In light of what constitutes the cultural factor from a great importance in the context of the incorporation of an active and participant civil society in the process of democracy- building and the achievement of political development, this article tries to look at the concept of the political culture and the civil society with the stand on the nature of existing relationship between them in its theoretical part, then the move to dissection of the civil society crisis in Algeria under the prevalent cultural values for understanding the relationship between the two variables in its empirical part, as a step towards the detection on the pivoting of democratic values in activating the political participation and attainment the democratic co

The public rights and freedoms are important constitutional issues; hence, all countries confirm them within the constitutional and legal texts. The principle of equality is considered one of the fundamental principles of the public rights and freedoms; therefore, all authorities must sponsor equality and maintain it, even though it is difficult to achieve equality in absolute terms among all individuals. The constitutional courts use various concepts that affect their rulings, based on their interpretation and determination of the concept of the principle of equality, because there are several understandings of the “principle of equality”.

 A careful reading of the judicial decisions reveals different meanings to the co

Disabled people are among the most important groups that need attention, care, and financial and moral care. They cannot fulfill the requirement of life normally without care from a person to meet their special needs. The disability is either mental or physical. The Iraqi government has paid attention to this category by adopting a law for this category, represented by Law No. (38) for the year (2013), which keeps their rights and duties in Iraqi society by  establishing institution of persons with disabilities and special needs of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs to create a modern society politically, socially, culturally or economically. In view of the importance of this group in society, the media reinforces the communit

It emerged as the issue of counter - terrorism recently on international levels and internal as a result of the increase in terrorist acts and committed in various countries، resulting in loss of lives and money so concerned with countries in this issue and the need to combat and eliminate the negative destructive effects that have become affect the prestige and integrity of States and stability.

 As a result followed criminal legislation at the international and domestic incriminatory policy may be varied somewhat in order to confront terrorist crimes by criminalizing certain acts that constitute the crime of terrorist At the international level ، several global and regional international conventions held to combat this p

The phenomenon of illegal immigration is a global phenomenon that threatens the security and stability of the majority of countries. This matter prompted the international community to exert efforts and cooperate in order to combat it or reduce its effects. This was done through the development regional levels to eliminate the phenomenon of illegal immigration.

Each person has his own place in society but he may loss his place by commtting deeds reveal by them dishonest behviours that may lessen his respect and trust by society . Mean that time those deeds connted as crime, so, the criminal lawmaker describes them as crimes violate thehonor. Those crimes were mentioned in the penalty law as for exemplification but not specification, which needs more study for that description from the point of view of ability of the results depend on the description . Specially, those crimes may be committed by anyone. Who exposed to disciplinary punishments follows the imposed punishments which assigned by the law of punishments to protect the honesty of the public job.

تكفل الدساتير الملكية العامة للمواطنين جميعاً ⁽¹⁾، كما تصون الملكية الخاصة ⁽²⁾، والملاحظ بجلاء أن الدستور في اطار حمايته للملكية العامة والخاصة يطلقهما دون مقيد، ويعممهما دون مخصص، ومؤداه أن الأصل هو ضمان الملكية بنطاقها الشخصي والموضوعي المطلق أما الاستثناء عليهما يستوجب التصريح ولا تغني الدلالة أو التأويل دون نص مخصص أو مقيد يرد في الدستور، مما يتطلب من القضاء الدستوري أن يبسط ولايته على حماية

Academic freedom is a human right, and if human rights are general rights, academic freedom is a special freedom for members of the academic community. Despite the modernity of the term "academic freedom", its content was not the result of the contemporary state of scientific academic bodies, That the development of the importance of this term coincided with the development of the exercise of public freedoms, and increased interest in and protection, so the number and expanded images of academic freedom, and was a manifestation of interest in this freedom to try to determine the content or what it is and pictures, The first of these guarantees is the supervision of the constitutionality of the laws, which are carried out through judicial

      The research aims to study the estimation of compensation due to those affected by terrorist acts, guided by the legal systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the experience of the French and Egyptian legislators, beginning with the dispute over the definition of terrorist act, and analyzing the extent of countries’ commitment to compensating those injured by terrorist acts, the legal basis for compensation for damage, and how the injured person is entitled to compensation and its relationship to standards Compensation and how to estimate it.

              The research reached several results, including the multiplicity of legal t

The dependency means the existence of a subordinate to whom a dependant is attached and extends his judgment to him, being and nothing, Dependency has elements that must be available to achieve the dependency relationship, which is the existence of dependent and master with a link join the first to the second, and dependency may be between two obligations, between two rights, or between two things, And we suggested the nature of the obligation as a criterion for verifying the existence of dependency , Which requires the subordinate's attachment to the master with a permanent fateful bond so that one of them does not separate from the other, for the existence of the follower is associated with the existence of the master and it does not e