A high-performance liquid chromatography method was employed for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid (AA) which called vitamin C in three types of Iraqi citrus (orange mandarin and aurantium ) and to establish this goal , evaluation of ascorbic acid degradation is so important due to its significant criticality when exposure to ordinary atmospheric conditions. The chromatographic analysis of AA was carried out after their sequential elution with KH2PO4 ( as mobile phase) by reverse-phase HPLC technique with C8 column and UV detection at 214 nm. .Bad resolutions was appeared clearly for C8 column , so another alternative condition were carried out to improve the resolution by replacement of C8 by C18 column .Statistical treat

Cryptography is the process of transforming message to avoid an unauthorized access of data. One of the main problems and an important part in cryptography with secret key algorithms is key. For higher level of secure communication key plays an important role. For increasing the level of security in any communication, both parties must have a copy of the secret key which, unfortunately, is not that easy to achieve. Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithm is weak due to its weak key generation, so that key must be reconfigured to make this algorithm more secure, effective, and strong. Encryption key enhances the Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithm securities. This paper proposed a combination of two efficient encryption algorithms to

    The fauna of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from different regions of Iraq is surveyed in this study; there were 16 species, 13 genera that belong to four families which are collected in this investigation.

    Also, all the species that are recorded for Iraq in previous investigations are revised; totally there are 110 species, 32 genera belonging to  five families: Apidae, Andernidae, Colletidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae were listed.

A batch adsorption system was applied to study the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by Iraqi bentonite and treated bentonite with different amount of zinc oxide (ZnO). The adsorption capacities of methylene blue onto bentonite were evaluated. The equilibrium between liquid and solid phase was described by Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. Langmuir and Freundlich constants have been determined. The separation factor or equilibrium parameter, RL which is used to predict if an adsorption system is favourable or unfavourable was calculated for all cases.

BACKGROUND: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) approved for use in North America since 1997 despite the fact that the concept of using SNS to treat patients with voiding dysfunction discussed first almost 50 years ago. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of SNS the short and long term for patients with overactive bladder (OAB) dysfunction and its relation to age, gender, and causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a clinical prospective study that involved 50 cases (32 females and 18 males) with OAB. It was carried out at Ibn Sina Hospital, and the neurosciences hospital in Baghdad/Iraq from April 2015 to April 2018. All the patients were assessed preoperatively and certain inclusion criteria were

Abstract Exotoxin A is the most lethal virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits elongation factor-2 by ADP-ribosylation of EF2. This causes stop of the elongation of polypeptides. In recent study, the effect of low concentration of exotoxin A on some important internal organs of mice was studied. Four groups white mice were injected intraperitonialy with pure exotoxin A in the following manner 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 ng\ animals. One mouse receives normal saline inrtaperitonialy as a control. After 72 hours the mice were killed and four organs were taken, liver, spleen, lung and heart from each killed mice. Histological sections were made from each organ and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain then examined under mic

تعتبر تقنيات المحاكاة الرقمية في مجال تصميم وتحليل الأقمشة المنسوجة ثورة تكنولوجية حديثة تتيح للباحثين والمهندسين إنشاء نماذج أكثر كفاءة ودقة وتحليل الخواص الميكانيكية والفيزيائية للمنسوجات قبل البدء في التصنيع مما يوفر الوقت والجهد عن تنفيذها بالطرق التقليدية.

    يهدف البحث إلى تقييم دقة وكفاءة برنامج TexGen في محاكاة الأقمشة المنسوجة، وتحديد التحديات والقيود المرتبطة باستخدام برنامج TexGen. وتوصلت ال

         In the present work, the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments for some sodium isotopes have been calculated using the shell model, considering the effect of the two-body effective interactions and the single-particle potentials. These isotopes are; ²¹Na (3/2+), ²³Na (3/2+), ²⁵Na (5/2+), ²⁶Na (3+), ²⁷Na (5/2+), ²⁸Na (1+) and, ²⁹Na (3/2+). The one-body transition density matrix elements (OBDM) have been calculated using the (USDA, USDB, HBUMSD and W) two-body effective interactions carried out in the sd-shell model space. The sd shell model space consists of the active 2s_1/2, 1d_5/2,

This study involved the evaluation of Alcoholic extract of Nerium Oleander L. plant that have a promising anticancer cell. This extract was compared to the well known anticancer drug Cis – Platinum by utilizing an in vivo system in female Albino mice. The first direction was cytogenetically using the mitotic Index of bone marrow cells as a parameter for the cytotoxic effect of this extract. The second direction was enzymatical using a widely distributed enzyme GOT in the different organs of mice: Liver , kidney , spleen and lung . Animals were treated with three doses of Cis-platin , 50 , 200 and 350 Mg/mouse for three days . The same doses were used for the other extract . This study showed that the extract have a promising anticance

Salmonella enteritidis one of more important as epidemiological bacteria between other salmonella types. It is very important pathologically that cause food poising and gastrointestinal tract infections. This study includes some of immunological changes that appear by ELISA test and antibiotic sensitivity test against these bacteria in mice. ELISA test results appears high immunological response happen after 3 days of inoculation, mean titration readings beginning 0.198 and the maximum mean titration after 15 days of inoculation 1.538 and begin to decrease after this time slowly to remain about 0.297 after 40 days of inoculation. An antibiotics sensitivity test result appears, this bacteria sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Ceftriaxone,

Anew Solar concentrator have been designed in this paper, this concentrators Were based on the total internal reflection in a prism, the prism angles has been calculated by depending on the solar incident ray angle in baghdad for a year. The optical design consist ofa triangular presume, Where the solar cells on one side of the prism Wh?le the prism head towered the south. The results show that there is an increasing in the solar ray concentrators and the cell area is reduced.

          تناول البحث التطورات السياسية التي طرأت على الساحة الاوربية ، مما ادى الى تقارب روسيا مع الدولة العثمانية  وتناسي خلافات الماضي القريب لمواجهة الخطر الفرنسي عن طريق الحملات البحرية المشتركة في البحر المتوسط ضد التواجد الفرنسي هناك ، والذي انتهى باتفاق الدولتين على تأسيس جمهورية الجزر السبع في البحر المتوسط التي تم وضعها تحت سيادة الدولة العثمانية وحماية روسيا الق

The studies were conducted at the Aragatsotn region of the Republic of Armenia during the years 2021-2024. Four species of click beetles (family Elateridae) belonging to the order Coleoptera of the class Insecta were recorded. The most widespread species was the sowing click beetle (Agriotes sputator L.), making up 56%. The steppe click beetles (Agriotes gurgistanus Fald.) accounted for 25% of the total population. The striped (Agriotes lineatus L.) and dark (Agriotes obscurus L.) click beetles were relatively less common, constituting 14% and 5%, respectively. Based on the ana

يعد بيت زياد الجليلي من البيوت الأثرية في مدينة الموصل، إذ يعود تاريخ بنائه إلى (1143هــ/1730م). وهو بهذا يقع ضمن زمن الحكم الجليلي، ويعد عهدهم من عهود الموصل الذهبية في العصر العثماني. تعود ملكية البيت إلى الوالي محمد أمين باشا الجليلي، وعرف ببيت زياد الجليلي، نسبة إلى رجل مسن في العائلة. يقع البيت في محلة شهر سوق، قرب جامع عمر الأسود في شارع الفاروق، وهو من البيوت الفخمة للجليليين، إذ تقدر مساحته بــ (3300م²). ويتأل

Cloud storage provides scalable and low cost resources featuring economies of scale based on cross-user architecture. As the amount of data outsourced grows explosively, data deduplication, a technique that eliminates data redundancy, becomes essential. The most important cloud service is data storage. In order to protect the privacy of data owner, data are stored in cloud in an encrypted form. However, encrypted data introduce new challenges for cloud data deduplication, which becomes crucial for data storage. Traditional deduplication schemes cannot work on encrypted data. Existing solutions of encrypted data deduplication suffer from security weakness. This paper proposes a combined compressive sensing and video deduplication to maximize

نجح محمد طلعت حرب في اقامة مؤسسة مصرية كانت الحاجة كبيرة لها، وصنع جهاز إداري متميز بالاعتماد على المصريين لينجح في انشاء بنك مصر عام 1920، ليكون بنك مصر أحد مجالات التقارب الاجتماعي بين مكونات الشعب المصري، فالملاحظ في عقد تأسيس بنك مصر أَن مؤسسيه كانوا من مختلف الديانات، وهذا الأمر زاد من التقارب فيما بينهم، وأَن لا فرق بين اي ديانة بما أَن المنفعة واحدة، ليعطي محمد طلعت حرب درساً بوحدة بنك مصر.

      أتسمت العلاقات العراقية الكويتية ولفترات طويلة من تاريخها بعدم الاستقرار, وذلك يعود الى مشكلة الحدود فيما بينهما,التي ادت الى اندلاع الكثير من الخلافات والنزاعات على مر التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر,على الرغم من ان العراق والكويت  بلدين محكومين بحتمية التصاق جغرافي وتاريخي, الا ان العلاقات بينهما مرت بفترات من المد والجزر منذ اعلان استقلال الكويت وحتى اجتياح العراق للكويت عام 1990, والتداعيات

High frequency (HF) communications have an important role in long distances wireless communications. This frequency band is more important than VHF and UHF, as HF frequencies can cut longer distance with a single hopping. It has a low operation cost because it offers over-the-horizon communications without repeaters, therefore it can be used as a backup for satellite communications in emergency conditions. One of the main problems in HF communications is the prediction of the propagation direction and the frequency of optimum transmission (FOT) that must be used at a certain time. This paper introduces a new technique based on Oblique Ionosonde Station (OIS) to overcome this problem with a low cost and an easier way. This technique uses the

The type of groundwater in the studied area is slightly brackish. In general, the dominant water type is calcium-sulfate. The reasons behind these different chemical groundwater types can be referred to the active ion exchange between the groundwater of the Dammam aquifer and Rus Formation. The groundwater of the Dammam unconfined aquifer is not suitable for human drinking in all the parameters properties. The groundwater class is fair in the Qasir Al-Ukhaider area, while the Shebcha area and Al-Salman area are poor class except the eastern part of Al-Salman area is very poor.

This study was investigate to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship among three species of Rosa that are  R. canina L.,1735, R. damascene Mill. and R. centifolia L., cultivated in Iraq by using three primers of ITS, matK and trnL. With regard to the  nuclear ITS sequencing reaction results showed that the identified identities of the investigated samples were R. canina, R. damascena, and R. centifolia the presence of seven nucleic acid variants (g.392G>T, g.439G>A, g.442T>G, g.458C>T, g.477C>T, g.495T>C, and g.496C>T) of  R. canina sample, one nucleic acid variant (g.15A>C) in R. centifolia

يشير اغلب المؤرخين القدماء الى ان تدوين العلوم الاسلامية- ومنها علم التفسير -  قد بدأ في العصر العباسي ، ان  الدراسات الحديثة تثبتت أن بدايات التدوين تعود الى ما قبل العصر العباسي بكثير، وان بعض الاثار المكتوبة وجدت منذ عصر الرسول وصحابته الذين اخذ عنهم جيل التابعين ، ولكن من المرجح ان هذه الاثار المكتوبة ظلت محدودة .

ان كتبا صنفت في التفسير ضاعت كما ضاع أكثر الكتب التي صنفت في التاريخ والحديث في العص

This research includes the synthesis of new series of heterocyclic compounds. Reaction of 2-nitro benzylidene)thiosemicarbazide(1) with ethyl chloro acetate gave (2-nitro benzylidene amino)-2-thioxomidazolidine-4-one(2) ,treatment(2) with methyl iodide to give(3)which was reacted with hydrazine to give 2-hydrazinyl-1-[(2-nitrobenzylidene)amino]- 1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one, andreation of compound(2) with aromatic aldehydes to give 5arylidene -3-({2-nitro benzylidene}amino)2-thioxo-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazole-4-one(5a,5b), which was reacted with ethyl aceto acetate to give 4-aryl-1-[2-nitrobenzylidene, amino -6oxo-2-thioxo octa hydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate and followed synthesis of βlactamederivtives(9a,9b) by treatment derivatives(

   This paper concerns is the preparation and characterization of a bidentate ligand [4-(5,5dimethyl-3-oxocyclohex-1-enylamino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) benzene sulfonamide].  The ligand was prepared from fusing of sulfamethoxazole and dimedone at (140) ºC for half hour.              The complex was prepared by refluxing the ligand with a bivalent cobalt ion using ethanol as a solvent. The prepared ligand and complex were identified using Spectroscopic methods. The proposed tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions studied were concluded from these measurements. Both molar ratio and continuous variation method were studied to determine metal to ligand ratio (M:L). The M to L ratio wa

A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib area –Baghdad, Iraq, to study the effect of applying some nutrients management practices and leaching requirements on some soil quality indicators and sorghum productivity under saline soil conditions. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design )RCBD( with split split plot arrangement and three replicates. Treatments included 7 nutrients combinations :(Control” F₀”, NPK” F₁”, NPKS” F₂”, NPKS + micronutrients”F₃”, NPKS+ micronutrients+ Nano silicon” F₄”, NPKS+ micronutrients + Nano silicon + calcium and magnesium nitrate” F₅

This study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022, except May 2022, and aimed to evaluate and validate CO₂, CH₄, and O₃ GHGs in 13 different locations over Sulaimani city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq by means of remote sensing techniques from Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P)/ TROPOMI and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellites against ground-based measurements by using a  portable gases analyzer via three types of sensor heads, GSS  for the nominated gases of CO₂, CH_4, and O₃. The Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation methods were used to map the CO₂, CH₄, and O₃. The results of ground measurements showed high va

Background: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the color changes of direct resin composite veneer (DCV) restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis of 4 different types of resin composites between the baseline immediately after polishing and after one year of follow-up. Materials and methods: 28 patients were assessed for eligibility for participation, aged between 18 and 38 years old, who indicated for DCV restorations in anterior maxillary teeth were considered for participation in this study. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected (6 males and 19 females, mean age: 20.9 at the time of restoration placement), and 3 patients were excluded. Partic