية البحث ومشكلته التي تركزت على تفاوت في مستويات بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية وقلة عدد اللاعبات في العراق، مما ادى الى زج اللاعبة في اكثر من لعبة واحدة، وهذا بدوره ادى الى تفاوت القدرات قيد الدراسة للاعبات، وهدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على مستوى بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية للاعبات في اندية الدرجة الاولى. واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي باسلوبه المسحي، وكانت

   The present study introduced a new description of the last larval instar of the oak tree borer, Latipalpis johanidesi Niehuis, 2002 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). The larval specimens were collected from the oak trees within the mountainous areas, Erbil governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, during the beginning of April till the end of May 2019.

   Schematic sketches were provided to illustrate unclear morphological features, and the results presented importance morphological evidence for confirming the identification of this species in the larval stage precisely.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a commercial ß-glucan against acute toxic effect of copper sulfate on common carp Cyprinus carpio L. behavioral, hematological parameters and biochemical tests. A total of 250 Fish (150 ± 2 g) were fed a basal control diet or the basal diet plus a ß-glucan (1 g kg^-1 diet) for 60 days. LC50 was calculated for 72 h which was 10.83 mg L^-1.  At the end of the trial, CuSO₄.5H₂O was added to all treatments  at a dose  of  5 mgL^-1  for  T1  and  T2, 7mg L^-1  for  T3  and  T4, 9  mgL^-1 for T5  and  T6   for  96h.

يتناول هذا البحث: تعارض دلالة مفهوم العدد مع القياس في الفرع الفقهي (دراسة أصولية)، وهي مسألة من مسائل دلالات الألفاظ التي اختلف فيها العلماء، وكان لاختلافهم أثر في الأحكام الجزئية والفروع الفقهية، وتكمن أهمية هذا البحث في حاجة الباحثين للوقوف على أهمية دلالات الألفاظ وأثرها في المسائل الفقهية، وأهمية بيان الأحكام الجزئية والفروع الفقهية. ويهدف البحث لبيان معنى التعارض، ومعنى مفهوم العدد، ومعنى القياس، و

 This experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 season in private nursery. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of foliar spraying with polyamine and iron sulphate on growth and flowering of the snapdragon plant, Antirrhinum majus L. The experiment focused on two factors. The first factor involved foliar spraying with polyamine at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg.L^-1, The plants were treated with polyamine through two rounds of spraying, 15 and 25 days after planting. The second factor involved foliar spraying with iron sulphate at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g.L^-1 through two rounds 15 and 25 days after planting. The study followed a factor experiment

The objective of the study was to enhance the survivability of Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 29521) and investigate their resistance to some extreme conditions following its microencapsulation with alginate, chitosan, and olibanum gum. The study's findings showed that the use of olibanum gum in the first and second layers with alginate and chitosan protected the bacteria against various forms of pasteurization, as well as against extremely acidic conditions and high bile salt concentrations. After 28 days of storage at 4°C, the bacteria coated with the using of olibanum gum in the first

This study was aimed to compare the performance of flour mills in Baghdad governorate during 2019. A sample of 53 mills were collected, divided into four categories according to their productivity. The technical and economic efficiency were estimated according to the data envelope method with an input oriented. The results showed that the values of the general average of scale efficiency and technical efficiency constant CRS, and variable return to scale VRS for the sample in the first half according to its production capacity of the mills amounted to (0.876, 0.937, 0.937)% respectively. Compared to the results of the second period (0.896, 0.952, 0.941) %, respectively. As for the results of allocative and econom

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and some type 1 fimbriae adhesion genes. A total of 120 urine specimens were obtained from different patients with UTIs during October 2022 to February 2023 from several Baghdad hospitals. Morphological, biochemical and molecular tests were utilized for identifying E. coli isolates. The results were shown that only 80 (66.7%) of isolates were identified as E. coli. Twelve antimicrobial discs were utilized for evaluate the ability of E. coli isolate to resistant these antimicrobials. The results revealed that 98.8% of isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (AMP), followed by

The impact of Jurisprudence Rules in Addressing Contemporary security Challenges

Islamic jurisprudence is related to various fields of knowledge, as it is a science of great value, great in impact, and among the most prominent features of jurisprudence comes the jurisprudence rules. It regulates the principles of the doctrine for the jurist. Therefore, the main this research focuses on (the impact of jurisprudence rules in addressing contemporary security challenges). It is the relationship between jurisprudence rules and achieving security. Its fruit would be a statement of the distinguished impact of jurisprudence rules on the stability of the country, and its leading role in maintaining, strengthening, and pre

Alsweira research farm (44.823410 and 44.823040 N, 33.012701 and 33.012090 E) of an area of 5000 Da., was selected to conduct the UAV’s photogrammetry interpretation to delineate and separate soil units at the series level in collaboration with the measured RGB vegetation indices derived from their data. Visual interpretation of mosaic and the vegetation indices efficiently eased the delineation process of soil series map. RGB indices measured form UAV’s imagery were efficient in delineating soil units, and they showed significant relationships with above ground biomass where the later is representing the vegetation cover in the study area. NGRDI, ExG, NExG, and RGBVI showed high correlation with above ground biomass (g m

This study explored the effect of different reproductive stages on some blood metabolic biomarkers of the show and racehorse mares in Iraq. We selected eighteen show mares and fifteen racehorse mares and divided them into three categories: last month of pregnancy, post-foaling, and first month of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected twice via jugular venipuncture, and blood biochemical metabolic biomarkers were evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) and high liquid chromatography (HPLC). A significant (P≤0.05) increase was observed for the concentration of serum glucose and creatine of pregnant show horse mares in the last month compared to the remaining stages. Serum fatty acid concentrations were numerically higher in the la