Clustering algorithms have recently gained attention in the related literature since
they can help current intrusion detection systems in several aspects. This paper
proposes genetic algorithm (GA) based clustering, serving to distinguish patterns
incoming from network traffic packets into normal and attack. Two GA based
clustering models for solving intrusion detection problem are introduced. The first
model coined as handles numeric features of the network packet, whereas
the second one coined as concerns all features of the network packet.
Moreover, a new mutation operator directed for binary and symbolic features is
proposed. The basic concept of proposed mutation operator depends on the most
frequent value of the features using mode operator. The proposed GA-based
clustering models are evaluated using Network Security Laboratory-Knowledge
Discovery and Data mining (NSL-KDD) benchmark dataset. Also, it is compared
with two baseline methods namely k-means and k-prototype to judge their
performance and to confirm the value of the obtained clustering structures. The
experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models for intrusion
detection problem in which and models outperform the two baseline
methods in accuracy ( ), detection rate ( ) and true negative rate ( ).
Moreover, the results prove the positive impact of the proposed mutation operator to
enhance the strength of model in all evaluation metrics. It successfully attains
6.4, 5.463 and 3.279 percentage of relative improvement in over and
baseline models respectively.
In this paper, we will give another class of normal operator which is (K-N)*
quasi-n-normal operator in Hilbert space, and give some properties of this concept
as well as discussion the relation between this class with another class of normal
operators.
(1)
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the means and the difficulties faced by students of
nursing maternal and child health nursing / College of Nursing / University of Baghdad in obtaining scientific
information in practical training.
Methodology: A purposive sample of (100) Nursing college student - Maternal and Child Health Nursing
Department were selected. Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire form during the
period from the November 2010 to April 2011. Descriptive statistical procedures were used to analyze the
data.
Results: The results showed that the highest percentage of members of the study sample aged between
(20-21 years), females are the most inhabitants of the city of Ba
Abstract The means of self-determination have their peaceful and non-peaceful dimensions and are united(peaceful and non-peaceful) by international consensus adopted by international conventions and instruments. This has given it various dimensions at the applied level, especially in the light of the contemporary international developments witnessed by the world represented by a number of complete and incomplete implementation models that have nothing to do with the theory of truth Self-determination associated with the liberation of peoples from colonial domination or the liberation of oppressed nationalities
Kidney tumors are of different types having different characteristics and also remain challenging in the field of biomedicine. It becomes very important to detect the tumor and classify it at the early stage so that appropriate treatment can be planned. Accurate estimation of kidney tumor volume is essential for clinical diagnoses and therapeutic decisions related to renal diseases. The main objective of this research is to use the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) algorithms to help the early detection of kidney tumors that addresses the challenges of accurate kidney tumor volume estimation caused by extensive variations in kidney shape, size and orientation across subjects.
In this paper, have tried to implement an automated segmentati
Performance of gas-solid spouted bed benefit from solids uniformity structure (UI).Therefore, the focus of this work is to maximize UI across the bed based on process variables. Hence, UI is to be considered as the objective of the optimization process .Three selected process variables are affecting the objective function. These decision variables are: gas velocity, particle density and particle diameter. Steady-state solids concentration measurements were carried out in a narrow 3-inch cylindrical spouted bed made of Plexiglas that used 60° conical shape base. Radial concentration of particles (glass and steel beads) at various bed heights and different flow patterns were measured using sophisticated optical probes. Stochastic Genetic
... Show MoreBackground: CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking are among several risk factors for various types of cancers, but their influence on breast cancer remains controversial. We analyzed the possible association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking-related breast cancer in women from Iraq. Materials and methods: In this case-control study, gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene (CYP1A1m1, T6235C and CYP1A1m2, A4889G) of 199 histologically verified breast cancer patients' and 160 cancer-free control women's specimens were performed by using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Three genotype frequencies (TT, TC, and CC) of CYP1A1m1T/C appeared in 16.1, 29.6, and 54.3% of women with breast cancer, respectiv
... Show More
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Background:Fractures of patella constitute 1% of all fractures. Various techniques have been described for internal fixation of patella fractures. Superiority of one technique over the other has long been debated. Objective:We reviewed a series of seventy patients with transverse or comminuted fractures of patella treated with cerclage and tension band wiring technique to assess if it had any advantages over k. wires and tension band wiring technique. Type of the study:Retrospective study.Methods; Seventy patients with displaced patella fracture, with a mean age of 47 years (range 13-75) were divided into two groups :group A 36 patients were treated with cerclageand tensi
... Show MoreThe object of the presented study was to monitor the changes that had happened
in the main features (water, vegetation, and soil) of Al-Hammar Marsh region. To
fulfill this goal, different satellite images had been used in different times, MSS
1973, TM 1990, ETM+ 2000 and MODIS 2010. K-Means which is unsupervised
classification and Neural Net which is supervised classification was used to classify
the satellite images 0Tand finally by use 0Tadaptive classification 0Twhich is0T3T 0T3Tapply
s0Tupervised classification on the unsupervised classification. ENVI soft where used
in this study.
Background: Fractures of patella constitute 1% of all fractures. Various techniques have been described for internal fixation of patella fractures. Superiority of one technique over the other has long been debated. Objective: We reviewed a series of seventy patients with transverse or comminuted fractures of patella treated with cerclage and tension band wiring technique to assess if it had any advantages over k. wires and tension band wiring technique. Type of the study: Retrospective study. Methods; Seventy patients with displaced patella fracture, with a mean age of 47 years (range 13-75) were divided into two groups :group A 36 patients were treated with cerclage and tension bands technique ,and group B 34 patients were fixed by 2 K.
... Show MoreIn projective plane over a finite field q F , a conic is the unique complete
(q 1) arc and any arcs on a conic are incomplete arc of degree less than q 1.
These arcs correspond to sets in the projective line over the same field. In this paper,
The number of inequivalent incomplete k arcs; k 5,6, ,12, on the conic in
PG(2,23) and stabilizer group types are found. Also, the projective line
PG(1,23) has been splitting into two 12-sets and partitioned into six disjoint
tetrads.