تصدر العمل لخدمة المجتمع بصوره المختلفة قائمة بدائل العقوبات السالبة للحرية، باعتباره عقوبة بديلة للحبس قصير المدة في بعض من الجرائم، وقد أثبتت التجربة نجاح هذا البديل في تجنيب المحكوم عليه بها الاثار السلبية للسجن من جميع النواحي الاجتماعية والنفسية وحتى الاقتصادية وتعالج من جانب آخر مشكلة اكتظاظ السجون. وتتمثل هذه العقوبة بإلزام المحكوم عليه بالعمل لساعات معينة في جهات محددة وضمن مدة معينة يحددها المش

In this paper thermo-hydrodynamic characteristics were investigated experimentally for a new type shell-helical coiled tube heat exchanger used as a storage tank of closed loop solar water heater system. Triple concentric helical coils were made of copper tubes of (12.5mm OD and 10mm ID) with coils diameter of (207, 152.2, 97mm) for outer, middle and inner coils respectively. The experiments were carried out during a clear sky days of (March and April 2012). The parameters studied in this work are: history of average temperature of shell side of the storage tank, collector heat gain, heat rejected from coils to shell side of the storage tank, collector efficiency, thermal effectiveness of the heat exchanger (storage tank), and pressure d

تناولت هذه الدراسة الخصائص الجيوتكنيكية لتربة محافظات بغداد وديالى وواسط وبابل واعتمدت على
الاستقراء والمقارنة والتحليل لخصائص التربة. حيث شملت هذه الدراسة جمع المعلومات وتبويبها وتحليلها
.(15 m) 7 …" ) ولحد عمق ,5 ,3 ,1 " m) ثم رسم خرائط جيوتكنيكية لكل خاصية ولأعماق
وشملت الخصائص المدروسة دراسة حدود القوام (حد السيولة ودليل اللدونة) ووزن وحدة الحجم الجاف نسبة
الفراغ الابتدائية ونسبة المواد الناعمة ومقاومة

The capacity of Tigris River to transport the sediment within Al Mosul City is one of the most important
characteristics of the river. Establishment of islands within this reach of the river because of decreasing the discharge of Tigris River can be controlled through studying this characteristic. Establishment of these
islands and increase of the sediment deposition in the river reach affect the water treatment plants and the urban and industrial activities that are located on the banks of this reach. A steady one dimensional mathematical model for simulating the flow and estimating the sediment transport capacity of the studied reach was implemented and run by using the HEC-RAS (Version 3.1.3) software and making use of recorded

The aim of the current research is to construct a scale of emotional adjustment for kindergarten children and to set a standard for its evaluation. To achieve this, a scale consisting of (19) items was prepared. The mother of the child answered by adopting the method of self-report, which is expressed in the form of reporting terms, as each item represents a situation in the child's life and each situation has three alternatives to answer that represent various responses to the mentioned situation. One of the alternatives represents the emotionally adaptive response, which is given a degree (3), the second response expresses the emotional adjustment partly that took the degree of (2), and the third response expresses the weakness of emot

يسعى هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن الأثر النفسي في الاستعمال الزمني للفعل في شعر أبي فراس ،وكذلك الكشف عن حقيقة ارتباط الزمن الفعلي بالانفعال النفسي للمتكلم ،وبينتُ هذا عن طريق بحثي عن الدلالات النفسية لصيغ الأفعال في شعر أبي فراس الذي يطغى فيه الجانب الانفعالي ويقوى، وذلك لأن السمة البارزة على شعره هي الصدق العاطفي ،وهذا ساعد على النهوض بالفكر العامة للبحث ،ذلك إن اللغة هي انعكاس لكوامن النفس البشرية .

والتز

Objectives: study the relation between the effect of time (long time duration) with high concentration of iodine
and study its effect on the activity of the thyroid gland (hormonal and histological changes).
Methodology: An experimental study was done on (30) albino rats (8 weeks of age) to know the effect of high
concentration of iodine on the activity of the thyroid gland (hormonal and histological changes) related with
time. The study last for six months for the period of 1/2/2007 to 31/7/2007, the experiment was carried out in the
research lab. of pathology department, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad.
Results: The study shows changes in hormonal levels of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) and also histologic

Because of the time and expense involved in performing consolidation tests, it is often desirable to obtain approximate values of (C, and C,) by using other soil properties which are more easily determined. The literature contains numerous equations linking soil compressibility to its physical and index properlies. As these equations are often used to obtain preliminary evaluations of (C) and (C,), it is important to know the reliability of these equations.

In this paper an attempt was made to estimate (C, and C.) of Baghdad cohesive soil from other soil properties. A number of commonly used empirical correlation equations that have been developed during the last six decades to estimate (C, and C,) were compiled and evaluated. Th

Aluminum-magnesium alloy has been anodized using chromic acid as an electrolyte. The effect of voltage in the range of 15-60V, electrolyte concentration in the range of 20-110 g/l, electrolyte temperature in the range of 30-60 °C and time of exposure in the range 25-85 minutes on the coating weight of the anodic film are studied. The experimental data was fitted in terms of the coating weight and the coefficients of third order polynomial are estimated. Optimum conditions of the studied variables are predicted and found equal to 32V, 85 g/1, 50 °C and 70 minutes.

A load flow program is developed using MATLAB and based on the Newton–Raphson method,which shows very fast and efficient rate of convergence as well as computationally the proposed method is very efficient and it requires less computer memory through the use of sparsing method and other methods in programming to accelerate the run speed to be near the real time.
The designed program computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus of the network under steady–state operating conditions. It also computes the power flow and power losses for all equipment, including transformers and transmission lines taking into consideration the effects of off–nominal, tap and phase shift transformers, generators, shunt capacitors, sh

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the forced convection heat transfer by clean or dusty air in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two vertical concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder is of (82 mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of (27 mm) outside diameter. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at an ambient temperature. The investigation covered values of input power of (6.3, 4.884, 4.04 and 3.26 W), Reynolds number values of (300, 700, 1000, 1500, and 2000) and dust ratio values (density number N) of (2, 4, 6 and 8). A comput

Surface modeling utilizing Bezier technique is one of the more important tool in computer aided geometric design (CAD). The aim of this work is to design and implement multi-patches Bezier free-form surface. The technique has an effective contribution in technology domains and in ships, aircrafts, and cars industry, moreover for its wide utilization in making the molds. This work is includes the synthesis of these patches in a method that is allow the participation of these control point for the merge of the patches, and the confluence of patches at similar degree sides due to degree variation per patch.  The model has been implemented to represent the surface. The interior data of the desired surfaces designed by M

Crop coefficient for cherries was evaluated by measure the water consumption in Michigan State to find its variation with time as the plant growth. Crop coefficients value (Kc) for cherries were predicated by Michigan State University (MSU) and also by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) according to consume of water through the season. In this paper crop coefficients for cherries are modified accordingly to the actual measurements of soil moisture content. Actual evapotranspiration (consumptive use) were measured by the soil moisture readings using Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR), and compared with the actual potential evapotranspiration that calculated by using modified Penman-Monteith equation which depends on metrological statio

Buckling analysis of composite laminates for critical thermal (uniform and linear) and mechanical loads is reported here. The objective of this work is to carry out theoretical investigation of buckling analysis of composite plates under thermomechanical loads, and experimental investigation under mechanical loads. The analytical investigation involved certain mathematical preliminaries, a study of equations of orthotropic elasticity for classical laminated plate theory (CLPT), higher order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) , and numerical analysis (Finite element method), then the equation of motion are derived and solved using Navier method and Levy method for symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminated plates t

This work deals with preparation of zeolite 5A from Dewekhala kaolin clay in Al-Anbar region for drying and desulphurization of liquefied petroleum gas. The preparation of zeolite 5A includes treating kaolin clay with dilute hydrochloric acid 1N, treating metakaolin with NaOH solution to prepare 4A zeolite, ion exchange, and formation. For preparation of zeolite 4A, metakaolin treated at different temperatures (40, 60, 80, 90, and 100 °C) with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution (1, 2, 3, and 4 N) for 2 hours. The zeolite samples give the best relative crystallinity of zeolite prepared at 80 °C with NaOH concentration 3N (199%), and at 90 and 100°C with NaOH concentration solution 2N (184% and 189%, respectively). Ze

This experiment aimed to study the effect of diet supplementation with
feed enzyme (Poultrygrow) or chromium yeast (Biochrom) on the intestinal
microbial balance of broiler chicks. A total of 300 broiler chicks, one day old,
were randomly allocated into three treatment groups and named T1, T2 and T3
respectively. Chicks in T1 used as control while chicks in T2 and T3 were feed
diets with two feed additives, Poultrygrow and Biochrom, respectively.
The data show that the two feed additives were decreased the total
bacterial count and coliform count in crop, Jujinum and large intestine but the
statistical analysis showed that the effect were not significant. Supplementation
of diet with Biochrom were significantly

لقد أولى هذا البحث إهتماماً بدراسة موضوع التراضي في التعاقد بوسيلة الكترونية مع أي شخص عموماً، ومع مهني على وجه الخصوص. وذلك في ضوء القانون المدني الفرنسي المعدل بمقتضى المرسوم رقم 131-2016 والخاص بقانون العقود، والنظرية العامة للإلتزامات وإثباتها. وتهدف الدراسة الى إفادة القانون العراقي من القواعد الخاصة لقانون العقود الفرنسي الجديد كقواعد نموذجية يحتذى بها. وذلك فيما يتعلق بالتعبير عن التراضي في التعاقد بو

The social tolerance is one of the important variables in personality; it helps growth and development of individual's personality. Theories and the students affirmed that social Tolerance affects the society growth and development as well.
The presents study aims:
1. Estimating the social Tolerance for Baghdad College students.
2. Realizing how College students vary in social Tolerance according to:
Sex, (Male, Female) ٍSpecialization (Scientific, Humanity).
3. Realizing the nature of relationship between social Tolerance of College students and father and mother styles. To achieve this research goals the researcher established parameter (scale) for social Tolerance applied to sample of (500) students male and female. Th

This research was aimed to reveal the level of wheat crop productivity in Iraq by forecasting it using Markov chains for the period 2019-2022 , also exploring ways to improve the productivity of the crop under investigation by studying recent predictive values that are mainly based on previous data not far away.  The problem of the study is the low productivity of wheat crop and its failure to achieve levels comparable to global and regional productivity. As long as it represents a permanent problem, this calls for concern that casts a shadow on other aspects such as self-sufficiency in this crop and endangering food security at risk. The results showed a continued decrease in the productivity of the wheat crop due to the su

The current experiment was designed to investigate the effect of zeranol implantation on lambs and goats’ kids raised under commercial conditions. Ten male Awassi lambs (AL) (4-5 months old) with an average body weight of 33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 10 male black goat kids (GK) (3-4 months old) with an average body weight of 18.8 ± 0.7 kg were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in Berebuhar village close to Duhok city in May the 15^th, 2019The animals from each group were randomly divided into two subgroups, the first group was the control group and the other group was implanted with 24 mg zeranol. The animals were grown for 43 days and then slaughtered. Growth rate, average daily gain and carcass characteri

Phishing detection is considered a critical problem in cybersecurity, and utilising machine learning with an efficient feature selection method for precisely identifying malicious websites is deemed the most critical challenge. This research presents a two-phase phishing detection system by employing unsupervised feature selection and supervised classification. In the first phase, the best set of features is identified by the Genetic algorithm and is utilised by the K-means clustering algorithm to divide the dataset into groups with similar traits. In the second phase, the best set of features in each group is identified through the Genetic algorithm to enhance the classification process. Finally, a voting ensemble technique is applied,

The physical and social structure of urban residential areas is affected by public open spaces in positive and negative ways. Public spaces serve as the basis for the growth of urban life that promotes physical activities and social relations. The research addressed the problem of lack of knowledge about the mechanisms that contribute to achieving healthy and lively public places according to spatial characteristics. It aimed to develop and improve public places through a more comprehensive knowledge of the effective spatial characteristics that contribute to enhancing the value of public places. The research assumed the existence of a correlation between vital spatial characteristics and healthy environments. For the pu

لما كانت العلاقه بين الاولاد  ووالديهم  مؤثره في تحديد شخصيتهم وتطويرهم اجتماعيا , اصبح من الضروري ان ندرك بان هناك انواع مختلفه من اساليب المعامله الوالديه لكن الشائع عن اسلوب التنشئه الوالديه في العراق هو الاسلوب التسلطي الذي يفرض فيه الاب بالذات اكثر من الام اراء  ومعتقدات ويتحكم في اتخاذ القرارات نيابه عن الابناء وحتى عن الزوجه في كثير من الاحيان وقلما يتنازل الاب عن هذه الحقوق . انه

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the sewage treatment plant in Al- Diwaniya, one of cities in the southern part in Iraq. This evaluation could be used to facilitate effluent quality assessment or optimal process control of the plant. The influent reaching the plant is considered a medium to strong in strength with BOD5/COD ratio in the range 0.23 and 0.69 which can be considered an easily degradable sewage by the biological processes performed by the activated sludge unit. The quality of the effluent was found to be higher than the Iraqi standards for disposal to water bodies. The BOD5/COD ratios of the treated sewage varied over a wide range as low of 0.13 to 1.48 indicating operational problems in the plant. Regressio

Different frequency distributions models were fitted to the monthly data of raw water Turbidity at water treatment plants (WTPs) along Tigris River in Baghdad. Eight water treatment plants in Baghdad were selected, with raw water turbidity data for the period (2008-2014). The frequency distribution models used in this study are the Normal, Log-normal, Weibull, Exponential and two parameters Gamma type. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the goodness of fit. The data for years (2008-2011) were used for building the models. The best fitted distributions were Log-Normal (LN) for Al-Karkh, Al-Wathbah, Al-Qadisiya, Al- Dawrah and, Al-Rashid WTPs. Gamma distribution fitted well for East Tigris and Al-Karamah WTPs. As for Al-

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the Prevalence of Excessive daytime sleepiness in Iraqi medical students

Background: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a common problem among medical students, which can lead to poor academic performance, decreased quality of life, and increased risk of accidents. Understanding the factors associated with this sleepiness can help in developing effective interventions to improve the sleep quality and overall well-being of medical students

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out in October 2022 by filling a google form. Colleges of medicine in Iraq. The study targeted 250 medical students, using basic random sam

The impacts of the inflammatory process on neoplasia development were observed in many cancer, it has a great role in the etiology, development and progression of invasive colorectal tumors. This study was designed to investigate the BRAF mutation and assist the clinicopathological parameter in some Iraqi bowel inflammation and colorectal cancer patients. Thirty patients were enrolled in this study (15 suffering bowel inflammation and 15 having colorectal cancer). BRAF gene was screened for the presence of mutations using PCR technique and direct  sequencing. .The results revealed no BRAF mutation in position 1799 for exon fifteen in both samples of bowel inflammation and colorectal cancer. These results were confirmed previous arti

In this work, new kinds of blocking sets in a projective plane over Galois field PG(2,q) can be obtained. These kinds are called the complete blocking set and maximum blocking set. Some results can be obtained about them.

This study was conducted  to explain the possibility of lyophilization of low– density lipoprotein (LDL)  that is extracted from the egg yolk to be used instead of the egg yolk in  an  extender semen that belong to the Awassi sheep and their effect on the characteristics of the semen after five days of cryopreservation, as well as to get low-density Lipoprotein, steriled and lyophilized (powder) lipoprotein that can be stored for a long time to used when needed. The study  was conducted in the from July 2015 to February  2016. The first stage started from July until  August 2015  the (LDL) was extracted from fresh egg. The second stage in August 2015. the liquid (LDL) has been lyophilized