Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immune therapy used to treat different types of cancers. These drugs block different checkpoint proteins, for example, CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 inhibitors.

They block proteins that stop the immune system from attacking the cancer cells.  Checkpoints are also described as a type of monoclonal antibody that antagonizes binding between B7 to CTLA-4 and PD-L1 to PD-1.

 Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat BARCA mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCS) in patients who do not respond to chemotherapy, and also in the treatment of highly mutated and solid tumors such as brain tumors, liver, and pancreatic cancers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit an effect on solid tumo

Let R be a commutative ring with identity 1 and M be a unitary left R-module. A submodule N of an R-module M is said to be pure relative to submodule T of M (Simply T-pure) if for each ideal A of R, N?AM=AN+T?(N?AM). In this paper, the properties of the following concepts were studied: Pure essential submodules relative to submodule T of M (Simply T-pure essential),Pure closed submodules relative to submodule T of M (Simply T-pure closed) and relative pure complement submodule relative to submodule T of M (Simply T-pure complement) and T-purely extending. We prove that; Let M be a T-purely extending module and let N be a T-pure submodule of M. If M has the T-PIP, then N is T-purely extending.

من الاكتشافات العلمية الحديثة اكتشاف مركب النايترك اوكسيد  الذي ينتج في بطانة الاوعية الدموية ويعمل على توسيعها فيزيد تدفق الدم فيها وبالتالي زيادة الاوكسجين المنقول بواسطة الدم الى العضلات لإنتاج الطاقة, وجدت الباحثة ضرورة ادخال اختبار النايترك اوكسيد على المجال الرياضي وهو معتمد اصلا في المجال الطبي لقياس توسع الاوعية الدموية ليستخدمه الاكاديميين والمدربين في المجال الرياضي  لاعطاء مؤشر على

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على درجة الالتزام والضغوط المهنية التي يواجهها الموظفين العاملين في المديرية العامة للتربية الرياضية والنشاط المدرسي، والتعرف على علاقة الضغوط المهنية بالالتزام لديهم، واستعملت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب المسح، وتم اختيار مجتمع البحث بالطريقة العمدية من موظفي المديرية العامة للتربية الرياضية والنشاط المدرسي، والبالغ عددهم (112) موظفاُ وموظفة، وبلغ حجم عينة البحث (65) موظفاً وموظقة،

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف درجة ممارسة التنمر لدى المشاركين وغير المشاركين في الأنشطة الرياضية، تكونت عينة الدراسة من طلبة المرحلتين الأساسية العليا و الثانوية في المدارس التابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم للواءي الطيبة و الوسطية في محافظة اربد، والبالغ عددهم (279) منهم (124)  طالبا وطالبة من الطلبة الموهوبين رياضيا والملتحقين في جميع المسابقات الرياضية  الجماعية والفردية، و كذلك  (155)  طا

To achieve excellence in the quality of performance in school sports administration, which has suffered a lot of problems and constraints on the administrative system, supervision and education level as well as the regulatory environment and available resources available and contribute to the provision of some processors and overcome difficulties to participate in the formation of the individual good of itself and society through sports activities. Hence the importance came this study to create a reference to the quality of the performance criteria school sports from the perspective of supervisors (specialists and technicians) in the districts of breeding Baghdad, to be of help to all those involved in school sports and maintaining an excep

This study investigates the impact of spatial resolution enhancement on supervised classification accuracy using Landsat 9 satellite imagery, achieved through pan-sharpening techniques leveraging Sentinel-2 data. Various methods were employed to synthesize a panchromatic (PAN) band from Sentinel-2 data, including dimension reduction algorithms and weighted averages based on correlation coefficients and standard deviation. Three pan-sharpening algorithms (Gram-Schmidt, Principal Components Analysis, Nearest Neighbour Diffusion) were employed, and their efficacy was assessed using seven fidelity criteria. Classification tasks were performed utilizing Support Vector Machine and Maximum Likelihood algorithms. Results reveal that specifi

The study explored applications of artificial intelligence and its dialectical relationship with international human rights law of individuals, which requires assessing the effects of this technology on human rights and freedoms. The problem of privacy of humanity, as AI technologies can control human rights and freedoms, while monitoring potential violations in this context. The study use of documentary research and qualitative lens to analyze the data. In conclusion, unawareness of the use of AI may impose significant hurdles on future generations and may infringe on human rights across all sectors of society. The government should mandate obligations for artificial intelligence businesses concerning education, health, human right

Econazole nitrate (EN) is considered as the most effective agent for the treatment of all forms of
dermatomycosis caused by dermatophytes. This study was carried out to formulate a stable
Econazole nitrate solution for a topical use through preparation of different formulas and selected
the most suitable one. The results indicated that the use of propylene glycol and ethanol as a vehicle
for EN which is very slightly soluble in water gave amore stable formula as EN topical solution,
with a shelf life of about 3.15 years .The data also indicated that the light accelerated the
degradation of EN, while the type of container (glass or plastic) had no effect on the rate of drug.
The overall results of this study suggest t

This study's primary objective is to examine the structural behavior of using 2C-Cold produced. Section Castellated beams when subjected to monotonic load till failure. The experimental program testing. Seven Fabricated samples of castellated steel beams and one sample, which is a non-castellated steel beam (reference beam), were tested as supported beams under concentrated loads at two points over a clear span length (1730 mm). All castellated steel beams were similar in all properties and dimensions except the breadth of the upper and lower flanges. The current study considers the implications of modifying the width of the top and bottom flanges on how these beams behave. The findings showed that the ratio of the teste

This study is taken from the doctoral thesis that I prepared in the year 2000 at the University of Bordeaux in France under the title “ Ali bin Abi Talib Imam and Calif “. This thesis was prepared as a continuation of what the French orientalism Louis Massignon wrote about Islam and his student Henry Corbin, who introduced Europeans to Shiism. This study represents the philosophy of dialogue and the unity of the Islamic Emma as one of the most important methods used by Imam Ali.

Imam Ali established the most beautiful, creative, and most complete rules of human dialogue that preserve the unity of the nation’s fabric and preserves human dignity. Imam Ali referred to basic principles foundations to reach this goals, including

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the esthetic smile in sample of Iraqi adults and to assess the gender differences. Materials and Methods: 100 persons (50malesand 50 females had class I normal dental and skeletal selected for this study.Clinical examination and digital photograph with posed smile were performed for each individual. Six linear soft tissue parameters in each photograph using AutoCAD program 2011. Five visual and four quantitative evaluations of the smile were studied for eachsubject. The smile arch and index, buccal corridor spaces (BCSs) were studied.Descriptive statistics of the measurements were calculated. Independent student’s ttestswere used to evaluate the gender differences. Statistics: Desc

Objectives: To assess the changes in blood vessel stiffness and digital pulse wave amplitude because of flowmediateddilatation, and to explore how these two variables change when endothelial dysfunction isexperimentally induced.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the departments of physiology at the College of Medicine,Mustansiriyah University, and the College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq, from October 14, 2021, toMay 31, 2022, and comprised healthy young males who were subjected to the flow-mediated dilatation techniqueon the left brachial artery. Pulse transit time and the amplitude of the digital pulse wave were measured duringreactive hyperaemia for 2.5 minutes from the left middle finger using a

It research and descriptive sample of players Handball number (21) player (Club Husseiniya) The research aims to identify the relationship between certain components of blood and immunological speed the transition has been a test speed the transition in addition to the withdrawal of a blood sample after (5-10) minutes on the test to identify the nature of the correlation between speed and some transitional immune blood Mkonaght. The importance of research in identifying the relationship element speed in the game where one of the key elements in this game and some blood components immune where there is little of the studies, which focused on the nature of the relationship between exercise and immune blood, especially in a game of handball, e

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gene action on grain yield and yield components of maize(Zea mays L.) using generation mean analysis method for six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁,F₂, Bc₁ and Bc₂ )of two crosses of maize (H40×un44052)and (Ik8×Hs). The analysis of variance shows significant differences between generation means. Generation mean analysis revealed that the non-additive effect for plant height, No.of kernels row^-1, 300- kernel weight and grain yield

The objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of gibberellin and nutrients on growth and yield of potatoes. Factorial experiment (4 × 5) within randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out during two spring seasons (2016 and 2017) on potato plant var. Burren. The experiment for the first season was conducted in the fields of the Ministry of Agriculture while the season was at the fields of Agriculture College University of Baghdad. The experiment included foliar application of gibberellin using different concentrations 0, 50, 100, 200 mg.L^-1 and symbolized as GA3(0), GA3(1), GA3(2) and GA3(3), respectively. The second factor

The main objective of this study is to understand the work of the pile caps made of lightweight aerated foam concrete and study the many factors affecting the ability and the capacity of the shear. The study was done by analyzing previous practical and theoretical experiences on the reinforced concrete pile caps. The previous practical results indicated that all specimens failed by shear diagonal compression or tension modes except one specimen that failed flexural-shear mode. Based on test specimens' practical results and behavior, some theoretical methods for estimating the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete pile caps have been recommended, some of which evolved into the design documents available on the subject.

المستخلص

انطلقت فكرة البحث من التحديات التي تواجه السياقات الحضرية وانظمتها المتنوعة في المدينة التي تمثِّل أحد توجهات التخطيط العمراني في مواجهة مشكلة الانقطاع والانفصال الذي أثَّرت على المشهد الحضري في وقتنا الحاضر، ركَّز البحث على دراسة الأنظمة الحضرية ومدى قدرتها على الاستجابة للتحفيز الحضري بفعل التغيرات والتحولات التي تشهدها المدينة، واعتبرت أن إضافة مباني محفزة تمتلك مقومات رمزية الدور في ت

Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused primarily by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The initial viral infection by EBV occurs in B lymphocytes and is followed by an extensive proliferation of T lymphocytes. Previous studies on immunity to EBV (including IM) have mainly focused on activation of peripheral blood T cells, which are responsible for the lymphocytosis in blood during acute IM.
Patients and Methods: Indirect immunofluorescence technique analysis was performed to detect the percentage of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56 positive lymphocytes.
Results: Our results on the phenotype of T cells in samples from patients with infectious mononucleosis sh

Throughout the ages,the methods of human production, exchange, and communication have not changed,and lifestyles have not witnessed rapid and comprehensive changes except since the presence of advanced and modern technologies for information and communication, which led to the emergence of new patterns of intellectual works and innovations that are dealt with and circulated through the virtual medium.These innovations are in many legal disputes, and domain names are one of the most important foundations of information networks, as they are the key to entering the virtual world and distinguishing websites. Because of the novelty of domain names,many attacks have occurred on them, which are closely related to intellectual property rights. And

    The aim of present study to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium Spp. in broiler
chickens in some regions of Karbala province and study the effect of months, sex and age on the
prevalence of parasite. The results were indicated that the overall percentage of infection was
20.71%. The highest rate of infection in Al-Husseiniya which amounted to 22.41% and the lowest
in the Ain Al-Tamur region (18.86%), while the highest rate of infection was in March which
amounted to 30% and the least in May month reaching 11.42%, and by age groups was the highest
rate of infection at the age of five weeks (28.72%) and the lowest at the age of two weeks (13.18%),
and significant difference was recor

This work was conducted to study the coefficient of performance for solar absorption refrigeration by using direct solar energy using aqueous ammonia 0.45 mass fraction (ammonia – water).The experiments were carried out in solar absorption system .The system consisted of solar collector generator (0.25 m × 0.25 m × 0.04m) and condenser cooled by a water bath followed by liquid receiver and evaporator. The results showed that the maximum generator temperature was (92° - 97°) during June 2009, and the minimum evaporator temperature was (5°C - 10°C) for aqua ammonia system.. It was, also, found that the coefficient of performance, cooling ratio and amount of cooling obtainable increased with increasing maximum generator temperature

من خلال ادراك مدرسة المادة لأهمية أنماط التعلم الفردية ودورها في تحسين التعلم , ليمكنها أن تتقدم بطالباتها وتجعلهن يتفوقن في تعلم مهارات السباحة وذلك من خلال تحديد أنماط التعلم لديهن في درس السباحة, لتمكينهن من تنمية قدراتهن المعرفية والعملية والتغلب على نقاط الضعف, وتعزيز نقاط القوة. والمشكلة حددت في السؤال التالي: ما هو النمط المناسب لتعلم مهارات السباحة الحرة لدى طالبات المرحلة الثالثة في كلية التربية ا

Lignans are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are composed of two β-β-linked phenylpropane (shikimate-derived biogenetic subunits). Although the backbone of lignans is composed of phenylpropane units, there is enormous diversity in the structure of lignans leading to different classes of lignans, such as γ-butyrolactone derivatives, eg. Hymatairesinol, bicyclooctadiene derivatives, e.g. pinoresinol, tetrahydrofuran derivatives e.g.lariciresinol, di-arylbutandiol derivatives, e.g. secoisolariciresinol. Introduction of a further carbon –carbon linkage leads to a class of lignans collectively known as cyclolignans such as tetrahydro-naphthalene derivatives, for example podophyllotoxin. Lignans ha

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in females. In Iraq there are noticeable elevation in incidence rates and prevalence of advanced stages of breast cancer. Ferritin is intracellular iron storage protein abundant in circulation and its main application in differential diagnosis of anemia.

The level of serum ferritin was found raised in various cancers including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether the serum ferritin concentration would be altered in Iraqi women with breast cancer and it could be related to progression of disease.

Sixty eight females participated in this study. The mean age of these females was 53.25± 9.52 .The level of serum ferritin was measured in 24

In vitro antifungal susceptibility test of itraconazole was carried out against 38 isolates from nails, skin, oral cavity, vagina and wounds, This study was done in Ramadi Teaching Hospital in period from January to August 2010. According to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS ) M 27- A by using the broth dilution method. Inoculum size was 1-5X10³ CFU/ ml, while final concentrations of itraconazole ranged from 0.025 – 6.4 μg / ml by using RPMI – 1640 broth media and the fungus was incubated at 35 ^oC.  No resistant stain was recorded. MIC ranged from 0.05 – 6.4 μg / ml and the Mean ± SEM was 0.89 ± 0.28. MIC for nail isolates was 0.05 –