English has for long been one of the most widely used media of communication globally, especially in the Malaysian universities. It has been termed as a Lingua Franca because it is shared with other languages which are considered first languages by different speakers. For this reason, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has attracted a number of researchers to investigate its variety via other languages in various communities. The objective of this paper is therefore to establish the strategies which are employing by the international students at the National University of Malaysia/ UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as an example of one of the Malaysian universities; when they engage in a conversation in their classrooms to avoid the difficulty of understanding the language in the lingua Franca context. UKM has a number of Non-Native English speakers (NNESs), international students who are also multilingual and cannot understand the indigenous Malay, Chinese and Tamil languages. Therefore the mode of teaching and the way they interact with each other becomes hard for them as they try to understand each other despite their origin. This has created a need for a common and international media of communication; which can concluded by the English language. English has been identified as one of the most widely used media of communication among these students. The current article aimed to find out the strategies which employ by the multilingual students at UKM as they try to communicate to each other through conversations and discussions inside the classrooms in the context of being a lingua Franca .This objective is achieved through voice recordings of conversations made between three master students . The data is analyzed using the conversational Analysis (CA) based on Hymes’ 1972 model of speaking.
على وفق ستراتيجية توظيف الامكانيات الاسلوبية والفنية والجمالية للحوار بنوعيه( الحوار الداخلي ) و( الحوار الخارجي ) استطاعت الكاتبة ان تمنح روايتها ( ذاكرة الجسد ) خصوصيتها الادبية .فعلى مستوى الوظيفة البنائية اسهم الحوار في التشكيل الزمني لبناء الرواية ،وتقديم الشخصية ،وبناء الحدث وتطويره .وعلى المستوى الاسلوبي نجد أن الحوار تجاوز وظيفته الاخبارية الى وظيفة التأثير في المتلقي من خلال الافادة من معطيات المسر
... Show MoreThe fashion accused important optical avenge with the rest of visual elements
, That style of fashion design stir up beautiful feelings by using fashion forming
that is suitable with the nature of designable treatments to other elements .
The fashions contains the nature of relation ships of educational address and
the kind of beliefs , So the visual beauty is limited for those relation which are the
designer fashion tried to redesign and set them anew . so as to goes with beautifully
with the last visual for fashions.
The Holy Koran is the highest text in the eloquence, It is one of the
important sources of the linguistic syntactic and eloquent study; it impacts
upon these sciences Avery intense impact through advancing its verses as an
argument in the confirmation of the significance of the term
The holy Koran was and still the fountain of the linguistic studies, as
they tend towards it since the second century of the hegira. So this research is
a study of the expressive terms concerning the rain in the holly Koran, a
linguistic study; it aims to study the term concerning its linguistic and
conjugate significance and its expression concerning the rain through reality
and metaphor.
كان الفساد وما زال أحد المواضيع الرئيسة التي شغلت اهتمام الباحثين والدارسين في المجالات المعرفية المختلفة بضمنها المجال الإداري نظراً للتأثير السلبي والمباشر لإدارات المؤسسات الحكومية العامة على نجاح برامج وخطط التنمية في تحقيق أهدافها المجتمعية, إذ أن عملية تنفيذ هذه البرامج تقع على عاتق إدارات هذه المؤسسات في إطار التزام العاملين فيها بتحقيق الأهداف والسياسات التنموية العامة للدولة ، وحرصهم على تلبية ا
... Show Moreلقد أرسى الفنان العراقي القديم، بلا ريب، الأسس الأولى للفنون فكانت وما زالت أعماله مصدرا مهما للمدارس الفنية كافة منذ العصور التاريخية وما قبلها، وداولتها الحضارات المتعاقبة في أرضه وخارجها حتى أصبح فن الرافدين يطبع كثيرا من خصائصه وسماته على تلك الحضارات. وعندما بزغ نور الإسلام السرمدي وبدد
as important aspects emerged related to the management of the caliphate and how it was transferred, and the clarification of the political trends and transformations at the end of their lives. In addition, how the Rightly Guided
The povety in a subjct of one of the most important problems that
accompanied the development process in iraq and is now pointing in the
depth of institutional struetues and threaten the sociol fabric and cohesion
mechamisms .
The study included of the most importana social problems that
accompamied thecrises and occupation in iraq as aproblem of unemployment
aworce, forced displacement and disintegration of family and juvenile
delinguency and the problems of drug addiction .
The study relied on sample slected from the city of Baghdad ,showed
the most important results of that two-thirds of the asssets of an urban sample
compared to one third of them from rural aelcyrounds and that there is
arelationship
It is important to study that the social circumstances in Alexandria through Mamluk era specially social life in Egypt specially in Alexandria which had describe as it was show change in opposite with other sides of life
تكمن مشكلة البحث بان المؤسسات عامةـ والتعليمية منها خاصةفي الوقت الحاضرتواجه ظروف بيئيةتفرض عليها حتمية التغيير ، وذلك بسبب التحولاتالتي تحدثفي عالمناالحالي سواءًكان على المستوىالمحلي أو العالمي أو على المستوىالمؤسسة نفسها مما يجعلمؤسساتنا التربويةبحاجةملحةلمواجهة هذا التغيير القادم وذلك من خلال معالجةالمشكلاتالتي قد تظهر بطرق مبتكرة وابداعية مغايرةللطرقالتقليدية ،وذلك من خلال تهيئة المناخ الت
... Show Moreيكون النبات أحد عناصر النظام البيئي Ecosystem مع المناخ والتربة والطبوغرافية والموقع وعناصر الحياة الأخرى، والنبات الطبيعي الموجود حالياً, بغض النظر عن مدى تدخل الأنسان, هو في حالة " توازن بيئي" Climax مع